b from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 0.0% → 22.2%
Time: 29.9s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 7.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
  :precision binary64
  (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
       (t_1 (sin t_0))
       (t_2 (cos t_0))
       (t_3
        (/
         (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale)
         y-scale))
       (t_4
        (/
         (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale)
         x-scale))
       (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
       (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
  (/
   (-
    (sqrt
     (*
      (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
      (-
       (+ t_4 t_3)
       (sqrt
        (+
         (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
         (pow
          (/
           (/
            (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2)
            x-scale)
           y-scale)
          2.0)))))))
   t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 0.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
  :precision binary64
  (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
       (t_1 (sin t_0))
       (t_2 (cos t_0))
       (t_3
        (/
         (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale)
         y-scale))
       (t_4
        (/
         (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale)
         x-scale))
       (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
       (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
  (/
   (-
    (sqrt
     (*
      (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
      (-
       (+ t_4 t_3)
       (sqrt
        (+
         (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
         (pow
          (/
           (/
            (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2)
            x-scale)
           y-scale)
          2.0)))))))
   t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 22.2% accurate, 4.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ t_1 := {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}\\ t_2 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-162}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_2 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_2}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \left({t\_0}^{2} - \sqrt{{t\_0}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
  :precision binary64
  (let* ((t_0 (cos (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI))))
       (t_1 (pow (fabs b) 4.0))
       (t_2 (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556)))
  (if (<= (fabs b) 1.6e-162)
    (*
     (/ -0.25 (fabs b))
     (/
      (*
       a
       (*
        (* x-scale x-scale)
        (/
         (sqrt
          (*
           (*
            8.0
            (-
             (fma (cos (* t_2 2.0)) 0.5 0.5)
             (sqrt (pow (cos t_2) 4.0))))
           t_1))
         (fabs x-scale))))
      (fabs b)))
    (*
     -0.25
     (/
      (*
       a
       (*
        x-scale
        (sqrt
         (* 8.0 (* t_1 (- (pow t_0 2.0) (sqrt (pow t_0 4.0))))))))
      (pow (fabs b) 2.0))))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = cos((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI))));
	double t_1 = pow(fabs(b), 4.0);
	double t_2 = (((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556;
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(b) <= 1.6e-162) {
		tmp = (-0.25 / fabs(b)) * ((a * ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (sqrt(((8.0 * (fma(cos((t_2 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos(t_2), 4.0)))) * t_1)) / fabs(x_45_scale)))) / fabs(b));
	} else {
		tmp = -0.25 * ((a * (x_45_scale * sqrt((8.0 * (t_1 * (pow(t_0, 2.0) - sqrt(pow(t_0, 4.0)))))))) / pow(fabs(b), 2.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi)))
	t_1 = abs(b) ^ 4.0
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(b) <= 1.6e-162)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.25 / abs(b)) * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(fma(cos(Float64(t_2 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt((cos(t_2) ^ 4.0)))) * t_1)) / abs(x_45_scale)))) / abs(b)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(x_45_scale * sqrt(Float64(8.0 * Float64(t_1 * Float64((t_0 ^ 2.0) - sqrt((t_0 ^ 4.0)))))))) / (abs(b) ^ 2.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 1.6e-162], N[(N[(-0.25 / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(t$95$2 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(a * N[(x$45$scale * N[Sqrt[N[(8.0 * N[(t$95$1 * N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[t$95$0, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\
t_1 := {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}\\
t_2 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-162}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_2 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_2}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \left({t\_0}^{2} - \sqrt{{t\_0}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{2}}\\


\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 1.5999999999999999e-162

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites0.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites4.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites19.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites20.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{b} \]

    if 1.5999999999999999e-162 < b

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites0.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x-scale around inf

