Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)

Percentage Accurate: 73.2% → 88.0%

Time: 7.5s

Alternatives: 20

Speedup: 0.9×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 73.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 88.0% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1\\ t_3 := t\_2 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_4 := t\_2 \cdot \left(\left|U\right| \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{\left|J\right|}\right)\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2 (* (* -2.0 (fabs J)) t_1))
        (t_3
         (*
          t_2
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_1)) 2.0)))))
        (t_4
         (*
          t_2
          (*
           (fabs U)
           (/ (sqrt (/ 0.25 (pow (cos (* 0.5 K)) 2.0))) (fabs J))))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_3 (- INFINITY))
      t_4
      (if (<= t_3 5e+304)
        (*
         (*
          (sqrt (- (/ (/ (* t_0 t_0) 4.0) (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos K)))) -1.0))
          (cos (* -0.5 K)))
         (* (fabs J) -2.0))
        t_4)))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1;
	double t_3 = t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double t_4 = t_2 * (fabs(U) * (sqrt((0.25 / pow(cos((0.5 * K)), 2.0))) / fabs(J)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_3 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_4;
	} else if (t_3 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (fabs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_4;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.abs(U) / Math.abs(J);
	double t_1 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1;
	double t_3 = t_2 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((Math.abs(U) / ((2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double t_4 = t_2 * (Math.abs(U) * (Math.sqrt((0.25 / Math.pow(Math.cos((0.5 * K)), 2.0))) / Math.abs(J)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_3 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_4;
	} else if (t_3 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * Math.cos((-0.5 * K))) * (Math.abs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_4;
	}
	return Math.copySign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.fabs(U) / math.fabs(J)
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = (-2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1
	t_3 = t_2 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((math.fabs(U) / ((2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))
	t_4 = t_2 * (math.fabs(U) * (math.sqrt((0.25 / math.pow(math.cos((0.5 * K)), 2.0))) / math.fabs(J)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_3 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = t_4
	elif t_3 <= 5e+304:
		tmp = (math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * math.cos((-0.5 * K))) * (math.fabs(J) * -2.0)
	else:
		tmp = t_4
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)
	t_3 = Float64(t_2 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_4 = Float64(t_2 * Float64(abs(U) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 / (cos(Float64(0.5 * K)) ^ 2.0))) / abs(J))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_3 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = t_4;
	elseif (t_3 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))) * Float64(abs(J) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = t_4;
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = abs(U) / abs(J);
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = (-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1;
	t_3 = t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + ((abs(U) / ((2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)));
	t_4 = t_2 * (abs(U) * (sqrt((0.25 / (cos((0.5 * K)) ^ 2.0))) / abs(J)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_3 <= -Inf)
		tmp = t_4;
	elseif (t_3 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (abs(J) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = t_4;
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(t$95$2 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(t$95$2 * N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / N[Power[N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$3, (-Infinity)], t$95$4, If[LessEqual[t$95$3, 5e+304], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$4]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0 or 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{\color{blue}{J}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J}\right) \]

      4. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J}\right) \]

      5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 20.3%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 20.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{\color{blue}{J}}\right) \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 88.0% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1\\ t_3 := t\_2 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_4 := t\_2 \cdot \frac{\left|U\right| \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{\left|J\right|}\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2 (* (* -2.0 (fabs J)) t_1))
        (t_3
         (*
          t_2
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_1)) 2.0)))))
        (t_4
         (*
          t_2
          (/
           (* (fabs U) (sqrt (/ 0.25 (pow (cos (* 0.5 K)) 2.0))))
           (fabs J)))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_3 (- INFINITY))
      t_4
      (if (<= t_3 5e+304)
        (*
         (*
          (sqrt (- (/ (/ (* t_0 t_0) 4.0) (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos K)))) -1.0))
          (cos (* -0.5 K)))
         (* (fabs J) -2.0))
        t_4)))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1;
	double t_3 = t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double t_4 = t_2 * ((fabs(U) * sqrt((0.25 / pow(cos((0.5 * K)), 2.0)))) / fabs(J));
	double tmp;
	if (t_3 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_4;
	} else if (t_3 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (fabs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_4;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.abs(U) / Math.abs(J);
	double t_1 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1;
	double t_3 = t_2 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((Math.abs(U) / ((2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double t_4 = t_2 * ((Math.abs(U) * Math.sqrt((0.25 / Math.pow(Math.cos((0.5 * K)), 2.0)))) / Math.abs(J));
	double tmp;
	if (t_3 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_4;
	} else if (t_3 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * Math.cos((-0.5 * K))) * (Math.abs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_4;
	}
	return Math.copySign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.fabs(U) / math.fabs(J)
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = (-2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1
	t_3 = t_2 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((math.fabs(U) / ((2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))
	t_4 = t_2 * ((math.fabs(U) * math.sqrt((0.25 / math.pow(math.cos((0.5 * K)), 2.0)))) / math.fabs(J))
	tmp = 0
	if t_3 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = t_4
	elif t_3 <= 5e+304:
		tmp = (math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * math.cos((-0.5 * K))) * (math.fabs(J) * -2.0)
	else:
		tmp = t_4
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)
	t_3 = Float64(t_2 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_4 = Float64(t_2 * Float64(Float64(abs(U) * sqrt(Float64(0.25 / (cos(Float64(0.5 * K)) ^ 2.0)))) / abs(J)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_3 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = t_4;
	elseif (t_3 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))) * Float64(abs(J) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = t_4;
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = abs(U) / abs(J);
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = (-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1;
	t_3 = t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + ((abs(U) / ((2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)));
	t_4 = t_2 * ((abs(U) * sqrt((0.25 / (cos((0.5 * K)) ^ 2.0)))) / abs(J));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_3 <= -Inf)
		tmp = t_4;
	elseif (t_3 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (abs(J) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = t_4;
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(t$95$2 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(t$95$2 * N[(N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / N[Power[N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$3, (-Infinity)], t$95$4, If[LessEqual[t$95$3, 5e+304], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$4]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0 or 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{\color{blue}{J}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J} \]

