Average Error: 58.6 → 3.3
Time: 1.6m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}\]
\[\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}\]

Error

Bits error versus a

Bits error versus b

Bits error versus eps

Target

Original58.6
Target14.4
Herbie3.3
\[\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}\]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 58.6

    \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}\]
  2. Taylor expanded around 0 56.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({a}^{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{3}\right) + a \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)} \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}\]
  3. Simplified55.5

    \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)\right) + a \cdot \varepsilon\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}\]
  4. Taylor expanded around 0 3.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}}\]
  5. Final simplification3.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019091 
(FPCore (a b eps)
  :name "expq3 (problem 3.4.2)"
  :pre (and (< -1 eps) (< eps 1))

  :herbie-target
  (/ (+ a b) (* a b))

  (/ (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1)) (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1))))