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites2.5%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}{{y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left({b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left({b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left({b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left({b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      4. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left({b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      5. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left({b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    9. Applied rewrites10.5%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \left({b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 20.9% accurate, 4.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\ t_2 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_0}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|x-scale\right| \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+170}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot \left|x-scale\right|\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_1}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|\left|x-scale\right|\right|}\right)}{b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right|\right)}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right|\right)}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{t\_2}\\ \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
  :precision binary64
  (let* ((t_0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
       (t_1 (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556))
       (t_2 (/ (* 4.0 t_0) (pow (* (fabs x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))
  (if (<= (fabs x-scale) 1.9e+170)
    (*
     (/ -0.25 b)
     (/
      (*
       a
       (*
        (* (fabs x-scale) (fabs x-scale))
        (/
         (sqrt
          (*
           (*
            8.0
            (-
             (fma (cos (* t_1 2.0)) 0.5 0.5)
             (sqrt (pow (cos t_1) 4.0))))
           (pow b 4.0)))
         (fabs (fabs x-scale)))))
      b))
    (/
     (-
      (sqrt
       (*
        (* (* 2.0 t_2) t_0)
        (*
         (pow b 2.0)
         (-
          (/ 1.0 (pow (fabs x-scale) 2.0))
          (sqrt (/ 1.0 (pow (fabs x-scale) 4.0))))))))
     t_2))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_1 = (((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556;
	double t_2 = (4.0 * t_0) / pow((fabs(x_45_scale) * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(x_45_scale) <= 1.9e+170) {
		tmp = (-0.25 / b) * ((a * ((fabs(x_45_scale) * fabs(x_45_scale)) * (sqrt(((8.0 * (fma(cos((t_1 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos(t_1), 4.0)))) * pow(b, 4.0))) / fabs(fabs(x_45_scale))))) / b);
	} else {
		tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_2) * t_0) * (pow(b, 2.0) * ((1.0 / pow(fabs(x_45_scale), 2.0)) - sqrt((1.0 / pow(fabs(x_45_scale), 4.0))))))) / t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_0) / (Float64(abs(x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(x_45_scale) <= 1.9e+170)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.25 / b) * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(abs(x_45_scale) * abs(x_45_scale)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(fma(cos(Float64(t_1 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt((cos(t_1) ^ 4.0)))) * (b ^ 4.0))) / abs(abs(x_45_scale))))) / b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_2) * t_0) * Float64((b ^ 2.0) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / (abs(x_45_scale) ^ 2.0)) - sqrt(Float64(1.0 / (abs(x_45_scale) ^ 4.0)))))))) / t_2);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision], 1.9e+170], N[(N[(-0.25 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(t$95$1 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / N[Power[N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / N[Power[N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_1 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\
t_2 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_0}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left|x-scale\right| \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+170}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot \left|x-scale\right|\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_1}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|\left|x-scale\right|\right|}\right)}{b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right|\right)}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right|\right)}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{t\_2}\\


\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x-scale < 1.8999999999999999e170

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites0.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites4.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites19.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites20.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{b} \]

    if 1.8999999999999999e170 < x-scale

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites0.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in b around inf

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        3. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        4. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        5. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        8. lower-pow.f642.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites2.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{1}{{x-scale}^{4}}}\right)}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 20.8% accurate, 4.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\ t_2 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_0}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|x-scale\right| \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+170}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot \left|x-scale\right|\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_1}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|\left|x-scale\right|\right|}\right)}{b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right|\right)}^{2}}}}{t\_2}\\ \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
      :precision binary64
      (let* ((t_0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
           (t_1 (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556))
           (t_2 (/ (* 4.0 t_0) (pow (* (fabs x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))
      (if (<= (fabs x-scale) 1.9e+170)
        (*
         (/ -0.25 b)
         (/
          (*
           a
           (*
            (* (fabs x-scale) (fabs x-scale))
            (/
             (sqrt
              (*
               (*
                8.0
                (-
                 (fma (cos (* t_1 2.0)) 0.5 0.5)
                 (sqrt (pow (cos t_1) 4.0))))
               (pow b 4.0)))
             (fabs (fabs x-scale)))))
          b))
        (/
         (-
          (sqrt
           (*
            (* (* 2.0 t_2) t_0)
            (/
             (- (pow b 2.0) (sqrt (pow b 4.0)))
             (pow (fabs x-scale) 2.0)))))
         t_2))))
    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
    	double t_0 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
    	double t_1 = (((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556;
    	double t_2 = (4.0 * t_0) / pow((fabs(x_45_scale) * y_45_scale), 2.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if (fabs(x_45_scale) <= 1.9e+170) {
    		tmp = (-0.25 / b) * ((a * ((fabs(x_45_scale) * fabs(x_45_scale)) * (sqrt(((8.0 * (fma(cos((t_1 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos(t_1), 4.0)))) * pow(b, 4.0))) / fabs(fabs(x_45_scale))))) / b);
    	} else {
    		tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_2) * t_0) * ((pow(b, 2.0) - sqrt(pow(b, 4.0))) / pow(fabs(x_45_scale), 2.0)))) / t_2;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)
    	t_2 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_0) / (Float64(abs(x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (abs(x_45_scale) <= 1.9e+170)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.25 / b) * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(abs(x_45_scale) * abs(x_45_scale)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(fma(cos(Float64(t_1 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt((cos(t_1) ^ 4.0)))) * (b ^ 4.0))) / abs(abs(x_45_scale))))) / b));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_2) * t_0) * Float64(Float64((b ^ 2.0) - sqrt((b ^ 4.0))) / (abs(x_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))) / t_2);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision], 1.9e+170], N[(N[(-0.25 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(t$95$1 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
    t_1 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\
    t_2 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_0}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;\left|x-scale\right| \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+170}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(\left|x-scale\right| \cdot \left|x-scale\right|\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_1}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|\left|x-scale\right|\right|}\right)}{b}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{\left(\left|x-scale\right|\right)}^{2}}}}{t\_2}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if x-scale < 1.8999999999999999e170