      3. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J} \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J} \]

      6. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J} \]

      7. lower-*.f64 20.3%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{J} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 20.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}{\color{blue}{J}} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 87.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_2 := -2 \cdot \left|J\right|\\ t_3 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_4 := \left(t\_2 \cdot t\_3\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_3}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_5 := \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|} \cdot \left|U\right|\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_5 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_4 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(t\_1 \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_2 (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
        (t_3 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_4
         (*
          (* t_2 t_3)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_3)) 2.0)))))
        (t_5
         (*
          (/ (sqrt (/ 0.25 (fma (cos K) 0.5 0.5))) (fabs (fabs J)))
          (fabs U))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_4 (- INFINITY))
      (* (* t_5 t_2) t_1)
      (if (<= t_4 5e+304)
        (*
         (*
          (sqrt (- (/ (/ (* t_0 t_0) 4.0) (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos K)))) -1.0))
          (cos (* -0.5 K)))
         (* (fabs J) -2.0))
        (* (* (* t_1 -2.0) (fabs J)) t_5))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_2 = -2.0 * fabs(J);
	double t_3 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_4 = (t_2 * t_3) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_3)), 2.0)));
	double t_5 = (sqrt((0.25 / fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5))) / fabs(fabs(J))) * fabs(U);
	double tmp;
	if (t_4 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = (t_5 * t_2) * t_1;
	} else if (t_4 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (fabs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = ((t_1 * -2.0) * fabs(J)) * t_5;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_2 = Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))
	t_3 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(t_2 * t_3) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_3)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 / fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5))) / abs(abs(J))) * abs(U))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_4 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_5 * t_2) * t_1);
	elseif (t_4 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(K)))) - -1.0)) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))) * Float64(abs(J) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_1 * -2.0) * abs(J)) * t_5);
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(t$95$2 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / N[(N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$4, (-Infinity)], N[(N[(t$95$5 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$4, 5e+304], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(t$95$1 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]

   if 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 87.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_3 := -2 \cdot \left|J\right|\\ t_4 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_5 := \left(t\_3 \cdot t\_4\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_4}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_6 := \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{t\_1}}}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|} \cdot \left|U\right|\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_5 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_6 \cdot t\_3\right) \cdot t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_5 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \frac{t\_0}{t\_1 \cdot 4}, 1\right)} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(t\_2 \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_6\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (fma (cos K) 0.5 0.5))
        (t_2 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_3 (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
        (t_4 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_5
         (*
          (* t_3 t_4)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_4)) 2.0)))))
        (t_6 (* (/ (sqrt (/ 0.25 t_1)) (fabs (fabs J))) (fabs U))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_5 (- INFINITY))
      (* (* t_6 t_3) t_2)
      (if (<= t_5 5e+304)
        (*
         (* (sqrt (fma t_0 (/ t_0 (* t_1 4.0)) 1.0)) (cos (* -0.5 K)))
         (* (fabs J) -2.0))
        (* (* (* t_2 -2.0) (fabs J)) t_6))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5);
	double t_2 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_3 = -2.0 * fabs(J);
	double t_4 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_5 = (t_3 * t_4) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_4)), 2.0)));
	double t_6 = (sqrt((0.25 / t_1)) / fabs(fabs(J))) * fabs(U);
	double tmp;
	if (t_5 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = (t_6 * t_3) * t_2;
	} else if (t_5 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(t_0, (t_0 / (t_1 * 4.0)), 1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (fabs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = ((t_2 * -2.0) * fabs(J)) * t_6;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5)
	t_2 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_3 = Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))
	t_4 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_4) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_4)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 / t_1)) / abs(abs(J))) * abs(U))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_5 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_6 * t_3) * t_2);
	elseif (t_5 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(t_0, Float64(t_0 / Float64(t_1 * 4.0)), 1.0)) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))) * Float64(abs(J) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_2 * -2.0) * abs(J)) * t_6);
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$4), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$4), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$5, (-Infinity)], N[(N[(t$95$6 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$5, 5e+304], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$0 * N[(t$95$0 / N[(t$95$1 * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(t$95$2 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K} - -1}} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. sub-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      8. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)} + \color{blue}{1}} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J}, \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)}, 1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J}, \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot 4}, 1\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

