Distance on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 62.8% → 98.8%

Time: 37.7s

Alternatives: 33

Speedup: 1.4×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_0) t_0))))
   (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_1 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0);
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0d0))
    t_1 = (sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0d0)) ** 2.0d0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0)
    code = r * (2.0d0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0d0 - t_1))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_1 = Math.pow(Math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0);
	return R * (2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(t_1), Math.sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
}

Python

def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_1 = math.pow(math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0)
	return R * (2.0 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(t_1), math.sqrt((1.0 - t_1))))

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	t_1 = (sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0);
	tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Initial Program: 62.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_0) t_0))))
   (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_1 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0);
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0d0))
    t_1 = (sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0d0)) ** 2.0d0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0)
    code = r * (2.0d0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0d0 - t_1))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_1 = Math.pow(Math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0);
	return R * (2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(t_1), Math.sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
}

Python

def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_1 = math.pow(math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0)
	return R * (2.0 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(t_1), math.sqrt((1.0 - t_1))))

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	t_1 = (sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0);
	tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Alternative 1: 98.8% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          (pow
           (fma
            (sin (* phi1 0.5))
            (cos (* -0.5 phi2))
            (* (- (cos (* -0.5 phi1))) (sin (* phi2 0.5))))
           2.0)
          (*
           (cos phi1)
           (*
            (cos phi2)
            (pow
             (-
              (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
              (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
             2.0))))))
   (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(fma(sin((phi1 * 0.5)), cos((-0.5 * phi2)), (-cos((-0.5 * phi1)) * sin((phi2 * 0.5)))), 2.0) + (cos(phi1) * (cos(phi2) * pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0)));
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64((fma(sin(Float64(phi1 * 0.5)), cos(Float64(-0.5 * phi2)), Float64(Float64(-cos(Float64(-0.5 * phi1))) * sin(Float64(phi2 * 0.5)))) ^ 2.0) + Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(cos(phi2) * (Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0))))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))))
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[(N[Sin[N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[((-N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) * N[Sin[N[(phi2 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. div-sub N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. sin-diff N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    6. lower--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    7. mult-flip-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    8. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    9. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    10. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    12. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    14. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    15. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    16. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    17. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    18. mult-flip-rev N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    19. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    20. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    21. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    24. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    25. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

11. Applied rewrites 78.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. div-sub N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. sin-diff N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    6. lower--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    7. mult-flip-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    8. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    9. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    10. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    12. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    14. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    15. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    16. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    17. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    18. mult-flip-rev N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    19. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    20. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    21. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    24. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    25. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

13. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
14. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. fp-cancel-sub-sign-inv N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    6. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    7. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    8. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    10. cos-neg-rev N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    11. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    12. distribute-rgt-neg-out N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    13. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    14. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    15. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    16. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    17. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

15. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
16. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. fp-cancel-sub-sign-inv N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    6. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    7. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    8. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    10. cos-neg-rev N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    11. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    12. distribute-rgt-neg-out N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    13. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    14. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    15. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    16. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    17. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

17. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

18. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
19. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

20. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

21. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
22. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

23. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
24. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.8% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (fma
          (cos phi1)
          (*
           (cos phi2)
           (pow
            (-
             (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
             (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
            2.0))
          (pow
           (-
            (* (cos (* 0.5 phi2)) (sin (* 0.5 phi1)))
            (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* 0.5 phi2))))
           2.0))))
   (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fma(cos(phi1), (cos(phi2) * pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0)), pow(((cos((0.5 * phi2)) * sin((0.5 * phi1))) - (cos((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((0.5 * phi2)))), 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = fma(cos(phi1), Float64(cos(phi2) * (Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0)), (Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * phi2)))) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))))
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. div-sub N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. sin-diff N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    6. lower--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    7. mult-flip-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    8. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    9. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    10. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    12. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    14. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    15. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    16. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    17. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    18. mult-flip-rev N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    19. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    20. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    21. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    24. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    25. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

11. Applied rewrites 78.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    2. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    3. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    4. div-sub N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    5. sin-diff N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    6. lower--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    7. mult-flip-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    8. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    9. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    10. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    12. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    14. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    15. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    16. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    17. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    18. mult-flip-rev N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    19. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    20. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    21. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    24. mult-flip N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

    25. metadata-eval N/A

        \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

13. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

14. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
15. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

16. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

17. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
18. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

19. Applied rewrites 98.8%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
20. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 88.7% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)\\ t_3 := {\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.7:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (*
           (cos phi1)
           (pow
            (-
             (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
             (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
            2.0))))
        (t_1 (sin (* phi2 0.5)))
        (t_2
         (+
          (pow
           (fma
            (sin (* phi1 0.5))
            (cos (* -0.5 phi2))
            (* (- (cos (* -0.5 phi1))) t_1))
           2.0)
          (*
           (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))
           (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5))))))))
        (t_3
         (+
          (pow
           (-
            (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (cos (* phi2 0.5)))
            (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) t_1))
           2.0)
          (*
           (* (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5) (cos phi1))
           (cos phi2)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))))
     (if (<= phi2 1.7)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (cos(phi1) * pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0));
	double t_1 = sin((phi2 * 0.5));
	double t_2 = pow(fma(sin((phi1 * 0.5)), cos((-0.5 * phi2)), (-cos((-0.5 * phi1)) * t_1)), 2.0) + ((cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)) * (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * ((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))))));
	double t_3 = pow(((sin((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((phi2 * 0.5))) - (cos((0.5 * phi1)) * t_1)), 2.0) + ((fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)) * cos(phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 1.7) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(cos(phi1) * (Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0)))
	t_1 = sin(Float64(phi2 * 0.5))
	t_2 = Float64((fma(sin(Float64(phi1 * 0.5)), cos(Float64(-0.5 * phi2)), Float64(Float64(-cos(Float64(-0.5 * phi1))) * t_1)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)) * Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5)))))))
	t_3 = Float64((Float64(Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * cos(Float64(phi2 * 0.5))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)) * cos(phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 1.7)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(phi2 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Power[N[(N[Sin[N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[((-N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Power[N[(N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(phi2 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 1.7], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 78.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Applied rewrites 98.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 76.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 76.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 1.7

