Average Error: 39.6 → 29.3
Time: 21.3s
Precision: 64
\[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
↓
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \le 5.466521274699001643849483913378653845116 \cdot 10^{306}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\ \end{array}\]
R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}
↓
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \le 5.466521274699001643849483913378653845116 \cdot 10^{306}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\

\end{array}
double f(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
        double r69974 = R;
        double r69975 = lambda1;
        double r69976 = lambda2;
        double r69977 = r69975 - r69976;
        double r69978 = phi1;
        double r69979 = phi2;
        double r69980 = r69978 + r69979;
        double r69981 = 2.0;
        double r69982 = r69980 / r69981;
        double r69983 = cos(r69982);
        double r69984 = r69977 * r69983;
        double r69985 = r69984 * r69984;
        double r69986 = r69978 - r69979;
        double r69987 = r69986 * r69986;
        double r69988 = r69985 + r69987;
        double r69989 = sqrt(r69988);
        double r69990 = r69974 * r69989;
        return r69990;
}
↓
double f(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
        double r69991 = lambda1;
        double r69992 = lambda2;
        double r69993 = r69991 - r69992;
        double r69994 = phi1;
        double r69995 = phi2;
        double r69996 = r69994 + r69995;
        double r69997 = 2.0;
        double r69998 = r69996 / r69997;
        double r69999 = cos(r69998);
        double r70000 = r69993 * r69999;
        double r70001 = r70000 * r70000;
        double r70002 = r69994 - r69995;
        double r70003 = r70002 * r70002;
        double r70004 = r70001 + r70003;
        double r70005 = 5.4665212746990016e+306;
        bool r70006 = r70004 <= r70005;
        double r70007 = R;
        double r70008 = 3.0;
        double r70009 = pow(r69999, r70008);
        double r70010 = cbrt(r70009);
        double r70011 = r69993 * r70010;
        double r70012 = r70011 * r70000;
        double r70013 = r70012 + r70003;
        double r70014 = sqrt(r70013);
        double r70015 = r70007 * r70014;
        double r70016 = r69995 - r69994;
        double r70017 = r70007 * r70016;
        double r70018 = r70006 ? r70015 : r70017;
        return r70018;
}

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Split input into 2 regimes

  2. if (+ (* (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0))) (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0)))) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2))) < 5.4665212746990016e+306

    1. Initial program 1.9

      \[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]
    2. Using strategy rm

    3. Applied add-cbrt-cube1.9

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    4. Simplified1.9

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    if 5.4665212746990016e+306 < (+ (* (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0))) (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2.0)))) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2)))

    1. Initial program 63.8

      \[R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\]

    2. Taylor expanded around 0 46.9

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}\]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

  4. Final simplification29.3

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \le 5.466521274699001643849483913378653845116 \cdot 10^{306}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{3}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1 + \phi_2}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\ \end{array}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019297 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Equirectangular approximation to distance on a great circle"
  :precision binary64
  (* R (sqrt (+ (* (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2))) (* (- lambda1 lambda2) (cos (/ (+ phi1 phi2) 2)))) (* (- phi1 phi2) (- phi1 phi2))))))