   if 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 87.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_3 := -2 \cdot \left|J\right|\\ t_4 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_5 := \left(t\_3 \cdot t\_4\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_4}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_6 := \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{t\_1}}}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|} \cdot \left|U\right|\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_5 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_6 \cdot t\_3\right) \cdot t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_5 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, \frac{t\_0}{t\_1 \cdot 4}, 1\right)} \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(t\_2 \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_6\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (fma (cos K) 0.5 0.5))
        (t_2 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_3 (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
        (t_4 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_5
         (*
          (* t_3 t_4)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_4)) 2.0)))))
        (t_6 (* (/ (sqrt (/ 0.25 t_1)) (fabs (fabs J))) (fabs U))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_5 (- INFINITY))
      (* (* t_6 t_3) t_2)
      (if (<= t_5 5e+304)
        (*
         (* (sqrt (fma t_0 (/ t_0 (* t_1 4.0)) 1.0)) (fabs J))
         (* (cos (* -0.5 K)) -2.0))
        (* (* (* t_2 -2.0) (fabs J)) t_6))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5);
	double t_2 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_3 = -2.0 * fabs(J);
	double t_4 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_5 = (t_3 * t_4) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_4)), 2.0)));
	double t_6 = (sqrt((0.25 / t_1)) / fabs(fabs(J))) * fabs(U);
	double tmp;
	if (t_5 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = (t_6 * t_3) * t_2;
	} else if (t_5 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(t_0, (t_0 / (t_1 * 4.0)), 1.0)) * fabs(J)) * (cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = ((t_2 * -2.0) * fabs(J)) * t_6;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5)
	t_2 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_3 = Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))
	t_4 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_4) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_4)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 / t_1)) / abs(abs(J))) * abs(U))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_5 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_6 * t_3) * t_2);
	elseif (t_5 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(t_0, Float64(t_0 / Float64(t_1 * 4.0)), 1.0)) * abs(J)) * Float64(cos(Float64(-0.5 * K)) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_2 * -2.0) * abs(J)) * t_6);
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$4), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$4), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$5, (-Infinity)], N[(N[(t$95$6 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$5, 5e+304], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$0 * N[(t$95$0 / N[(t$95$1 * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(t$95$2 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K} - -1}} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. sub-flip N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. associate-/l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      8. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)} + \color{blue}{1}} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J}, \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K\right)}, 1\right)}} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J}, \frac{\frac{U}{J}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot 4}, 1\right)}} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   if 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 84.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left|J\right| \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{-254}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{t\_1}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(\left|J\right| + \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* K -0.5))) (t_1 (cos (* 0.5 K))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= (fabs J) 1.2e-254)
      (* -2.0 (* t_1 (sqrt (* 0.25 (/ (pow U 2.0) (pow t_1 2.0))))))
      (*
       (* (cosh (asinh (/ U (* (+ (fabs J) (fabs J)) t_0)))) (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
       t_0)))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K * -0.5));
	double t_1 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(J) <= 1.2e-254) {
		tmp = -2.0 * (t_1 * sqrt((0.25 * (pow(U, 2.0) / pow(t_1, 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((fabs(J) + fabs(J)) * t_0)))) * (-2.0 * fabs(J))) * t_0;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K * -0.5))
	t_1 = math.cos((0.5 * K))
	tmp = 0
	if math.fabs(J) <= 1.2e-254:
		tmp = -2.0 * (t_1 * math.sqrt((0.25 * (math.pow(U, 2.0) / math.pow(t_1, 2.0)))))
	else:
		tmp = (math.cosh(math.asinh((U / ((math.fabs(J) + math.fabs(J)) * t_0)))) * (-2.0 * math.fabs(J))) * t_0
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K * -0.5))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(J) <= 1.2e-254)
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(0.25 * Float64((U ^ 2.0) / (t_1 ^ 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(cosh(asinh(Float64(U / Float64(Float64(abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_0)))) * Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))) * t_0);
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K * -0.5));
	t_1 = cos((0.5 * K));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (abs(J) <= 1.2e-254)
		tmp = -2.0 * (t_1 * sqrt((0.25 * ((U ^ 2.0) / (t_1 ^ 2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_0)))) * (-2.0 * abs(J))) * t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision], 1.2e-254], N[(-2.0 * N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 * N[(N[Power[U, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(U / N[(N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if J < 1.20000000000000001e-254

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{4}} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      9. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 14.7%

          \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 14.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   if 1.20000000000000001e-254 < J

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

      4. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

      6. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      7. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      8. lower-asinh.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      9. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lower-+.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      13. cos-neg-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]

      16. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{\color{blue}{-2}}\right)}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{-2}\right)}}\right) \]

