UniformSampleCone, y

Percentage Accurate: 57.9% → 98.4%

Time: 5.9s

Alternatives: 11

Speedup: 3.3×

Specification

\[\left(\left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\\ \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos))))
   (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = (1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos);
	return sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos))
	return Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = (single(1.0) - ux) + (ux * maxCos);
	tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
end

Initial Program: 57.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\\ \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos))))
   (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = (1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos);
	return sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos))
	return Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = (single(1.0) - ux) + (ux * maxCos);
	tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
end

Alternative 1: 98.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sqrt (* (- (* maxCos ux) ux) (+ (- -1.0 (fma maxCos ux 1.0)) ux)))
  (sin (* PI (+ uy uy)))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return sqrtf((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * ((-1.0f - fmaf(maxCos, ux, 1.0f)) + ux))) * sinf((((float) M_PI) * (uy + uy)));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) - ux) * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) - fma(maxCos, ux, Float32(1.0))) + ux))) * sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy + uy))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   2. sub-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-2} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - 1\right)} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. associate--r- N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(1 - \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   7. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   8. associate--r- N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   9. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   10. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   11. lift--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   12. associate-+r- N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right) - ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   13. associate--r- N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   14. lower-+.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   15. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right)} + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   16. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux} + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   17. lower-fma.f32 98.4%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)}\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   2. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   3. --rgt-identity N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. sub-negate-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. lower--.f32 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 2\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sqrt (* (- (* maxCos ux) ux) (- ux (fma maxCos ux 2.0))))
  (sin (* PI (+ uy uy)))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return sqrtf((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * (ux - fmaf(maxCos, ux, 2.0f)))) * sinf((((float) M_PI) * (uy + uy)));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) - ux) * Float32(ux - fma(maxCos, ux, Float32(2.0))))) * sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy + uy))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   2. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   3. --rgt-identity N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. sub-negate-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. lower--.f32 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   7. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   8. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)} - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   9. associate--l- N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 2\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   10. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 2\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   11. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux - \left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux} + 2\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   12. lower-fma.f32 98.3%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 2\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 2\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.2% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (* (- (* maxCos ux) ux) (- ux 2.0))) (sin (* PI (+ uy uy)))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return sqrtf((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * (ux - 2.0f))) * sinf((((float) M_PI) * (uy + uy)));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) - ux) * Float32(ux - Float32(2.0)))) * sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy + uy))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = sqrt((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * (ux - single(2.0)))) * sin((single(pi) * (uy + uy)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   2. sub-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-2} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - 1\right)} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. associate--r- N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(1 - \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   7. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   8. associate--r- N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   9. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   10. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   11. lift--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   12. associate-+r- N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right) - ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   13. associate--r- N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   14. lower-+.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   15. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right)} + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   16. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux} + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   17. lower-fma.f32 98.4%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)}\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   2. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   3. --rgt-identity N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. sub-negate-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. lower--.f32 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower--.f32 97.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(ux - \color{blue}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 97.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 96.0% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;maxCos \leq 0.0010000000474974513:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot -2} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= maxCos 0.0010000000474974513)
   (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux))))
   (* (sqrt (* (- (* maxCos ux) ux) -2.0)) (sin (* PI (+ uy uy))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float tmp;
	if (maxCos <= 0.0010000000474974513f) {
		tmp = sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrtf((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * -2.0f)) * sinf((((float) M_PI) * (uy + uy)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (maxCos <= Float32(0.0010000000474974513))
		tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) - ux) * Float32(-2.0))) * sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy + uy))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (maxCos <= single(0.0010000000474974513))
		tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux)));
	else
		tmp = sqrt((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * single(-2.0))) * sin((single(pi) * (uy + uy)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if maxCos < 0.00100000005

   1. Initial program 57.9%

      \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      2. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      3. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1} - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

      4. sqr-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. difference-of-squares N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

      7. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      8. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

      9. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - \left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      10. sub-negate N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right) - 1\right)}\right)} \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + 1\right)}} \]

      12. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} + 1\right)} \]

      13. lift--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + ux \cdot maxCos\right) + 1\right)} \]

      14. lift-+.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} + 1\right)} \]

      15. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) + 1\right)}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1 - ux\right) - -1\right)}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 - ux\right)}} \]

