Average Error: 16.5 → 3.5
Time: 1.1m
Precision: 64
Internal Precision: 2112
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
↓
\[R \cdot \log \left(\frac{\sqrt{e^{\pi}}}{e^{\sin^{-1} \left((\left((\left(\sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*\right)}}\right)\]

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 16.5

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R\]
  2. Using strategy rm

  3. Applied cos-diff3.4

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right) \cdot R\]

  4. Taylor expanded around -inf 3.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right) + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)\right) + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right)\right)} \cdot R\]

  5. Simplified3.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left((\left((\left(\sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*\right)} \cdot R\]
  6. Using strategy rm

  7. Applied add-log-exp3.4

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(e^{\cos^{-1} \left((\left((\left(\sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*\right)}\right)} \cdot R\]
  8. Using strategy rm

  9. Applied acos-asin3.5

    \[\leadsto \log \left(e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2} - \sin^{-1} \left((\left((\left(\sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*\right)}}\right) \cdot R\]

  10. Applied exp-diff3.5

    \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{2}}}{e^{\sin^{-1} \left((\left((\left(\sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*\right)}}\right)} \cdot R\]

  11. Simplified3.5

    \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{e^{\pi}}}}{e^{\sin^{-1} \left((\left((\left(\sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*\right)}}\right) \cdot R\]

  12. Final simplification3.5

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \log \left(\frac{\sqrt{e^{\pi}}}{e^{\sin^{-1} \left((\left((\left(\sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1\right) + \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right))_*\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\right))_*\right)}}\right)\]

Runtime

Time bar (total: 1.1m)Debug logProfile

herbie shell --seed 2018256 +o rules:numerics
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))