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 64.1%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 61.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

   if 1.7 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 78.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Applied rewrites 98.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. fp-cancel-sub-sign-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. cos-neg-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. distribute-rgt-neg-out N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 98.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. fp-cancel-sub-sign-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. cos-neg-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. distribute-rgt-neg-out N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}\right), \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right), \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 98.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 76.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 76.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5\right), \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right), \left(-\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 88.7% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := {\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ t_2 := R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.7:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (*
           (cos phi1)
           (pow
            (-
             (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
             (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
            2.0))))
        (t_1
         (+
          (pow
           (-
            (* (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) (cos (* phi2 0.5)))
            (* (cos (* 0.5 phi1)) (sin (* phi2 0.5))))
           2.0)
          (*
           (* (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5) (cos phi1))
           (cos phi2))))
        (t_2 (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     t_2
     (if (<= phi2 1.7)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))
       t_2))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (cos(phi1) * pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0));
	double t_1 = pow(((sin((0.5 * phi1)) * cos((phi2 * 0.5))) - (cos((0.5 * phi1)) * sin((phi2 * 0.5)))), 2.0) + ((fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)) * cos(phi2));
	double t_2 = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (phi2 <= 1.7) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(cos(phi1) * (Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0)))
	t_1 = Float64((Float64(Float64(sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * cos(Float64(phi2 * 0.5))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) * sin(Float64(phi2 * 0.5)))) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)) * cos(phi2)))
	t_2 = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (phi2 <= 1.7)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Power[N[(N[(N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(phi2 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(phi2 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[phi2, 1.7], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5 or 1.7 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 78.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Applied rewrites 98.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 76.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 76.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 1.7

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 64.1%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 61.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 78.7% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, t\_0, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\\ t_3 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_0\\ t_4 := \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.95:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_4 \cdot \cos \phi_2, t\_4, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2, -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2, 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (pow
          (-
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
          2.0))
        (t_1 (fma (cos phi2) t_0 (- 0.5 (* (cos (* -1.0 phi2)) 0.5))))
        (t_2 (fma (cos phi2) (cos phi1) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
        (t_3 (+ (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0) (* (cos phi1) t_0)))
        (t_4 (sin (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))
     (if (<= phi2 1.95)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))))
       (*
        (*
         (atan2
          (sqrt (fma (* t_4 (cos phi2)) t_4 (fma t_2 -0.5 0.5)))
          (sqrt
           (fma
            (fma (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5 -0.5)
            (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))
            (fma t_2 0.5 0.5))))
         2.0)
        R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0);
	double t_1 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, (0.5 - (cos((-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)));
	double t_2 = fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), (sin(phi2) * sin(phi1)));
	double t_3 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (cos(phi1) * t_0);
	double t_4 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 1.95) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma((t_4 * cos(phi2)), t_4, fma(t_2, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5), (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), fma(t_2, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0
	t_1 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)))
	t_2 = fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), Float64(sin(phi2) * sin(phi1)))
	t_3 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(cos(phi1) * t_0))
	t_4 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 1.95)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(Float64(t_4 * cos(phi2)), t_4, fma(t_2, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5), Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), fma(t_2, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(-1.0 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 1.95], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$4 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$4 + N[(t$95$2 * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$2 * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   18. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   20. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   22. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

   23. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 1.95

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 64.1%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 61.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

   if 1.95 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      2. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      3. cos-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      4. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      6. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      9. lower-sin.f64 51.7%

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   10. Applied rewrites 51.7%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       2. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       3. cos-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       4. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       6. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       9. lower-sin.f64 57.3%

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 77.2% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, t\_0, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)\\ t_3 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\\ t_4 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, t\_0, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -4.1 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_4}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_4}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.95:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2, t\_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_3, -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_3, 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (pow
          (-
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
          2.0))
        (t_1 (sin (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))
        (t_2 (fma (cos phi1) t_0 (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
        (t_3 (fma (cos phi2) (cos phi1) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1))))
        (t_4 (fma (cos phi2) t_0 (pow (sin (* -0.5 phi2)) 2.0))))
   (if (<= phi2 -4.1e-23)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_4) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_4)))))
     (if (<= phi2 1.95)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
       (*
        (*
         (atan2
          (sqrt (fma (* t_1 (cos phi2)) t_1 (fma t_3 -0.5 0.5)))
          (sqrt
           (fma
            (fma (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5 -0.5)
            (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))
            (fma t_3 0.5 0.5))))
         2.0)
        R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0);
	double t_1 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5));
	double t_2 = fma(cos(phi1), t_0, pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0));
	double t_3 = fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), (sin(phi2) * sin(phi1)));
	double t_4 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, pow(sin((-0.5 * phi2)), 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -4.1e-23) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_4), sqrt((1.0 - t_4))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 1.95) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma((t_1 * cos(phi2)), t_1, fma(t_3, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5), (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), fma(t_3, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0
	t_1 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))
	t_2 = fma(cos(phi1), t_0, (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))
	t_3 = fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), Float64(sin(phi2) * sin(phi1)))
	t_4 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, (sin(Float64(-0.5 * phi2)) ^ 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -4.1e-23)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_4), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_4)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 1.95)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(Float64(t_1 * cos(phi2)), t_1, fma(t_3, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5), Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), fma(t_3, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -4.1e-23], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$4], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$4), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 1.95], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1 + N[(t$95$3 * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$3 * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -4.1000000000000003e-23

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   if -4.1000000000000003e-23 < phi2 < 1.95

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 1.95 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      2. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      3. cos-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      4. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      6. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

      9. lower-sin.f64 51.7%

         \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   10. Applied rewrites 51.7%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       2. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       3. cos-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       4. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       6. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       9. lower-sin.f64 57.3%

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}, 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 77.1% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, t\_0, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, t\_0, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)\\ t_3 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, t\_0, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -4.1 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.95:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (pow
          (-
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
          2.0))
        (t_1 (fma (cos phi2) t_0 (- 0.5 (* (cos (* -1.0 phi2)) 0.5))))
        (t_2 (fma (cos phi1) t_0 (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
        (t_3 (fma (cos phi2) t_0 (pow (sin (* -0.5 phi2)) 2.0))))
   (if (<= phi2 -4.1e-23)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))))
     (if (<= phi2 1.95)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0);
	double t_1 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, (0.5 - (cos((-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)));
	double t_2 = fma(cos(phi1), t_0, pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0));
	double t_3 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, pow(sin((-0.5 * phi2)), 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -4.1e-23) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 1.95) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0
	t_1 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)))
	t_2 = fma(cos(phi1), t_0, (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))
	t_3 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, (sin(Float64(-0.5 * phi2)) ^ 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -4.1e-23)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 1.95)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(-1.0 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -4.1e-23], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 1.95], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -4.1000000000000003e-23

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   if -4.1000000000000003e-23 < phi2 < 1.95

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 1.95 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   18. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   20. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   22. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

   23. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 76.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, t\_0, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, t\_0, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_3 := R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.95:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (pow
          (-
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
           (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
          2.0))
        (t_1 (fma (cos phi1) t_0 (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
        (t_2 (fma (cos phi2) t_0 (- 0.5 (* (cos (* -1.0 phi2)) 0.5))))
        (t_3 (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     t_3
     (if (<= phi2 1.95)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))
       t_3))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0);
	double t_1 = fma(cos(phi1), t_0, pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0));
	double t_2 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, (0.5 - (cos((-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)));
	double t_3 = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else if (phi2 <= 1.95) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_3;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0
	t_1 = fma(cos(phi1), t_0, (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))
	t_2 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)))
	t_3 = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = t_3;
	elseif (phi2 <= 1.95)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))));
	else
		tmp = t_3;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(-1.0 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[phi2, 1.95], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$3]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5 or 1.95 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   18. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   20. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   22. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