      19. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      21. metadata-eval 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      9. cos-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      12. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{K \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      14. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      16. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      17. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      18. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      19. lift-*.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 84.7% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left|J\right| \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{-254}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(\left|J\right| + \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* K -0.5))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= (fabs J) 1.2e-254)
      (*
       (sqrt (* 0.25 (/ (pow U 2.0) (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos K))))))
       (* (cos (* -0.5 K)) -2.0))
      (*
       (* (cosh (asinh (/ U (* (+ (fabs J) (fabs J)) t_0)))) (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
       t_0)))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K * -0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(J) <= 1.2e-254) {
		tmp = sqrt((0.25 * (pow(U, 2.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))))) * (cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((fabs(J) + fabs(J)) * t_0)))) * (-2.0 * fabs(J))) * t_0;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K * -0.5))
	tmp = 0
	if math.fabs(J) <= 1.2e-254:
		tmp = math.sqrt((0.25 * (math.pow(U, 2.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos(K)))))) * (math.cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0)
	else:
		tmp = (math.cosh(math.asinh((U / ((math.fabs(J) + math.fabs(J)) * t_0)))) * (-2.0 * math.fabs(J))) * t_0
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K * -0.5))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(J) <= 1.2e-254)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 * Float64((U ^ 2.0) / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(K)))))) * Float64(cos(Float64(-0.5 * K)) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(cosh(asinh(Float64(U / Float64(Float64(abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_0)))) * Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))) * t_0);
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K * -0.5));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (abs(J) <= 1.2e-254)
		tmp = sqrt((0.25 * ((U ^ 2.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))))) * (cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_0)))) * (-2.0 * abs(J))) * t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision], 1.2e-254], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 * N[(N[Power[U, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(U / N[(N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if J < 1.20000000000000001e-254

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 14.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 14.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K}}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   if 1.20000000000000001e-254 < J

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

      4. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

      6. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      7. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      8. lower-asinh.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      9. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lower-+.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      13. cos-neg-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]

      16. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{\color{blue}{-2}}\right)}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{-2}\right)}}\right) \]

      19. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      21. metadata-eval 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      9. cos-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      12. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{K \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      14. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      16. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      17. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      18. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      19. lift-*.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 84.7% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left|J\right| \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{-254}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(\left|J\right| + \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* K -0.5))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= (fabs J) 1.2e-254)
      (*
       (sqrt (* 0.25 (/ (pow U 2.0) (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos K))))))
       (* (cos (* -0.5 K)) -2.0))
      (*
       (* (cosh (asinh (/ U (* (+ (fabs J) (fabs J)) t_0)))) t_0)
       (* -2.0 (fabs J)))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K * -0.5));
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(J) <= 1.2e-254) {
		tmp = sqrt((0.25 * (pow(U, 2.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))))) * (cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((fabs(J) + fabs(J)) * t_0)))) * t_0) * (-2.0 * fabs(J));
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K * -0.5))
	tmp = 0
	if math.fabs(J) <= 1.2e-254:
		tmp = math.sqrt((0.25 * (math.pow(U, 2.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos(K)))))) * (math.cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0)
	else:
		tmp = (math.cosh(math.asinh((U / ((math.fabs(J) + math.fabs(J)) * t_0)))) * t_0) * (-2.0 * math.fabs(J))
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K * -0.5))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(J) <= 1.2e-254)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 * Float64((U ^ 2.0) / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(K)))))) * Float64(cos(Float64(-0.5 * K)) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(cosh(asinh(Float64(U / Float64(Float64(abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_0)))) * t_0) * Float64(-2.0 * abs(J)));
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K * -0.5));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (abs(J) <= 1.2e-254)
		tmp = sqrt((0.25 * ((U ^ 2.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(K)))))) * (cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_0)))) * t_0) * (-2.0 * abs(J));
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision], 1.2e-254], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 * N[(N[Power[U, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(U / N[(N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if J < 1.20000000000000001e-254

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 14.6%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 14.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K}}} \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   if 1.20000000000000001e-254 < J

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

      4. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

      6. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      7. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      8. lower-asinh.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      9. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lower-+.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      13. cos-neg-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]

      16. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{\color{blue}{-2}}\right)}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{-2}\right)}}\right) \]

      19. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      21. metadata-eval 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      9. cos-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      12. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{K \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      14. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      16. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      17. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      18. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      19. lift-*.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 78.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_2 := -2 \cdot \left|J\right|\\ t_3 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_4 := \left(t\_2 \cdot t\_3\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_3}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_5 := \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|} \cdot \left|U\right|\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_5 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_4 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(t\_1 \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_2 (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
        (t_3 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_4
         (*
          (* t_2 t_3)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_3)) 2.0)))))
        (t_5
         (*
          (/ (sqrt (/ 0.25 (fma (cos K) 0.5 0.5))) (fabs (fabs J)))
          (fabs U))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_4 (- INFINITY))
      (* (* t_5 t_2) t_1)
      (if (<= t_4 5e+304)
        (*
         (*
          (sqrt (- (/ (/ (* t_0 t_0) 4.0) (+ 0.5 0.5)) -1.0))
          (cos (* -0.5 K)))
         (* (fabs J) -2.0))
        (* (* (* t_1 -2.0) (fabs J)) t_5))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_2 = -2.0 * fabs(J);
	double t_3 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_4 = (t_2 * t_3) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_3)), 2.0)));
	double t_5 = (sqrt((0.25 / fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5))) / fabs(fabs(J))) * fabs(U);
	double tmp;
	if (t_4 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = (t_5 * t_2) * t_1;
	} else if (t_4 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (fabs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = ((t_1 * -2.0) * fabs(J)) * t_5;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_2 = Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))
	t_3 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(t_2 * t_3) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_3)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 / fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5))) / abs(abs(J))) * abs(U))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_4 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_5 * t_2) * t_1);
	elseif (t_4 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))) * Float64(abs(J) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_1 * -2.0) * abs(J)) * t_5);
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(t$95$2 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / N[(N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$4, (-Infinity)], N[(N[(t$95$5 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$4, 5e+304], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(t$95$1 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