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      3. Applied rewrites0.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      6. Applied rewrites4.0%

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      7. Applied rewrites19.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
      8. Applied rewrites20.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{b} \]

      if 1.8999999999999999e170 < x-scale

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites0.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          5. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          6. lower-pow.f642.1%

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites2.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} - \sqrt{{b}^{4}}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 20.0% accurate, 5.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\ \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_0 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_0}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
        :precision binary64
        (let* ((t_0 (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556)))
        (*
         (/ -0.25 b)
         (/
          (*
           a
           (*
            (* x-scale x-scale)
            (/
             (sqrt
              (*
               (*
                8.0
                (-
                 (fma (cos (* t_0 2.0)) 0.5 0.5)
                 (sqrt (pow (cos t_0) 4.0))))
               (pow b 4.0)))
             (fabs x-scale))))
          b))))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556;
      	return (-0.25 / b) * ((a * ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (sqrt(((8.0 * (fma(cos((t_0 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos(t_0), 4.0)))) * pow(b, 4.0))) / fabs(x_45_scale)))) / b);
      }
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)
      	return Float64(Float64(-0.25 / b) * Float64(Float64(a * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(fma(cos(Float64(t_0 * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt((cos(t_0) ^ 4.0)))) * (b ^ 4.0))) / abs(x_45_scale)))) / b))
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(-0.25 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(t$95$0 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\\
      \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(t\_0 \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos t\_0}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{b}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      3. Applied rewrites0.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      6. Applied rewrites4.0%

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      7. Applied rewrites19.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
      8. Applied rewrites20.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|}\right)}{b} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 19.9% accurate, 7.0× speedup?

      \[\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
        :precision binary64
        (*
       (/ -0.25 b)
       (/
        (*
         (* a (* x-scale x-scale))
         (/
          (sqrt
           (*
            8.0
            (*
             (-
              (+ 0.5 0.5)
              (sqrt (pow (cos (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556)) 4.0)))
             (pow b 4.0))))
          (fabs x-scale)))
        b)))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	return (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (sqrt((8.0 * (((0.5 + 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos(((((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * pow(b, 4.0)))) / fabs(x_45_scale))) / b);
      }
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	return (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (Math.sqrt((8.0 * (((0.5 + 0.5) - Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.cos(((Math.PI * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * Math.pow(b, 4.0)))) / Math.abs(x_45_scale))) / b);
      }
      
      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
      	return (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (math.sqrt((8.0 * (((0.5 + 0.5) - math.sqrt(math.pow(math.cos(((math.pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * math.pow(b, 4.0)))) / math.fabs(x_45_scale))) / b)
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	return Float64(Float64(-0.25 / b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(8.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 + 0.5) - sqrt((cos(Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)) ^ 4.0))) * (b ^ 4.0)))) / abs(x_45_scale))) / b))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	tmp = (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (sqrt((8.0 * (((0.5 + 0.5) - sqrt((cos(((pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)) ^ 4.0))) * (b ^ 4.0)))) / abs(x_45_scale))) / b);
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(-0.25 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(a * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(8.0 * N[(N[(N[(0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      3. Applied rewrites0.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      6. Applied rewrites4.0%

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      7. Applied rewrites19.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + \frac{1}{2}\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]
      9. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites19.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\left(0.5 + 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2025210 
        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
          :name "b from scale-rotated-ellipse"
          :precision binary64
          (/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (- (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))