   23. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 1.95

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 70.6% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -2.05 \cdot 10^{-68}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 1.08 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (fma
          (cos phi2)
          (pow
           (-
            (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda2)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda1)))
            (* (cos (* 0.5 lambda1)) (sin (* 0.5 lambda2))))
           2.0)
          (- 0.5 (* (cos (* -1.0 phi2)) 0.5))))
        (t_1 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (*
          R
          (*
           2.0
           (atan2
            (sqrt
             (+
              (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
              (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_1) t_1)))
            (sqrt
             (-
              (+
               0.5
               (* 0.5 (fma (cos phi2) (cos phi1) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
              (*
               (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
               (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))))))))))
   (if (<= phi1 -2.05e-68)
     t_2
     (if (<= phi1 1.08e-54)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))
       t_2))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fma(cos(phi2), pow(((cos((0.5 * lambda2)) * sin((0.5 * lambda1))) - (cos((0.5 * lambda1)) * sin((0.5 * lambda2)))), 2.0), (0.5 - (cos((-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)));
	double t_1 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_2 = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), (sin(phi2) * sin(phi1))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -2.05e-68) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (phi1 <= 1.08e-54) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = fma(cos(phi2), (Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda1))) - Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * lambda1)) * sin(Float64(0.5 * lambda2)))) ^ 2.0), Float64(0.5 - Float64(cos(Float64(-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5)))
	t_1 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1))), sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), Float64(sin(phi2) * sin(phi1))))) - Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))))))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -2.05e-68)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (phi1 <= 1.08e-54)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(N[Cos[N[(-1.0 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi1, -2.05e-68], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[phi1, 1.08e-54], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if phi1 < -2.0500000000000001e-68 or 1.08e-54 < phi1

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. cos-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      7. *-lft-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      9. sub-negate-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      10. cos-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      13. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      14. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-sin.f64 63.8%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   if -2.0500000000000001e-68 < phi1 < 1.08e-54

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   18. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   20. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   22. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \cos \left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]

   23. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 63.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))
   (*
    R
    (*
     2.0
     (atan2
      (sqrt
       (+
        (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
        (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_0) t_0)))
      (sqrt
       (-
        (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (fma (cos phi2) (cos phi1) (* (sin phi2) (sin phi1)))))
        (*
         (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
         (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), (sin(phi2) * sin(phi1))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * fma(cos(phi2), cos(phi1), Float64(sin(phi2) * sin(phi1))))) - Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))))))))
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   2. cos-neg-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   5. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   7. *-lft-identity N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   9. sub-negate-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   10. cos-diff N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lift-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot \cos \phi_1 + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} + \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   13. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   14. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{\sin \phi_2} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-sin.f64 63.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 63.8%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 63.4% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_2 := \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_3 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2 \cdot \cos \phi_2, t\_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot t\_1 - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (* (cos phi1) (pow (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2.0))))
        (t_1 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_2 (sin (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))
        (t_3
         (-
          (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2)))))
          (* (fma t_1 0.5 -0.5) (cos phi2)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))
       (*
        (*
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (fma (* t_2 (cos phi2)) t_2 (fma (cos (- phi2 phi1)) -0.5 0.5)))
          (sqrt
           (+ 0.5 (fma 0.5 (cos phi2) (* (cos phi2) (- (* 0.5 t_1) 0.5))))))
         2.0)
        R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (cos(phi1) * pow(sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))), 2.0));
	double t_1 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_2 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5));
	double t_3 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))) - (fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma((t_2 * cos(phi2)), t_2, fma(cos((phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt((0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), (cos(phi2) * ((0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(cos(phi1) * (sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))) ^ 2.0)))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_2 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))) - Float64(fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(Float64(t_2 * cos(phi2)), t_2, fma(cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(Float64(0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), Float64(cos(phi2) * Float64(Float64(0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(t$95$1 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$2 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2 + N[(N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(0.5 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 53.7%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 53.7%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 51.6%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 51.6%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2}, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       4. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       9. lower--.f64 46.5%

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   11. Applied rewrites 46.5%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 63.3% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.072:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {t\_0}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))))
        (t_1 (fma (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5 -0.5))
        (t_2
         (- (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1))))) (* t_1 (cos phi1)))))
   (if (<= phi1 -0.072)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
     (if (<= phi1 0.5)
       (*
        R
        (*
         2.0
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (+
            (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
            (* (* (cos phi2) t_0) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))))
          (sqrt
           (-
            (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (- phi2))))
            (* (cos phi2) (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))))))
       (*
        (*
         (atan2
          (sqrt (+ 0.5 (fma -0.5 (cos (- phi1)) (* (cos phi1) (pow t_0 2.0)))))
          (sqrt
           (fma
            t_1
            (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))
            (fma (cos (- phi2 phi1)) 0.5 0.5))))
         2.0)
        R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)));
	double t_1 = fma(cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5);
	double t_2 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))) - (t_1 * cos(phi1));
	double tmp;
	if (phi1 <= -0.072) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else if (phi1 <= 0.5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + ((cos(phi2) * t_0) * sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos(-phi2))) - (cos(phi2) * (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt((0.5 + fma(-0.5, cos(-phi1), (cos(phi1) * pow(t_0, 2.0))))), sqrt(fma(t_1, (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), fma(cos((phi2 - phi1)), 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))
	t_1 = fma(cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5)
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1))))) - Float64(t_1 * cos(phi1)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi1 <= -0.072)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	elseif (phi1 <= 0.5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi2) * t_0) * sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))))), sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(-phi2)))) - Float64(cos(phi2) * Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(Float64(0.5 + fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(-phi1)), Float64(cos(phi1) * (t_0 ^ 2.0))))), sqrt(fma(t_1, Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), fma(cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1)), 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi1, -0.072], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi1, 0.5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[(-phi2)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[(-phi1)], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$1 * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi1 < -0.071999999999999995

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 43.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -0.071999999999999995 < phi1 < 0.5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-neg.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower--.f64 48.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 48.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(-\phi_2\right)\right) - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 0.5 < phi1

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1\right)\right)}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\phi_1\right)\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       4. lower-neg.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       5. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       6. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       9. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{-1}{2}\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       10. lower--.f64 42.9%

