Toniolo and Linder, Equation (13)

Average Error: 34.5 → 28.7

Time: 1.0m

Precision: 64

Math

\[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n \le -8.419437228522636679217683308706909883767 \cdot 10^{-4} \lor n \le -3.88758576516516698363399032912355760136 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - n \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot n} \cdot \sqrt{U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}\\ \end{array}\]

C

double f(double n, double U, double t, double l, double Om, double U_) {
        double r222749 = 2.0;
        double r222750 = n;
        double r222751 = r222749 * r222750;
        double r222752 = U;
        double r222753 = r222751 * r222752;
        double r222754 = t;
        double r222755 = l;
        double r222756 = r222755 * r222755;
        double r222757 = Om;
        double r222758 = r222756 / r222757;
        double r222759 = r222749 * r222758;
        double r222760 = r222754 - r222759;
        double r222761 = r222755 / r222757;
        double r222762 = pow(r222761, r222749);
        double r222763 = r222750 * r222762;
        double r222764 = U_;
        double r222765 = r222752 - r222764;
        double r222766 = r222763 * r222765;
        double r222767 = r222760 - r222766;
        double r222768 = r222753 * r222767;
        double r222769 = sqrt(r222768);
        return r222769;
}

↓

double f(double n, double U, double t, double l, double Om, double U_) {
        double r222770 = n;
        double r222771 = -0.0008419437228522637;
        bool r222772 = r222770 <= r222771;
        double r222773 = -3.887585765165167e-308;
        bool r222774 = r222770 <= r222773;
        bool r222775 = r222772 || r222774;
        double r222776 = 2.0;
        double r222777 = r222776 * r222770;
        double r222778 = U;
        double r222779 = t;
        double r222780 = l;
        double r222781 = Om;
        double r222782 = r222781 / r222780;
        double r222783 = r222780 / r222782;
        double r222784 = r222776 * r222783;
        double r222785 = r222779 - r222784;
        double r222786 = r222780 / r222781;
        double r222787 = pow(r222786, r222776);
        double r222788 = U_;
        double r222789 = r222778 - r222788;
        double r222790 = r222787 * r222789;
        double r222791 = r222770 * r222790;
        double r222792 = r222785 - r222791;
        double r222793 = r222778 * r222792;
        double r222794 = r222777 * r222793;
        double r222795 = sqrt(r222794);
        double r222796 = sqrt(r222777);
        double r222797 = r222770 * r222787;
        double r222798 = cbrt(r222789);
        double r222799 = r222798 * r222798;
        double r222800 = r222797 * r222799;
        double r222801 = r222800 * r222798;
        double r222802 = r222785 - r222801;
        double r222803 = r222778 * r222802;
        double r222804 = sqrt(r222803);
        double r222805 = r222796 * r222804;
        double r222806 = r222775 ? r222795 : r222805;
        return r222806;
}

Error

Bits error versus n

Bits error versus U

Bits error versus t

Bits error versus l

Bits error versus Om

Bits error versus U*

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if n < -0.0008419437228522637

   1. Initial program 32.5

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied associate-/l* 30.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   4. Using strategy rm

   5. Applied associate-*l* 31.6

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}}\]
   6. Using strategy rm

   7. Applied associate-*l* 30.9

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \color{blue}{n \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\right)\right)}\]

   if -0.0008419437228522637 < n < -3.887585765165167e-308

   1. Initial program 35.6

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied associate-/l* 32.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   4. Using strategy rm

   5. Applied associate-*l* 32.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}}\]
   6. Using strategy rm

   7. Applied add-cube-cbrt 32.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}\right)\right)}\]

   8. Applied associate-*r* 32.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}}\right)\right)}\]
   9. Using strategy rm

   10. Applied pow1 32.5

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}^{1}}\right)}\]

   11. Applied pow1 32.5

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{U}^{1}} \cdot {\left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}^{1}\right)}\]

   12. Applied pow-prod-down 32.5

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right)}^{1}}}\]

   13. Applied pow1 32.5

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{{n}^{1}}\right) \cdot {\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right)}^{1}}\]

   14. Applied pow1 32.5

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{{2}^{1}} \cdot {n}^{1}\right) \cdot {\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right)}^{1}}\]

   15. Applied pow-prod-down 32.5

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot n\right)}^{1}} \cdot {\left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right)}^{1}}\]

   16. Applied pow-prod-down 32.5

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right)\right)}^{1}}}\]

   17. Simplified 29.6

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(t - \left(2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}} - \left(-n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot U\right)}}^{1}}\]

   if -3.887585765165167e-308 < n

   1. Initial program 34.7

      \[\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{Om}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   2. Using strategy rm

   3. Applied associate-/l* 31.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)}\]
   4. Using strategy rm

   5. Applied associate-*l* 32.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)}}\]
   6. Using strategy rm

   7. Applied add-cube-cbrt 32.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}\right)\right)}\]

   8. Applied associate-*r* 32.5

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}}\right)\right)}\]
   9. Using strategy rm

   10. Applied sqrt-prod 24.8

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot n} \cdot \sqrt{U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}}\]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 28.7

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n \le -8.419437228522636679217683308706909883767 \cdot 10^{-4} \lor n \le -3.88758576516516698363399032912355760136 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot n\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - n \cdot \left({\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(U - U*\right)\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot n} \cdot \sqrt{U \cdot \left(\left(t - 2 \cdot \frac{\ell}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right) - \left(\left(n \cdot {\left(\frac{\ell}{Om}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt[3]{U - U*} \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{U - U*}\right)}\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019308 
(FPCore (n U t l Om U*)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (13)"
  :precision binary64
  (sqrt (* (* (* 2 n) U) (- (- t (* 2 (/ (* l l) Om))) (* (* n (pow (/ l Om) 2)) (- U U*))))))