   6. Applied rewrites 64.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{0.5}} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]

   if 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 78.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := -2 \cdot \left|J\right|\\ t_2 := \left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|} \cdot \left|U\right|\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_3 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_4 := \left(t\_1 \cdot t\_3\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_3}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_4 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
        (t_2
         (*
          (*
           (*
            (/ (sqrt (/ 0.25 (fma (cos K) 0.5 0.5))) (fabs (fabs J)))
            (fabs U))
           t_1)
          (cos (* 0.5 K))))
        (t_3 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_4
         (*
          (* t_1 t_3)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_3)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_4 (- INFINITY))
      t_2
      (if (<= t_4 5e+304)
        (*
         (*
          (sqrt (- (/ (/ (* t_0 t_0) 4.0) (+ 0.5 0.5)) -1.0))
          (cos (* -0.5 K)))
         (* (fabs J) -2.0))
        t_2)))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = -2.0 * fabs(J);
	double t_2 = (((sqrt((0.25 / fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5))) / fabs(fabs(J))) * fabs(U)) * t_1) * cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_3 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_4 = (t_1 * t_3) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_3)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_4 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_4 <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (fabs(J) * -2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(0.25 / fma(cos(K), 0.5, 0.5))) / abs(abs(J))) * abs(U)) * t_1) * cos(Float64(0.5 * K)))
	t_3 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_3) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_3)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_4 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_4 <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))) * Float64(abs(J) * -2.0));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(0.25 / N[(N[Cos[K], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$4, (-Infinity)], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$4, 5e+304], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0 or 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos K, 0.5, 0.5\right)}}}{\left|J\right|} \cdot U\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

   6. Applied rewrites 64.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{0.5}} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 72.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := -2 \cdot \left|J\right|\\ t_1 := 1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{2}\\ t_2 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_2}\right)}^{2}} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+304}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{\left|J\right|}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(\left|J\right| + \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1}\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* -2.0 (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (+ 1.0 (* -0.125 (pow K 2.0))))
        (t_2 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<=
         (*
          (* t_0 t_2)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_2)) 2.0))))
         5e+304)
      (*
       (* (* (cos (* -0.5 K)) (fabs J)) -2.0)
       (cosh (asinh (* 0.5 (/ U (fabs J))))))
      (* (* (cosh (asinh (/ U (* (+ (fabs J) (fabs J)) t_1)))) t_0) t_1)))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = -2.0 * fabs(J);
	double t_1 = 1.0 + (-0.125 * pow(K, 2.0));
	double t_2 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (((t_0 * t_2) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_2)), 2.0)))) <= 5e+304) {
		tmp = ((cos((-0.5 * K)) * fabs(J)) * -2.0) * cosh(asinh((0.5 * (U / fabs(J)))));
	} else {
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((fabs(J) + fabs(J)) * t_1)))) * t_0) * t_1;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = -2.0 * math.fabs(J)
	t_1 = 1.0 + (-0.125 * math.pow(K, 2.0))
	t_2 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0
	if ((t_0 * t_2) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_2)), 2.0)))) <= 5e+304:
		tmp = ((math.cos((-0.5 * K)) * math.fabs(J)) * -2.0) * math.cosh(math.asinh((0.5 * (U / math.fabs(J)))))
	else:
		tmp = (math.cosh(math.asinh((U / ((math.fabs(J) + math.fabs(J)) * t_1)))) * t_0) * t_1
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(-2.0 * abs(J))
	t_1 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(-0.125 * (K ^ 2.0)))
	t_2 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_2) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_2)) ^ 2.0)))) <= 5e+304)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(-0.5 * K)) * abs(J)) * -2.0) * cosh(asinh(Float64(0.5 * Float64(U / abs(J))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(cosh(asinh(Float64(U / Float64(Float64(abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_1)))) * t_0) * t_1);
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = -2.0 * abs(J);
	t_1 = 1.0 + (-0.125 * (K ^ 2.0));
	t_2 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((t_0 * t_2) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * abs(J)) * t_2)) ^ 2.0)))) <= 5e+304)
		tmp = ((cos((-0.5 * K)) * abs(J)) * -2.0) * cosh(asinh((0.5 * (U / abs(J)))));
	else
		tmp = (cosh(asinh((U / ((abs(J) + abs(J)) * t_1)))) * t_0) * t_1;
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 + N[(-0.125 * N[Power[K, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 5e+304], N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(0.5 * N[(U / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(U / N[(N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 4.9999999999999997e304