           \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   11. Applied rewrites 42.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(-\phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 63.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))
   (*
    R
    (*
     2.0
     (atan2
      (sqrt
       (+
        (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
        (* (* (* (+ (cos (+ phi2 phi1)) (cos (- phi2 phi1))) 0.5) t_0) t_0)))
      (sqrt
       (-
        (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- phi1 phi2))))))
        (*
         (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
         (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + ((((cos((phi2 + phi1)) + cos((phi2 - phi1))) * 0.5) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0d0))
    code = r * (2.0d0 * atan2(sqrt(((sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0d0)) ** 2.0d0) + ((((cos((phi2 + phi1)) + cos((phi2 - phi1))) * 0.5d0) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((0.5d0 + (0.5d0 * cos((2.0d0 * (0.5d0 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5d0 - (0.5d0 * cos((2.0d0 * (0.5d0 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((Math.pow(Math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + ((((Math.cos((phi2 + phi1)) + Math.cos((phi2 - phi1))) * 0.5) * t_0) * t_0))), Math.sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * Math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos(phi1)))))));
}

Python

def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	return R * (2.0 * math.atan2(math.sqrt((math.pow(math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + ((((math.cos((phi2 + phi1)) + math.cos((phi2 - phi1))) * 0.5) * t_0) * t_0))), math.sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(phi1)))))))

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(phi2 + phi1)) + cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1))) * 0.5) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(phi1 - phi2)))))) - Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(((sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + ((((cos((phi2 + phi1)) + cos((phi2 - phi1))) * 0.5) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(phi2 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   4. cos-mult N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}{2}} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   5. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)} + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)} + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)} + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   13. cos-neg-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   14. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lift--.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   16. sub-negate-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower--.f64 63.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 63.3%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 63.0% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left|\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right|\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1\\ t_3 := \sqrt{t\_2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}} \leq 0.15:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (fabs
          (fma
           (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
           (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))
           (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- phi1 phi2)))))))))
        (t_1 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_1) t_1)))
        (t_3 (sqrt t_2)))
   (if (<= (* 2.0 (atan2 t_3 (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))) 0.15)
     (*
      R
      (*
       2.0
       (atan2
        t_3
        (sqrt
         (-
          (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos phi1)))
          (* (cos phi1) (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))))))
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fabs(fma((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))), (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2))))))));
	double t_1 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_2 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1);
	double t_3 = sqrt(t_2);
	double tmp;
	if ((2.0 * atan2(t_3, sqrt((1.0 - t_2)))) <= 0.15) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(t_3, sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos(phi1))) - (cos(phi1) * (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = abs(fma(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))), Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(phi1 - phi2))))))))
	t_1 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1))
	t_3 = sqrt(t_2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(2.0 * atan(t_3, sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))) <= 0.15)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(t_3, sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(phi1))) - Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Abs[N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[t$95$3 / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.15], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[t$95$3 / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (atan2.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64))))))))) < 0.14999999999999999

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. lower--.f64 49.3%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 49.3%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 0.14999999999999999 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (atan2.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))))))

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 58.1%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left|\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right|}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 58.1%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left|\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right|}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left|\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right)\right|}}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 62.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\\ t_1 := 0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_2 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ t_3 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2}\\ t_4 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_5 := \cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot t\_2 \leq 0.006:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin t\_1}^{2}}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot t\_1\right)\right) \cdot t\_0}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_4, 0.5\right), t\_0, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_5, -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_4, 0.5, -0.5\right), t\_0, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_5, 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1)))
        (t_1 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2)))
        (t_2 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
        (t_3 (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0))
        (t_4 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_5 (cos (- phi2 phi1))))
   (if (<= (+ t_3 (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_2) t_2)) 0.006)
     (*
      R
      (*
       2.0
       (atan2
        (sqrt (+ t_3 (* (cos phi1) (pow (sin t_1) 2.0))))
        (sqrt
         (-
          (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- phi1 phi2))))))
          (* (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 t_1)))) t_0))))))
     (*
      (*
       (atan2
        (sqrt (fma (fma -0.5 t_4 0.5) t_0 (fma t_5 -0.5 0.5)))
        (sqrt (fma (fma t_4 0.5 -0.5) t_0 (fma t_5 0.5 0.5))))
       2.0)
      R))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos(phi1);
	double t_1 = 0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2);
	double t_2 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_3 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0);
	double t_4 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_5 = cos((phi2 - phi1));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_3 + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_2) * t_2)) <= 0.006) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((t_3 + (cos(phi1) * pow(sin(t_1), 2.0)))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * t_1)))) * t_0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma(fma(-0.5, t_4, 0.5), t_0, fma(t_5, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(t_4, 0.5, -0.5), t_0, fma(t_5, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))
	t_1 = Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))
	t_2 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_3 = sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0
	t_4 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_5 = cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_3 + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_2) * t_2)) <= 0.006)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64(t_3 + Float64(cos(phi1) * (sin(t_1) ^ 2.0)))), sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(phi1 - phi2)))))) - Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * t_1)))) * t_0))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(fma(-0.5, t_4, 0.5), t_0, fma(t_5, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(t_4, 0.5, -0.5), t_0, fma(t_5, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$3 + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.006], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$3 + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$4 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(t$95$5 * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$4 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(t$95$5 * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 0.0060000000000000001

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   if 0.0060000000000000001 < (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 78.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Applied rewrites 98.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 16: 62.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_3 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2}\\ t_4 := \cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1 \leq 0.0011:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3 + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot t\_1}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_2, 0.5\right), t\_0, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_4, -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2, 0.5, -0.5\right), t\_0, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_4, 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1)))
        (t_1 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
        (t_2 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_3 (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0))
        (t_4 (cos (- phi2 phi1))))
   (if (<= (+ t_3 (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_1) t_1)) 0.0011)
     (*
      R
      (*
       2.0
       (atan2
        (sqrt (+ t_3 (* (* (cos phi2) (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2)))) t_1)))
        (sqrt
         (-
          (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos phi1)))
          (* (cos phi1) (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))))))
     (*
      (*
       (atan2
        (sqrt (fma (fma -0.5 t_2 0.5) t_0 (fma t_4 -0.5 0.5)))
        (sqrt (fma (fma t_2 0.5 -0.5) t_0 (fma t_4 0.5 0.5))))
       2.0)
      R))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos(phi2) * cos(phi1);
	double t_1 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_2 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_3 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0);
	double t_4 = cos((phi2 - phi1));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_3 + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1)) <= 0.0011) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((t_3 + ((cos(phi2) * sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))) * t_1))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos(phi1))) - (cos(phi1) * (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma(fma(-0.5, t_2, 0.5), t_0, fma(t_4, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(t_2, 0.5, -0.5), t_0, fma(t_4, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))
	t_1 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_2 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_3 = sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0
	t_4 = cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_3 + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1)) <= 0.0011)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64(t_3 + Float64(Float64(cos(phi2) * sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))) * t_1))), sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(phi1))) - Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(fma(-0.5, t_2, 0.5), t_0, fma(t_4, -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(fma(fma(t_2, 0.5, -0.5), t_0, fma(t_4, 0.5, 0.5)))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$3 + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0011], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$3 + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$2 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(t$95$4 * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$2 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(t$95$4 * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 0.0011000000000000001

