Average Error: 17.2 → 3.9
Time: 54.3s
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 128
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
\[R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \log \left(e^{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Try it out

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation

  1. Initial program 17.2

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
  2. Simplified17.2

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)}\]
  3. Using strategy rm
  4. Applied cos-diff3.9

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} + \left(\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right))_*\right)\]
  5. Using strategy rm
  6. Applied add-log-exp3.9

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left((\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(e^{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right)})_*\right)\]
  7. Using strategy rm
  8. Applied fma-udef3.9

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \cos^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) + \log \left(e^{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right)}\]
  9. Final simplification3.9

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \cos^{-1} \left(\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \log \left(e^{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right)\]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2019008 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))

Details

Time bar (total: 49.4s)Debug log

sample892.0ms

Algorithm
intervals

simplify75.0ms

Counts
1 → 1
Calls

1 calls. Slowest were:

74.0ms
(* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R)

prune46.0ms

Pruning

2 alts after pruning (2 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 17.2b

localize81.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

2.7b
(cos (- lambda1 lambda2))
0.5b
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.2b
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
0.2b
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))

rewrite7.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 45
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

3.0ms
(cos (- lambda1 lambda2))
1.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
1.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

series257.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

190.0ms
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))
31.0ms
(cos (- lambda1 lambda2))
26.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
10.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

simplify484.0ms

Counts
18 → 57
Calls

18 calls. Slowest were:

83.0ms
(- (+ 1 (* lambda2 lambda1)) (* 1/2 (pow lambda1 2)))
50.0ms
(- (+ (* phi1 phi2) 1) (* 1/2 (pow phi1 2)))
39.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)))))

prune1.3s

Pruning

15 alts after pruning (15 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 4.2b

localize46.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.5b
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.2b
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
0.2b
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))
0.2b
(* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))

rewrite6.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 53
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

4.0ms
(* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))
1.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
1.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

series484.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

354.0ms
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))
69.0ms
(* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))
46.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
14.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))

simplify2.6s

Counts
24 → 65
Calls

24 calls. Slowest were:

313.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))))
248.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))))
239.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))))

prune1.6s

Pruning

16 alts after pruning (16 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 4.1b

localize25.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

0.5b
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.4b
(exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
0.3b
(log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))
0.2b
(* R (log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))

rewrite17.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 65
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

7.0ms
(* R (log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
4.0ms
(log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))
3.0ms
(exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))

series127.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

61.0ms
(exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
29.0ms
(* R (log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
21.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
16.0ms
(log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))

simplify7.9s

Counts
38 → 77
Calls

38 calls. Slowest were:

314.0ms
(* (log (exp (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))) R)
301.0ms
(log (exp (sqrt (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
299.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)))))

prune2.4s

Pruning

19 alts after pruning (19 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 4.0b

localize37.0ms

Local error

Found 4 expressions with local error:

3.8b
(log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
0.5b
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))
0.2b
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
0.2b
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))

rewrite10.0ms

Algorithm
rewrite-expression-head
Counts
4 → 49
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

5.0ms
(log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
3.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
1.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))

series429.0ms

Counts
4 → 12
Calls

4 calls. Slowest were:

313.0ms
(fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
62.0ms
(log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
33.0ms
(* R (acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))))
21.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))

simplify3.0s

Counts
21 → 61
Calls

21 calls. Slowest were:

571.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))))
313.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)) (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2))) (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))))
250.0ms
(acos (fma (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2))) (log (exp (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))))

prune1.4s

Pruning

19 alts after pruning (19 fresh and 0 done)

Merged error: 4.0b

regimes1.6s

Accuracy

0% (0.4b remaining)

Error of 3.9b against oracle of 3.6b and baseline of 3.9b

bsearch7.0ms

end0.0ms

sample24.6s

Algorithm
intervals