      2. lower--.f32 92.3%

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 92.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}} \]

   if 0.00100000005 < maxCos

   1. Initial program 57.9%

      \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-2} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - 1\right)} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      6. associate--r- N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(1 - \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      7. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      8. associate--r- N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      9. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      11. lift--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      12. associate-+r- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right) - ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      13. associate--r- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      14. lower-+.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      15. lower--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right)} + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      16. lift-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux} + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      17. lower-fma.f32 98.4%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)}\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-neg.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      2. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      3. --rgt-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      5. sub-negate-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      6. lower--.f32 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 76.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 94.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;maxCos \leq 0.0010000000474974513:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-2 \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= maxCos 0.0010000000474974513)
   (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux))))
   (* (sqrt (* -2.0 (* ux (- maxCos 1.0)))) (sin (* PI (+ uy uy))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float tmp;
	if (maxCos <= 0.0010000000474974513f) {
		tmp = sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrtf((-2.0f * (ux * (maxCos - 1.0f)))) * sinf((((float) M_PI) * (uy + uy)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (maxCos <= Float32(0.0010000000474974513))
		tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos - Float32(1.0))))) * sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(uy + uy))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (maxCos <= single(0.0010000000474974513))
		tmp = sin(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - ux)));
	else
		tmp = sqrt((single(-2.0) * (ux * (maxCos - single(1.0))))) * sin((single(pi) * (uy + uy)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if maxCos < 0.00100000005

   1. Initial program 57.9%

      \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      2. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      3. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1} - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

      4. sqr-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. difference-of-squares N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

      7. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      8. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

      9. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - \left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      10. sub-negate N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right) - 1\right)}\right)} \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + 1\right)}} \]

      12. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} + 1\right)} \]

      13. lift--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + ux \cdot maxCos\right) + 1\right)} \]

      14. lift-+.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} + 1\right)} \]

      15. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) + 1\right)}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1 - ux\right) - -1\right)}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 - ux\right)}} \]

      2. lower--.f32 92.3%

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 92.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}} \]

   if 0.00100000005 < maxCos

   1. Initial program 57.9%

      \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos - 1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos - 1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-2 \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos - 1\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      3. lower--.f32 76.3%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{-2 \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos - \color{blue}{1}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos - 1\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 94.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.00019999999494757503:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= uy 0.00019999999494757503)
   (*
    (sqrt (* (- (* maxCos ux) ux) (+ (- -1.0 (fma maxCos ux 1.0)) ux)))
    (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))
   (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 ux))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float tmp;
	if (uy <= 0.00019999999494757503f) {
		tmp = sqrtf((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * ((-1.0f - fmaf(maxCos, ux, 1.0f)) + ux))) * (2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI)));
	} else {
		tmp = sinf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - ux)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (uy <= Float32(0.00019999999494757503))
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) - ux) * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) - fma(maxCos, ux, Float32(1.0))) + ux))) * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - ux))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if uy < 1.99999995e-4

   1. Initial program 57.9%

      \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      2. sub-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-2} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - 1\right)} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      6. associate--r- N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(1 - \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      7. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      8. associate--r- N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      9. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      11. lift--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      12. associate-+r- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right) - ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      13. associate--r- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      14. lower-+.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      15. lower--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right)} + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      16. lift-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux} + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      17. lower-fma.f32 98.4%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)}\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-neg.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      2. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      3. --rgt-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      5. sub-negate-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

      6. lower--.f32 98.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-PI.f32 81.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

   10. Applied rewrites 81.6%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]

   if 1.99999995e-4 < uy

   1. Initial program 57.9%

      \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      2. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

      3. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 \cdot 1} - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

      4. sqr-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 \cdot 1 - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. difference-of-squares N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

      7. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      8. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]

      9. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - \left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      10. sub-negate N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right) - 1\right)}\right)} \]

      11. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \left(ux - ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right) + 1\right)}} \]

      12. associate-+l- N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} + 1\right)} \]

      13. lift--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + ux \cdot maxCos\right) + 1\right)} \]

      14. lift-+.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} + 1\right)} \]

      15. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) + 1\right)}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1 - ux\right) - -1\right)}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 - ux\right)}} \]

      2. lower--.f32 92.3%

         \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 92.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 81.6% accurate, 2.2× speedup