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. lower--.f64 40.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 40.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 0.0011000000000000001 < (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 78.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       2. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\phi_1 - \phi_2}}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. div-sub N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\phi_1}{2} - \frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sin-diff N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       10. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       11. lift-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       13. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       14. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       15. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       16. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       17. lower-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\phi_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       18. mult-flip-rev N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       19. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       20. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       21. lift-*.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       22. lower-cos.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       23. lower-sin.f64 N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_2}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       24. mult-flip N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       25. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Applied rewrites 98.8%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\phi_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 17: 62.9% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_2 := \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_3 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, t\_0, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -4.1 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, t\_0, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{e^{\log \left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_1, 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot 0.5}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_2 \cdot \cos \phi_2, t\_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot t\_1 - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2.0))
        (t_1 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_2 (sin (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))
        (t_3 (fma (cos phi2) t_0 (pow (sin (* -0.5 phi2)) 2.0))))
   (if (<= phi2 -4.1e-23)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (*
        R
        (*
         2.0
         (atan2
          (sqrt (fma (cos phi1) t_0 (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
          (exp
           (*
            (log
             (-
              1.0
              (fma
               (fma -0.5 t_1 0.5)
               (cos phi1)
               (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1))))))))
            0.5)))))
       (*
        (*
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (fma (* t_2 (cos phi2)) t_2 (fma (cos (- phi2 phi1)) -0.5 0.5)))
          (sqrt
           (+ 0.5 (fma 0.5 (cos phi2) (* (cos phi2) (- (* 0.5 t_1) 0.5))))))
         2.0)
        R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))), 2.0);
	double t_1 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_2 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5));
	double t_3 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, pow(sin((-0.5 * phi2)), 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -4.1e-23) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), t_0, pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0))), exp((log((1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi1), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1)))))))) * 0.5))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma((t_2 * cos(phi2)), t_2, fma(cos((phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt((0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), (cos(phi2) * ((0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))) ^ 2.0
	t_1 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_2 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))
	t_3 = fma(cos(phi2), t_0, (sin(Float64(-0.5 * phi2)) ^ 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -4.1e-23)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), t_0, (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))), exp(Float64(log(Float64(1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi1), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1)))))))) * 0.5)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(Float64(t_2 * cos(phi2)), t_2, fma(cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(Float64(0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), Float64(cos(phi2) * Float64(Float64(0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -4.1e-23], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Exp[N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$1 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$2 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2 + N[(N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(0.5 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -4.1000000000000003e-23

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.7%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.7%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 46.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   if -4.1000000000000003e-23 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 47.1%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot 0.5}}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2}, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       4. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       9. lower--.f64 46.5%

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   11. Applied rewrites 46.5%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 18: 62.9% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}}{\sqrt{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2} - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))
   (*
    R
    (*
     2.0
     (atan2
      (sqrt
       (+
        (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
        (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_0) t_0)))
      (sqrt
       (-
        (pow (cos (* 0.5 (- phi1 phi2))) 2.0)
        (*
         (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
         (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt((pow(cos((0.5 * (phi1 - phi2))), 2.0) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0d0))
    code = r * (2.0d0 * atan2(sqrt(((sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0d0)) ** 2.0d0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((cos((0.5d0 * (phi1 - phi2))) ** 2.0d0) - ((0.5d0 - (0.5d0 * cos((2.0d0 * (0.5d0 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((Math.pow(Math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), Math.sqrt((Math.pow(Math.cos((0.5 * (phi1 - phi2))), 2.0) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * Math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos(phi1)))))));
}

Python

def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	return R * (2.0 * math.atan2(math.sqrt((math.pow(math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), math.sqrt((math.pow(math.cos((0.5 * (phi1 - phi2))), 2.0) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(phi1)))))))

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(Float64((cos(Float64(0.5 * Float64(phi1 - phi2))) ^ 2.0) - Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(((sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((cos((0.5 * (phi1 - phi2))) ^ 2.0) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Cos[N[(0.5 * N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sqr-cos-a-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. pow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}} - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}} - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-cos.f64 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{{\color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}}^{2} - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 62.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)}^{2}} - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 19: 61.9% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))
   (*
    R
    (*
     2.0
     (atan2
      (sqrt
       (+
        (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
        (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_0) t_0)))
      (sqrt
       (-
        (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- phi1 phi2))))))
        (*
         (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
         (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt((pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0d0))
    code = r * (2.0d0 * atan2(sqrt(((sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0d0)) ** 2.0d0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((0.5d0 + (0.5d0 * cos((2.0d0 * (0.5d0 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5d0 - (0.5d0 * cos((2.0d0 * (0.5d0 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	return R * (2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt((Math.pow(Math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), Math.sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * Math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (Math.cos(phi2) * Math.cos(phi1)))))));
}

Python

def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	return R * (2.0 * math.atan2(math.sqrt((math.pow(math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), math.sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (math.cos(phi2) * math.cos(phi1)))))))

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(phi1 - phi2)))))) - Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(((sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_0) * t_0))), sqrt(((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (phi1 - phi2)))))) - ((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2)))))) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)))))));
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 20: 61.8% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (/
           (*
            (+ (cos (- phi2 phi1)) (cos (+ phi2 phi1)))
            (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2)))))))
           2.0))))
   (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos((phi2 - phi1)) + cos((phi2 + phi1))) * (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))))))) / 2.0);
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(r, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda2
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0d0)) ** 2.0d0) + (((cos((phi2 - phi1)) + cos((phi2 + phi1))) * (0.5d0 - (0.5d0 * cos((2.0d0 * (0.5d0 * (lambda1 - lambda2))))))) / 2.0d0)
    code = r * (2.0d0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0d0 - t_0))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow(Math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((Math.cos((phi2 - phi1)) + Math.cos((phi2 + phi1))) * (0.5 - (0.5 * Math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))))))) / 2.0);
	return R * (2.0 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(t_0), Math.sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
}

Python

def code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2):
	t_0 = math.pow(math.sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((math.cos((phi2 - phi1)) + math.cos((phi2 + phi1))) * (0.5 - (0.5 * math.cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))))))) / 2.0)
	return R * (2.0 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(t_0), math.sqrt((1.0 - t_0))))

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1)) + cos(Float64(phi2 + phi1))) * Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))))) / 2.0))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = (sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + (((cos((phi2 - phi1)) + cos((phi2 + phi1))) * (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))))))) / 2.0);
	tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[N[(phi2 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. associate-*l* N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. cos-mult N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}{2}} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 60.6%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. associate-*l* N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. cos-mult N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)}{2}} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_2\right) + \cos \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}{2}}\right)}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 61.0%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right) + \cos \left(\phi_2 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right)}{2}}\right)}}\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 21: 61.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\\ R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (*
           (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5)
           (* (cos phi2) (cos phi1))))))
   (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * (cos(phi2) * cos(phi1)));
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * Float64(cos(phi2) * cos(phi1))))
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))))
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. div-sub N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. sin-diff N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. mult-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   22. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

