sqrtexp (problem 3.4.4)

Percentage Accurate: 35.4% → 100.0%

Time: 4.8s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 3.1×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (/ (- (exp (* 2.0 x)) 1.0) (- (exp x) 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return sqrt(((exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (exp(x) - 1.0)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt(((exp((2.0d0 * x)) - 1.0d0) / (exp(x) - 1.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt(((Math.exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (Math.exp(x) - 1.0)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.sqrt(((math.exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (math.exp(x) - 1.0)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / Float64(exp(x) - 1.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt(((exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (exp(x) - 1.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 35.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (/ (- (exp (* 2.0 x)) 1.0) (- (exp x) 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return sqrt(((exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (exp(x) - 1.0)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt(((exp((2.0d0 * x)) - 1.0d0) / (exp(x) - 1.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt(((Math.exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (Math.exp(x) - 1.0)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.sqrt(((math.exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (math.exp(x) - 1.0)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / Float64(exp(x) - 1.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt(((exp((2.0 * x)) - 1.0) / (exp(x) - 1.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (hypot 1.0 (sqrt (exp x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return hypot(1.0, sqrt(exp(x)));
}

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.hypot(1.0, Math.sqrt(Math.exp(x)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.hypot(1.0, math.sqrt(math.exp(x)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return hypot(1.0, sqrt(exp(x)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = hypot(1.0, sqrt(exp(x)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[Sqrt[N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 40.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 40.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   2. exp-lft-sqr 41.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   3. difference-of-sqr-1 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

   5. *-inverses 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

   6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

   7. +-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{e^{x}} \cdot \sqrt{e^{x}}}} \]

   2. hypot-1-def 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right) \]

Alternative 2: 100.0% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, e^{x \cdot 0.5}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (hypot 1.0 (exp (* x 0.5))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return hypot(1.0, exp((x * 0.5)));
}

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.hypot(1.0, Math.exp((x * 0.5)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.hypot(1.0, math.exp((x * 0.5)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return hypot(1.0, exp(Float64(x * 0.5)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = hypot(1.0, exp((x * 0.5)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[Exp[N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 40.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 40.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   2. exp-lft-sqr 41.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   3. difference-of-sqr-1 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

   5. *-inverses 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

   6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

   7. +-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{e^{x}} \cdot \sqrt{e^{x}}}} \]

   2. hypot-1-def 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow1/2 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{{\left(e^{x}\right)}^{0.5}}\right) \]

   2. pow-exp 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{e^{x \cdot 0.5}}\right) \]

7. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{e^{x \cdot 0.5}}\right) \]

8. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, e^{x \cdot 0.5}\right) \]

Alternative 3: 100.0% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 + e^{x}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (exp x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return sqrt((1.0 + exp(x)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt((1.0d0 + exp(x)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.exp(x)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.sqrt((1.0 + math.exp(x)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return sqrt(Float64(1.0 + exp(x)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt((1.0 + exp(x)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 40.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 40.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   2. exp-lft-sqr 41.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   3. difference-of-sqr-1 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

   5. *-inverses 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

   6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

   7. +-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]

4. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + e^{x}} \]

Alternative 4: 72.9% accurate, 2.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.2:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(0.5 + x \cdot -0.25\right)}^{-0.5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -4.2) (sqrt 2.0) (pow (+ 0.5 (* x -0.25)) -0.5)))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -4.2) {
		tmp = sqrt(2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = pow((0.5 + (x * -0.25)), -0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-4.2d0)) then
        tmp = sqrt(2.0d0)
    else
        tmp = (0.5d0 + (x * (-0.25d0))) ** (-0.5d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -4.2) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow((0.5 + (x * -0.25)), -0.5);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -4.2:
		tmp = math.sqrt(2.0)
	else:
		tmp = math.pow((0.5 + (x * -0.25)), -0.5)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -4.2)
		tmp = sqrt(2.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 + Float64(x * -0.25)) ^ -0.5;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -4.2)
		tmp = sqrt(2.0);
	else
		tmp = (0.5 + (x * -0.25)) ^ -0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -4.2], N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision], N[Power[N[(0.5 + N[(x * -0.25), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < -4.20000000000000018

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

      2. exp-lft-sqr 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

      3. difference-of-sqr-1 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

      4. associate-/l* 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

      5. *-inverses 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

      6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

      7. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

   3. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 20.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}} \]

   if -4.20000000000000018 < x

   1. Initial program 7.6%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 7.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

      2. exp-lft-sqr 8.7%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

      3. difference-of-sqr-1 10.3%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

      4. associate-/l* 10.3%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

      5. *-inverses 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

      6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

      7. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

   3. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow1/2 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{x}\right)}^{0.5}} \]