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

      4. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

      6. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      7. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      8. lower-asinh.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      9. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lower-+.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      13. cos-neg-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]

      16. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{\color{blue}{-2}}\right)}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{-2}\right)}}\right) \]

      19. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      21. metadata-eval 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      9. cos-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      12. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{K \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      14. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      16. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      17. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      18. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      19. lift-*.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J}}\right) \]

      2. lower-/.f64 71.2%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J}}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 71.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right)} \]

   if 4.9999999999999997e304 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

      4. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

      6. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      7. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      8. lower-asinh.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      9. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lower-+.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

      13. cos-neg-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      14. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]

      16. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{\color{blue}{-2}}\right)}\right) \]

      18. mult-flip-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{-2}\right)}}\right) \]

      19. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      20. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

      21. metadata-eval 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 84.9%

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      9. cos-neg-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      12. mult-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{K \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      14. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      16. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      17. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      18. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      19. lift-*.f64 84.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right)} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{-1}{8} \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {K}^{2}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{8} \cdot \color{blue}{{K}^{2}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \]

      3. lower-pow.f64 68.2%

         \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right) \]

   10. Applied rewrites 68.2%

       \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(K \cdot -0.5\right) \]

   11. Taylor expanded in K around 0

       \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{-1}{8} \cdot {K}^{2}\right)} \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{8} \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {K}^{2}}\right) \]

       2. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{8} \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{8} \cdot \color{blue}{{K}^{2}}\right) \]

       3. lower-pow.f64 47.1%

          \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{\color{blue}{2}}\right) \]

   13. Applied rewrites 47.1%

       \[\leadsto \left(\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \left(1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(-2 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -0.125 \cdot {K}^{2}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 72.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot -2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2 (* (* -2.0 (fabs J)) t_1)))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<=
         (* t_2 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_1)) 2.0))))
         (- INFINITY))
      (* t_2 (* 0.5 (/ (fabs U) (fabs (fabs J)))))
      (*
       (* (sqrt (- (/ (/ (* t_0 t_0) 4.0) (+ 0.5 0.5)) -1.0)) (cos (* -0.5 K)))
       (* (fabs J) -2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))) <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (fabs(U) / fabs(fabs(J))));
	} else {
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (fabs(J) * -2.0);
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.abs(U) / Math.abs(J);
	double t_1 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_2 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((Math.abs(U) / ((2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))) <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (Math.abs(U) / Math.abs(Math.abs(J))));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * Math.cos((-0.5 * K))) * (Math.abs(J) * -2.0);
	}
	return Math.copySign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.fabs(U) / math.fabs(J)
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = (-2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1
	tmp = 0
	if (t_2 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((math.fabs(U) / ((2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))) <= -math.inf:
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (math.fabs(U) / math.fabs(math.fabs(J))))
	else:
		tmp = (math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * math.cos((-0.5 * K))) * (math.fabs(J) * -2.0)
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_2 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)))) <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(t_2 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(abs(U) / abs(abs(J)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))) * Float64(abs(J) * -2.0));
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = abs(U) / abs(J);
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = (-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + ((abs(U) / ((2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)))) <= -Inf)
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (abs(U) / abs(abs(J))));
	else
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * cos((-0.5 * K))) * (abs(J) * -2.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$2 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-Infinity)], N[(t$95$2 * N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left|J\right|}\right) \]

      3. lower-fabs.f64 13.6%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{\left|J\right|}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 13.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

   6. Applied rewrites 64.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{0.5}} - -1} \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot -2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 72.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|J\right|}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5} - -1} \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fabs U) (fabs J)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2 (* (* -2.0 (fabs J)) t_1)))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<=
         (* t_2 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_1)) 2.0))))
         (- INFINITY))
      (* t_2 (* 0.5 (/ (fabs U) (fabs (fabs J)))))
      (*
       (* (sqrt (- (/ (/ (* t_0 t_0) 4.0) (+ 0.5 0.5)) -1.0)) (fabs J))
       (* (cos (* -0.5 K)) -2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = fabs(U) / fabs(J);
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))) <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (fabs(U) / fabs(fabs(J))));
	} else {
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * fabs(J)) * (cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.abs(U) / Math.abs(J);
	double t_1 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_2 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((Math.abs(U) / ((2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))) <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (Math.abs(U) / Math.abs(Math.abs(J))));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * Math.abs(J)) * (Math.cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	}
	return Math.copySign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.fabs(U) / math.fabs(J)
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = (-2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1
	tmp = 0
	if (t_2 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((math.fabs(U) / ((2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))) <= -math.inf:
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (math.fabs(U) / math.fabs(math.fabs(J))))
	else:
		tmp = (math.sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * math.fabs(J)) * (math.cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0)
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(U) / abs(J))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(t_2 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)))) <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(t_2 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(abs(U) / abs(abs(J)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * abs(J)) * Float64(cos(Float64(-0.5 * K)) * -2.0));
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = abs(U) / abs(J);
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = (-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + ((abs(U) / ((2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)))) <= -Inf)
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (abs(U) / abs(abs(J))));
	else
		tmp = (sqrt(((((t_0 * t_0) / 4.0) / (0.5 + 0.5)) - -1.0)) * abs(J)) * (cos((-0.5 * K)) * -2.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[N[(t$95$2 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-Infinity)], N[(t$95$2 * N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left|J\right|}\right) \]