11. Applied rewrites 60.6%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

13. Applied rewrites 60.1%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}\right)}}\right) \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 22: 61.6% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_2 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{e^{\log \left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_1, 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot 0.5}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0 \cdot \cos \phi_2, t\_0, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot t\_1 - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))
        (t_1 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_2
         (-
          (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2)))))
          (* (fma t_1 0.5 -0.5) (cos phi2)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (*
        R
        (*
         2.0
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (fma
            (cos phi1)
            (pow (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2.0)
            (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
          (exp
           (*
            (log
             (-
              1.0
              (fma
               (fma -0.5 t_1 0.5)
               (cos phi1)
               (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1))))))))
            0.5)))))
       (*
        (*
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (fma (* t_0 (cos phi2)) t_0 (fma (cos (- phi2 phi1)) -0.5 0.5)))
          (sqrt
           (+ 0.5 (fma 0.5 (cos phi2) (* (cos phi2) (- (* 0.5 t_1) 0.5))))))
         2.0)
        R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5));
	double t_1 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_2 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))) - (fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), pow(sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))), 2.0), pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0))), exp((log((1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi1), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1)))))))) * 0.5))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma((t_0 * cos(phi2)), t_0, fma(cos((phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt((0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), (cos(phi2) * ((0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))) - Float64(fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), (sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))) ^ 2.0), (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))), exp(Float64(log(Float64(1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi1), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1)))))))) * 0.5)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(Float64(t_0 * cos(phi2)), t_0, fma(cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(Float64(0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), Float64(cos(phi2) * Float64(Float64(0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(t$95$1 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Exp[N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$1 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(0.5 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 47.1%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot 0.5}}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2}, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       4. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       9. lower--.f64 46.5%

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   11. Applied rewrites 46.5%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 23: 61.0% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_2 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_1, 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0 \cdot \cos \phi_2, t\_0, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot t\_1 - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))
        (t_1 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_2
         (-
          (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2)))))
          (* (fma t_1 0.5 -0.5) (cos phi2)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (*
        R
        (*
         2.0
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (fma
            (cos phi1)
            (pow (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2.0)
            (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
          (sqrt
           (-
            1.0
            (fma
             (fma -0.5 t_1 0.5)
             (cos phi1)
             (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1)))))))))))
       (*
        (*
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (fma (* t_0 (cos phi2)) t_0 (fma (cos (- phi2 phi1)) -0.5 0.5)))
          (sqrt
           (+ 0.5 (fma 0.5 (cos phi2) (* (cos phi2) (- (* 0.5 t_1) 0.5))))))
         2.0)
        R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5));
	double t_1 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_2 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))) - (fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), pow(sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))), 2.0), pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0))), sqrt((1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi1), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(fma((t_0 * cos(phi2)), t_0, fma(cos((phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt((0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), (cos(phi2) * ((0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))) - Float64(fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), (sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))) ^ 2.0), (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi1), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1)))))))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(Float64(t_0 * cos(phi2)), t_0, fma(cos(Float64(phi2 - phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))), sqrt(Float64(0.5 + fma(0.5, cos(phi2), Float64(cos(phi2) * Float64(Float64(0.5 * t_1) - 0.5)))))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(t$95$1 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$1 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0 + N[(N[Cos[N[(phi2 - phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(0.5 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 47.1%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 62.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower--.f64 53.8%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 53.8%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 - \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right), \cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \phi_2 + \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_2}, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       4. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

       9. lower--.f64 46.5%

          \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]

   11. Applied rewrites 46.5%

       \[\leadsto \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2, \sin \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_2 - \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \phi_2, \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right) - 0.5\right)\right)}}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 24: 60.1% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\\ t_2 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_0, 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_1
         (-
          (fma
           (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))))
           (cos phi2)
           0.5)
          (* (cos (* -1.0 phi2)) 0.5)))
        (t_2
         (-
          (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2)))))
          (* (fma t_0 0.5 -0.5) (cos phi2)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (*
        R
        (*
         2.0
         (atan2
          (sqrt
           (fma
            (cos phi1)
            (pow (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2.0)
            (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
          (sqrt
           (-
            1.0
            (fma
             (fma -0.5 t_0 0.5)
             (cos phi1)
             (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1)))))))))))
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_1 = fma((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * ((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))))), cos(phi2), 0.5) - (cos((-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5);
	double t_2 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))) - (fma(t_0, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), pow(sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))), 2.0), pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0))), sqrt((1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_0, 0.5), cos(phi1), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_1 = Float64(fma(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))))), cos(phi2), 0.5) - Float64(cos(Float64(-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))) - Float64(fma(t_0, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), (sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))) ^ 2.0), (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - fma(fma(-0.5, t_0, 0.5), cos(phi1), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1)))))))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(-1.0 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(t$95$0 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$0 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 47.1%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   18. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 25: 59.3% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, -0.5, 0.5\right), {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)\\ t_3 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (-
          (fma
           (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))))
           (cos phi2)
           0.5)
          (* (cos (* -1.0 phi2)) 0.5)))
        (t_1 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_2 (fma (cos phi1) (fma t_1 -0.5 0.5) (pow (sin (* 0.5 phi1)) 2.0)))
        (t_3
         (-
          (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2)))))
          (* (fma t_1 0.5 -0.5) (cos phi2)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fma((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * ((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))))), cos(phi2), 0.5) - (cos((-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5);
	double t_1 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_2 = fma(cos(phi1), fma(t_1, -0.5, 0.5), pow(sin((0.5 * phi1)), 2.0));
	double t_3 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))) - (fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(fma(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))))), cos(phi2), 0.5) - Float64(cos(Float64(-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_2 = fma(cos(phi1), fma(t_1, -0.5, 0.5), (sin(Float64(0.5 * phi1)) ^ 2.0))
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))) - Float64(fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi2)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(-1.0 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$1 * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(t$95$1 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sqr-sin-a-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. fp-cancel-sub-sign-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      11. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-fma.f64 44.3%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{-0.5}, 0.5\right), {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 44.3%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \color{blue}{-0.5}, 0.5\right), {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. fp-cancel-sub-sign-inv N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       10. metadata-eval N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       11. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       12. lower-fma.f64 44.3%