      2. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      3. flip-+ 8.7%

         \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{e^{x} \cdot e^{x} - 1 \cdot 1}{e^{x} - 1}\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      4. metadata-eval 8.7%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{e^{x} \cdot e^{x} - \color{blue}{1}}{e^{x} - 1}\right)}^{0.5} \]

      5. prod-exp 7.6%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x + x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}\right)}^{0.5} \]

      6. expm1-udef 9.6%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}\right)}^{0.5} \]

      7. expm1-udef 100.0%

         \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x\right)}}\right)}^{0.5} \]

      8. div-inv 99.7%

         \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x\right)}\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      9. div-inv 100.0%

         \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x\right)}\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      10. clear-num 99.9%

          \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right)}}\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      11. inv-pow 99.9%

          \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right)}\right)}^{-1}\right)}}^{0.5} \]

      12. metadata-eval 99.9%

          \[\leadsto {\left({\left(\frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right)}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)}}\right)}^{0.5} \]

      13. pow-pow 100.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(x + x\right)}\right)}^{\left(\left(-1\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{x}}\right)}^{-0.5}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.5%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + -0.25 \cdot x\right)}}^{-0.5} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 98.5%

         \[\leadsto {\left(0.5 + \color{blue}{x \cdot -0.25}\right)}^{-0.5} \]

   8. Simplified 98.5%

      \[\leadsto {\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + x \cdot -0.25\right)}}^{-0.5} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 70.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.2:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(0.5 + x \cdot -0.25\right)}^{-0.5}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 72.0% accurate, 3.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt 2.0))

C

double code(double x) {
	return sqrt(2.0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt(2.0d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt(2.0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	return math.sqrt(2.0)

Julia

function code(x)
	return sqrt(2.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt(2.0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 40.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 40.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   2. exp-lft-sqr 41.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   3. difference-of-sqr-1 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

   5. *-inverses 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

   6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

   7. +-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]

4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 68.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}} \]

5. Final simplification 68.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{2} \]

Alternative 6: 14.2% accurate, 61.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 + x \cdot 0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ 1.0 (* x 0.5)))

C

double code(double x) {
	return 1.0 + (x * 0.5);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 1.0d0 + (x * 0.5d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 1.0 + (x * 0.5);
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 1.0 + (x * 0.5)

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * 0.5))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 1.0 + (x * 0.5);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(1.0 + N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 40.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 40.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   2. exp-lft-sqr 41.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   3. difference-of-sqr-1 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

   5. *-inverses 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

   6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

   7. +-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{e^{x}} \cdot \sqrt{e^{x}}}} \]

   2. hypot-1-def 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 64.6%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot x + 1}\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in x around inf 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 0.5 \cdot x} \]

8. Final simplification 13.6%

   \[\leadsto 1 + x \cdot 0.5 \]

Alternative 7: 2.9% accurate, 103.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \cdot 0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x 0.5))

C

double code(double x) {
	return x * 0.5;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x * 0.5d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return x * 0.5;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return x * 0.5

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(x * 0.5)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x * 0.5;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 40.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 40.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   2. exp-lft-sqr 41.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   3. difference-of-sqr-1 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

   5. *-inverses 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

   6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

   7. +-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{e^{x}} \cdot \sqrt{e^{x}}}} \]

   2. hypot-1-def 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 64.6%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot x + 1}\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in x around inf 3.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot x} \]

8. Final simplification 3.1%

   \[\leadsto x \cdot 0.5 \]

Alternative 8: 4.3% accurate, 103.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \cdot -0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x -0.5))

C

double code(double x) {
	return x * -0.5;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x * (-0.5d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return x * -0.5;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return x * -0.5

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(x * -0.5)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x * -0.5;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(x * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 40.8%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{e^{2 \cdot x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 40.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{x \cdot 2}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   2. exp-lft-sqr 41.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{e^{x} \cdot e^{x}} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   3. difference-of-sqr-1 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(e^{x} + 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{x} - 1\right)}}{e^{x} - 1}} \]

   4. associate-/l* 42.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\frac{e^{x} - 1}{e^{x} - 1}}}} \]

   5. *-inverses 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{e^{x} + 1}{\color{blue}{1}}} \]

   6. /-rgt-identity 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{e^{x} + 1}} \]

   7. +-commutative 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + e^{x}}} \]

3. Simplified 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + e^{x}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{e^{x}} \cdot \sqrt{e^{x}}}} \]

   2. hypot-1-def 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{e^{x}}\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 64.6%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot x + 1}\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in x around -inf 4.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot x} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 4.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot -0.5} \]

9. Simplified 4.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot -0.5} \]

10. Final simplification 4.3%

    \[\leadsto x \cdot -0.5 \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023192 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "sqrtexp (problem 3.4.4)"
  :precision binary64
  (sqrt (/ (- (exp (* 2.0 x)) 1.0) (- (exp x) 1.0))))