      3. lower-fabs.f64 13.6%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{\left|J\right|}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 13.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

   6. Applied rewrites 64.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + \color{blue}{0.5}} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 71.2% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (* (cos (* -0.5 K)) J) -2.0) (cosh (asinh (* 0.5 (/ U J))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	return ((cos((-0.5 * K)) * J) * -2.0) * cosh(asinh((0.5 * (U / J))));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	return ((math.cos((-0.5 * K)) * J) * -2.0) * math.cosh(math.asinh((0.5 * (U / J))))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(-0.5 * K)) * J) * -2.0) * cosh(asinh(Float64(0.5 * Float64(U / J)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	tmp = ((cos((-0.5 * K)) * J) * -2.0) * cosh(asinh((0.5 * (U / J))));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(0.5 * N[(U / J), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 73.2%

   \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

   4. lift-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1} \]

   5. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

   6. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   7. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   8. lower-asinh.f64 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   9. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

   10. count-2-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

   11. lower-+.f64 84.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

   12. lift-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. cos-neg-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   14. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   15. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right)}\right) \]

   16. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   17. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{\color{blue}{-2}}\right)}\right) \]

   18. mult-flip-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot \frac{1}{-2}\right)}}\right) \]

   19. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

   20. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

   21. metadata-eval 84.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 84.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   3. associate-*l* N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   6. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f64 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot J\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   9. cos-neg-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   10. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   11. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{K}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   12. mult-flip N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{K \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   13. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(K \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   14. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   15. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   16. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot K}\right)\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   17. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   18. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   19. lift-*.f64 84.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 84.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

6. Taylor expanded in K around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right)} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{J}}\right) \]

   2. lower-/.f64 71.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{J}}\right) \]

8. Applied rewrites 71.2%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right)} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 61.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := -2 \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(-2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1\\ t_3 := t\_2 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{\left|U\right|}{\left(2 \cdot \left|J\right|\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+305}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{\left|U\right|}{\left|\left|J\right|\right|}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+150}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(\left|J\right| \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(\left|U\right|\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\left|J\right|\right)}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* -2.0 (* (fabs J) (cos (* -0.5 K)))))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2 (* (* -2.0 (fabs J)) t_1))
        (t_3
         (*
          t_2
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ (fabs U) (* (* 2.0 (fabs J)) t_1)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    (copysign 1.0 J)
    (if (<= t_3 -5e+305)
      (* t_2 (* 0.5 (/ (fabs U) (fabs (fabs J)))))
      (if (<= t_3 -1e+150)
        t_0
        (if (<= t_3 -1e-46)
          (*
           -2.0
           (*
            (fabs J)
            (sqrt (+ 1.0 (* 0.25 (/ (pow (fabs U) 2.0) (pow (fabs J) 2.0)))))))
          t_0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = -2.0 * (fabs(J) * cos((-0.5 * K)));
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1;
	double t_3 = t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((fabs(U) / ((2.0 * fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_3 <= -5e+305) {
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (fabs(U) / fabs(fabs(J))));
	} else if (t_3 <= -1e+150) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (t_3 <= -1e-46) {
		tmp = -2.0 * (fabs(J) * sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * (pow(fabs(U), 2.0) / pow(fabs(J), 2.0))))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return copysign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = -2.0 * (Math.abs(J) * Math.cos((-0.5 * K)));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = (-2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1;
	double t_3 = t_2 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((Math.abs(U) / ((2.0 * Math.abs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_3 <= -5e+305) {
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (Math.abs(U) / Math.abs(Math.abs(J))));
	} else if (t_3 <= -1e+150) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (t_3 <= -1e-46) {
		tmp = -2.0 * (Math.abs(J) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * (Math.pow(Math.abs(U), 2.0) / Math.pow(Math.abs(J), 2.0))))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return Math.copySign(1.0, J) * tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = -2.0 * (math.fabs(J) * math.cos((-0.5 * K)))
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = (-2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1
	t_3 = t_2 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((math.fabs(U) / ((2.0 * math.fabs(J)) * t_1)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_3 <= -5e+305:
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (math.fabs(U) / math.fabs(math.fabs(J))))
	elif t_3 <= -1e+150:
		tmp = t_0
	elif t_3 <= -1e-46:
		tmp = -2.0 * (math.fabs(J) * math.sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * (math.pow(math.fabs(U), 2.0) / math.pow(math.fabs(J), 2.0))))))
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return math.copysign(1.0, J) * tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(abs(J) * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)
	t_3 = Float64(t_2 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(abs(U) / Float64(Float64(2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_3 <= -5e+305)
		tmp = Float64(t_2 * Float64(0.5 * Float64(abs(U) / abs(abs(J)))));
	elseif (t_3 <= -1e+150)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (t_3 <= -1e-46)
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(abs(J) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + Float64(0.25 * Float64((abs(U) ^ 2.0) / (abs(J) ^ 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return Float64(copysign(1.0, J) * tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = -2.0 * (abs(J) * cos((-0.5 * K)));
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = (-2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1;
	t_3 = t_2 * sqrt((1.0 + ((abs(U) / ((2.0 * abs(J)) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_3 <= -5e+305)
		tmp = t_2 * (0.5 * (abs(U) / abs(abs(J))));
	elseif (t_3 <= -1e+150)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (t_3 <= -1e-46)
		tmp = -2.0 * (abs(J) * sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * ((abs(U) ^ 2.0) / (abs(J) ^ 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = (sign(J) * abs(1.0)) * tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(t$95$2 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(2.0 * N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision] * If[LessEqual[t$95$3, -5e+305], N[(t$95$2 * N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$3, -1e+150], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[t$95$3, -1e-46], N[(-2.0 * N[(N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[(0.25 * N[(N[Power[N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -5.00000000000000009e305