           \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right), \color{blue}{-0.5}, 0.5\right), {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 44.3%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \color{blue}{-0.5}, 0.5\right), {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   18. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 26: 58.1% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ t_3 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.55 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (-
          (fma
           (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* (- lambda1 lambda2) 0.5)))))
           (cos phi2)
           0.5)
          (* (cos (* -1.0 phi2)) 0.5)))
        (t_1 (fma (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5 -0.5))
        (t_2
         (- (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2))))) (* t_1 (cos phi2))))
        (t_3
         (- (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1))))) (* t_1 (cos phi1)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.55e-16)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))))
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0)))))))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fma((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * ((lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))))), cos(phi2), 0.5) - (cos((-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5);
	double t_1 = fma(cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5);
	double t_2 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))) - (t_1 * cos(phi2));
	double t_3 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))) - (t_1 * cos(phi1));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.55e-16) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3))));
	} else {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(fma(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) * 0.5))))), cos(phi2), 0.5) - Float64(cos(Float64(-1.0 * phi2)) * 0.5))
	t_1 = fma(cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5, -0.5)
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))) - Float64(t_1 * cos(phi2)))
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1))))) - Float64(t_1 * cos(phi1)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.55e-16)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(-1.0 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.55e-16], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.55e-16

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.55e-16 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 43.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right)}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   16. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   18. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

       2. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       3. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       4. lift-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       5. sqr-sin-a N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       6. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       7. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       8. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

       9. lower-*.f64 55.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 55.9%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   21. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   23. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot 0.5\right)\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(-1 \cdot \phi_2\right) \cdot 0.5}\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 27: 57.9% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_1, 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, t\_0\right)\\ t_3 := \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, 0.5, -0.5\right)\\ t_4 := t\_0 - t\_3 \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ t_5 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - t\_3 \cdot \cos \phi_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.55 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_4}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_4}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_5}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_5}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2))))))
        (t_1 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_2 (fma (fma -0.5 t_1 0.5) (cos phi2) t_0))
        (t_3 (fma t_1 0.5 -0.5))
        (t_4 (- t_0 (* t_3 (cos phi2))))
        (t_5
         (- (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1))))) (* t_3 (cos phi1)))))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.55e-16)
     (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_4) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_4)))))
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_5) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_5)))))
       (* (* (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2))) 2.0) R)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = 0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))));
	double t_1 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_2 = fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi2), t_0);
	double t_3 = fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5);
	double t_4 = t_0 - (t_3 * cos(phi2));
	double t_5 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))) - (t_3 * cos(phi1));
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.55e-16) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_4), sqrt((1.0 - t_4))));
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_5), sqrt((1.0 - t_5))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2)))))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_2 = fma(fma(-0.5, t_1, 0.5), cos(phi2), t_0)
	t_3 = fma(t_1, 0.5, -0.5)
	t_4 = Float64(t_0 - Float64(t_3 * cos(phi2)))
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1))))) - Float64(t_3 * cos(phi1)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.55e-16)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_4), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_4)))));
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_5), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_5)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$1 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(t$95$1 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(t$95$0 - N[(t$95$3 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t$95$3 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.55e-16], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$4], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$4), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$5], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.55e-16

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. Applied rewrites 42.6%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}\right)}}\right) \]

   if -1.55e-16 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 43.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right)}}\right) \]

   if 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 42.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 28: 57.9% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right)\\ t_1 := \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, t\_0, 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\\ t_3 := \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.55 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)))
        (t_1
         (-
          (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1)))))
          (* (fma t_0 0.5 -0.5) (cos phi1))))
        (t_2
         (fma
          (fma -0.5 t_0 0.5)
          (cos phi2)
          (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2)))))))
        (t_3 (* (* (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2))) 2.0) R)))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.55e-16)
     t_3
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1)))))
       t_3))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = cos((lambda2 - lambda1));
	double t_1 = (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))) - (fma(t_0, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi1));
	double t_2 = fma(fma(-0.5, t_0, 0.5), cos(phi2), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))));
	double t_3 = (atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R;
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.55e-16) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_3;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1))))) - Float64(fma(t_0, 0.5, -0.5) * cos(phi1)))
	t_2 = fma(fma(-0.5, t_0, 0.5), cos(phi2), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))))
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.55e-16)
		tmp = t_3;
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1)))));
	else
		tmp = t_3;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(t$95$0 * 0.5 + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-0.5 * t$95$0 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.55e-16], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$3]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.55e-16 or 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 42.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]

   if -1.55e-16 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 43.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 43.0%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5, -0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 29: 57.9% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)\\ t_3 := \left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_1}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_1}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5))
        (t_1 (fma t_0 (cos phi1) (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1)))))))
        (t_2 (fma t_0 (cos phi2) (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* -0.5 phi2)))))))
        (t_3 (* (* (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2))) 2.0) R)))
   (if (<= phi2 -1.9e-5)
     t_3
     (if (<= phi2 2e-22)
       (* (* (atan2 (sqrt t_1) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_1))) 2.0) R)
       t_3))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5);
	double t_1 = fma(t_0, cos(phi1), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))));
	double t_2 = fma(t_0, cos(phi2), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (-0.5 * phi2))))));
	double t_3 = (atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R;
	double tmp;
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else if (phi2 <= 2e-22) {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(t_1), sqrt((1.0 - t_1))) * 2.0) * R;
	} else {
		tmp = t_3;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5)
	t_1 = fma(t_0, cos(phi1), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1))))))
	t_2 = fma(t_0, cos(phi2), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(-0.5 * phi2))))))
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (phi2 <= -1.9e-5)
		tmp = t_3;
	elseif (phi2 <= 2e-22)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(t_1), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_1))) * 2.0) * R);
	else
		tmp = t_3;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(-0.5 * phi2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi2, -1.9e-5], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[phi2, 2e-22], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision], t$95$3]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if phi2 < -1.9000000000000001e-5 or 2.0000000000000001e-22 < phi2

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 61.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 61.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 63.2%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 63.0%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 63.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. div-sub N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2} - \frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. sin-diff N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. mult-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} - \cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\lambda_1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      19. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-sin.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\lambda_2}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      22. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      23. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      24. lower-*.f64 77.9%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 77.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_2 \cdot 0.5\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   14. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, \color{blue}{{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 57.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_2, {\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) - \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   17. Applied rewrites 42.7%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_2, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]

   if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < phi2 < 2.0000000000000001e-22