Math

\[\sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sqrt (* (- (* maxCos ux) ux) (+ (- -1.0 (fma maxCos ux 1.0)) ux)))
  (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return sqrtf((((maxCos * ux) - ux) * ((-1.0f - fmaf(maxCos, ux, 1.0f)) + ux))) * (2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI)));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) - ux) * Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) - fma(maxCos, ux, Float32(1.0))) + ux))) * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   2. sub-flip N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   4. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-2} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - 1\right)} + \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. associate--r- N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(1 - \left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   7. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   8. associate--r- N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) + maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   9. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   10. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux + \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   11. lift--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   12. associate-+r- N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right) - ux\right)}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   13. associate--r- N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   14. lower-+.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   15. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 - \left(maxCos \cdot ux + 1\right)\right)} + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   16. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux} + 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   17. lower-fma.f32 98.4%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)}\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   2. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   3. --rgt-identity N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   5. sub-negate-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

   6. lower--.f32 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right) \]

8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \]

   3. lower-PI.f32 81.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 81.6%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(-1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux, 1\right)\right) + ux\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 81.6% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  2.0
  (* uy (* PI (sqrt (* (- ux (+ 2.0 (* maxCos ux))) (- (* maxCos ux) ux)))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return 2.0f * (uy * (((float) M_PI) * sqrtf(((ux - (2.0f + (maxCos * ux))) * ((maxCos * ux) - ux)))));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(pi) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(ux - Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(maxCos * ux))) * Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) - ux))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = single(2.0) * (uy * (single(pi) * sqrt(((ux - (single(2.0) + (maxCos * ux))) * ((maxCos * ux) - ux)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 57.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)} \]

3. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(-\left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 0\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux - maxCos \cdot ux\right) - 2\right)} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(uy + uy\right)\right)} \]

4. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}}\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-PI.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}}\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

   8. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

   10. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

   11. lower-*.f32 81.6%

       \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

6. Applied rewrites 81.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\left(ux - \left(2 + maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux - ux\right)}\right)\right)} \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 77.3% accurate, 3.2× speedup

Math

\[\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 + -1 \cdot ux\right)} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* 2.0 (* uy PI)) (sqrt (* ux (+ 2.0 (* -1.0 ux))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f + (-1.0f * ux))));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) * ux)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (single(2.0) * (uy * single(pi))) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) + (single(-1.0) * ux))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   3. lower-PI.f32 50.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 50.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   2. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{2 \cdot maxCos}\right)} \]

   3. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{2} \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   6. lower-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   8. lower-*.f32 81.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{maxCos}\right)} \]

7. Applied rewrites 81.6%

   \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(\left(2 + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot ux}\right)} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 + -1 \cdot \color{blue}{ux}\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 77.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 + -1 \cdot ux\right)} \]

10. Applied rewrites 77.3%

    \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot ux}\right)} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 66.0% accurate, 3.3× speedup

Math

\[\left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* (+ uy uy) PI) (sqrt (* ux (- 2.0 (* 2.0 maxCos))))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return ((uy + uy) * ((float) M_PI)) * sqrtf((ux * (2.0f - (2.0f * maxCos))));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(uy + uy) * Float32(pi)) * sqrt(Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(2.0) - Float32(Float32(2.0) * maxCos)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = ((uy + uy) * single(pi)) * sqrt((ux * (single(2.0) - (single(2.0) * maxCos))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   3. lower-PI.f32 50.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 50.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{1}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 7.1%

   \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   2. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   3. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot uy\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   4. count-2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   5. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   6. lower-*.f32 7.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

9. Applied rewrites 7.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1}} \]

10. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

    2. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - \color{blue}{2 \cdot maxCos}\right)} \]

    3. lower-*.f32 66.0%

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - 2 \cdot \color{blue}{maxCos}\right)} \]

12. Applied rewrites 66.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 7.1% accurate, 4.7× speedup

Math

\[\left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* (+ uy uy) PI) (sqrt (- 1.0 1.0))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return ((uy + uy) * ((float) M_PI)) * sqrtf((1.0f - 1.0f));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(uy + uy) * Float32(pi)) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(1.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = ((uy + uy) * single(pi)) * sqrt((single(1.0) - single(1.0)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 57.9%

   \[\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

   3. lower-PI.f32 50.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 50.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{1}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 7.1%

   \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \pi\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   2. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   3. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot uy\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   4. count-2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   5. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

   6. lower-*.f32 7.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1} \]

9. Applied rewrites 7.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy + uy\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 1}} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025189 
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
  :name "UniformSampleCone, y"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
  (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)) (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))))))