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 43.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 30: 46.7% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\\ t_3 := {\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_3}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_3}} \leq 0.05:\\ \;\;\;\;R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, t\_0 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_2}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_2}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5))
        (t_1 (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0)))
        (t_2 (fma t_0 (cos phi1) (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 phi1)))))))
        (t_3
         (+
          (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0)
          (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) t_1) t_1))))
   (if (<= (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt t_3) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_3)))) 0.05)
     (*
      R
      (*
       2.0
       (atan2
        (sqrt
         (fma
          (cos phi1)
          (pow (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2.0)
          (pow (* 0.5 phi1) 2.0)))
        (sqrt (- 1.0 (fma (* phi1 0.5) (* phi1 0.5) (* t_0 (cos phi1))))))))
     (* (* (atan2 (sqrt t_2) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_2))) 2.0) R))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5);
	double t_1 = sin(((lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0));
	double t_2 = fma(t_0, cos(phi1), (0.5 - (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * phi1))))));
	double t_3 = pow(sin(((phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)), 2.0) + (((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1);
	double tmp;
	if ((2.0 * atan2(sqrt(t_3), sqrt((1.0 - t_3)))) <= 0.05) {
		tmp = R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), pow(sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))), 2.0), pow((0.5 * phi1), 2.0))), sqrt((1.0 - fma((phi1 * 0.5), (phi1 * 0.5), (t_0 * cos(phi1)))))));
	} else {
		tmp = (atan2(sqrt(t_2), sqrt((1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5)
	t_1 = sin(Float64(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2) / 2.0))
	t_2 = fma(t_0, cos(phi1), Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * phi1))))))
	t_3 = Float64((sin(Float64(Float64(phi1 - phi2) / 2.0)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * t_1) * t_1))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(t_3), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_3)))) <= 0.05)
		tmp = Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), (sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))) ^ 2.0), (Float64(0.5 * phi1) ^ 2.0))), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - fma(Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(t_0 * cos(phi1))))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(atan(sqrt(t_2), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_2))) * 2.0) * R);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[N[(N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Power[N[Sin[N[(N[(phi1 - phi2), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$3], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.05], N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$0 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$2], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (atan2.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64))))))))) < 0.050000000000000003

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   8. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 31.7%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   10. Applied rewrites 31.7%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f64 22.2%

          \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. Applied rewrites 22.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   15. Applied rewrites 22.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}}\right) \]

   if 0.050000000000000003 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (atan2.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (+.f64 (pow.f64 (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 phi1 phi2) #s(literal 2 binary64))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 phi2)) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 lambda1 lambda2) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))))))

   1. Initial program 62.8%

      \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

         \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 43.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right), \cos \phi_1, 0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot 2\right) \cdot R} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 31: 27.5% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{{\left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}^{0.5}}\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  R
  (*
   2.0
   (atan2
    (sqrt
     (fma
      (cos phi1)
      (pow (sin (* 0.5 (- lambda1 lambda2))) 2.0)
      (pow (* 0.5 phi1) 2.0)))
    (pow
     (-
      1.0
      (fma
       (* phi1 0.5)
       (* phi1 0.5)
       (* (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5) (cos phi1))))
     0.5)))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return R * (2.0 * atan2(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), pow(sin((0.5 * (lambda1 - lambda2))), 2.0), pow((0.5 * phi1), 2.0))), pow((1.0 - fma((phi1 * 0.5), (phi1 * 0.5), (fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)))), 0.5)));
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(R * Float64(2.0 * atan(sqrt(fma(cos(phi1), (sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))) ^ 2.0), (Float64(0.5 * phi1) ^ 2.0))), (Float64(1.0 - fma(Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)))) ^ 0.5))))
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(R * N[(2.0 * N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

8. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f64 31.7%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 31.7%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

11. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f64 22.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

13. Applied rewrites 22.2%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

15. Applied rewrites 27.5%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}^{0.5}}}\right) \]
16. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 32: 24.8% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{{\left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1, 0.5 \cdot \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), -0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (atan2
   (sqrt
    (fma
     (* phi1 0.5)
     (* phi1 0.5)
     (* (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5) (cos phi1))))
   (pow
    (-
     1.0
     (fma
      (* 0.5 phi1)
      (* 0.5 phi1)
      (* (fma (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)) -0.5 0.5) (cos phi1))))
    0.5))
  (* 2.0 R)))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return atan2(sqrt(fma((phi1 * 0.5), (phi1 * 0.5), (fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)))), pow((1.0 - fma((0.5 * phi1), (0.5 * phi1), (fma(cos((lambda1 - lambda2)), -0.5, 0.5) * cos(phi1)))), 0.5)) * (2.0 * R);
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(atan(sqrt(fma(Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * cos(phi1)))), (Float64(1.0 - fma(Float64(0.5 * phi1), Float64(0.5 * phi1), Float64(fma(cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)), -0.5, 0.5) * cos(phi1)))) ^ 0.5)) * Float64(2.0 * R))
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 * phi1), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(2.0 * R), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

8. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f64 31.7%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 31.7%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

11. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f64 22.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

13. Applied rewrites 22.2%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

15. Applied rewrites 19.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right)} \]
16. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

    2. pow1/2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

    3. lower-pow.f64 24.8%

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}^{0.5}}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

17. Applied rewrites 24.8%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1, 0.5 \cdot \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right), -0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}^{0.5}}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]
18. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 33: 19.5% accurate, 2.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)\\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{t\_0}}{\sqrt{1 - t\_0}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (fma
          (* phi1 0.5)
          (* phi1 0.5)
          (*
           (fma -0.5 (cos (- lambda2 lambda1)) 0.5)
           (+ 1.0 (* -0.5 (pow phi1 2.0)))))))
   (* (atan2 (sqrt t_0) (sqrt (- 1.0 t_0))) (* 2.0 R))))

C

double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	double t_0 = fma((phi1 * 0.5), (phi1 * 0.5), (fma(-0.5, cos((lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * (1.0 + (-0.5 * pow(phi1, 2.0)))));
	return atan2(sqrt(t_0), sqrt((1.0 - t_0))) * (2.0 * R);
}

Julia

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	t_0 = fma(Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(phi1 * 0.5), Float64(fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(lambda2 - lambda1)), 0.5) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(-0.5 * (phi1 ^ 2.0)))))
	return Float64(atan(sqrt(t_0), sqrt(Float64(1.0 - t_0))) * Float64(2.0 * R))
end

Wolfram

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(phi1 * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(lambda2 - lambda1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(-0.5 * N[Power[phi1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[ArcTan[N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(2.0 * R), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Initial program 62.8%

   \[R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{{\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 46.9%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 46.9%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\sin \left(\frac{\phi_1 - \phi_2}{2}\right)}^{2} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\lambda_1 - \lambda_2}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

5. Taylor expanded in phi2 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   2. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   3. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   4. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   6. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lower-sin.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 47.0%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 47.0%

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}}\right) \]

8. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

   \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f64 31.7%

      \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 31.7%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

11. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f64 22.2%

       \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

13. Applied rewrites 22.2%

    \[\leadsto R \cdot \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}^{2}, {\left(0.5 \cdot \phi_1\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

15. Applied rewrites 19.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right)} \]

16. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]
17. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

    2. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

    3. lower-pow.f64 19.5%

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

18. Applied rewrites 19.5%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

19. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]
20. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

    2. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

    3. lower-pow.f64 19.5%

       \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]

21. Applied rewrites 19.5%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\sqrt{1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot 0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1\right), 0.5\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.5 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}} \cdot \left(2 \cdot R\right) \]
22. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025191 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Distance on a great circle"
  :precision binary64
  (* R (* 2.0 (atan2 (sqrt (+ (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0) (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (+ (pow (sin (/ (- phi1 phi2) 2.0)) 2.0) (* (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))) (sin (/ (- lambda1 lambda2) 2.0))))))))))