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 13.0%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 13.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(U \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.25}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(U \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{0.25}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)}}}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{\left|J\right|}\right) \]

      3. lower-fabs.f64 13.6%

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{\left|J\right|}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 13.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left|J\right|}}\right) \]

   if -5.00000000000000009e305 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999981e149 or -1.00000000000000002e-46 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 51.5%

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

   if -9.99999999999999981e149 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.00000000000000002e-46

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-pow.f64 33.0%

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 33.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 16: 61.4% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left|K\right| \leq 28500000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\left|K\right|\right)} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \left|K\right|\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (fabs K) 28500000.0)
   (*
    (*
     (sqrt
      (- (/ (/ (* (/ U J) (/ U J)) 4.0) (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (fabs K))))) -1.0))
     J)
    -2.0)
   (* -2.0 (* J (cos (* -0.5 (fabs K)))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(K) <= 28500000.0) {
		tmp = (sqrt((((((U / J) * (U / J)) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(fabs(K))))) - -1.0)) * J) * -2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * cos((-0.5 * fabs(K))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (abs(k) <= 28500000.0d0) then
        tmp = (sqrt((((((u / j) * (u / j)) / 4.0d0) / (0.5d0 + (0.5d0 * cos(abs(k))))) - (-1.0d0))) * j) * (-2.0d0)
    else
        tmp = (-2.0d0) * (j * cos(((-0.5d0) * abs(k))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.abs(K) <= 28500000.0) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt((((((U / J) * (U / J)) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * Math.cos(Math.abs(K))))) - -1.0)) * J) * -2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * Math.cos((-0.5 * Math.abs(K))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	tmp = 0
	if math.fabs(K) <= 28500000.0:
		tmp = (math.sqrt((((((U / J) * (U / J)) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * math.cos(math.fabs(K))))) - -1.0)) * J) * -2.0
	else:
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * math.cos((-0.5 * math.fabs(K))))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(K) <= 28500000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(U / J) * Float64(U / J)) / 4.0) / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(abs(K))))) - -1.0)) * J) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(J * cos(Float64(-0.5 * abs(K)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (abs(K) <= 28500000.0)
		tmp = (sqrt((((((U / J) * (U / J)) / 4.0) / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos(abs(K))))) - -1.0)) * J) * -2.0;
	else
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * cos((-0.5 * abs(K))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := If[LessEqual[N[Abs[K], $MachinePrecision], 28500000.0], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(U / J), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U / J), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[Abs[K], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(-2.0 * N[(J * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * N[Abs[K], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if K < 2.85e7

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

   6. Applied rewrites 41.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

   if 2.85e7 < K

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 51.5%

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 17: 52.4% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left|K\right| \leq 28500000:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot \left|K\right|\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (fabs K) 28500000.0)
   (* -2.0 (* J (sqrt (+ 1.0 (* 0.25 (/ (pow U 2.0) (pow J 2.0)))))))
   (* -2.0 (* J (cos (* -0.5 (fabs K)))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(K) <= 28500000.0) {
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * (pow(U, 2.0) / pow(J, 2.0))))));
	} else {
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * cos((-0.5 * fabs(K))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (abs(k) <= 28500000.0d0) then
        tmp = (-2.0d0) * (j * sqrt((1.0d0 + (0.25d0 * ((u ** 2.0d0) / (j ** 2.0d0))))))
    else
        tmp = (-2.0d0) * (j * cos(((-0.5d0) * abs(k))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.abs(K) <= 28500000.0) {
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * Math.sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * (Math.pow(U, 2.0) / Math.pow(J, 2.0))))));
	} else {
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * Math.cos((-0.5 * Math.abs(K))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	tmp = 0
	if math.fabs(K) <= 28500000.0:
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * math.sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * (math.pow(U, 2.0) / math.pow(J, 2.0))))))
	else:
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * math.cos((-0.5 * math.fabs(K))))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(K) <= 28500000.0)
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(J * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + Float64(0.25 * Float64((U ^ 2.0) / (J ^ 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(J * cos(Float64(-0.5 * abs(K)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(J, K, U)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (abs(K) <= 28500000.0)
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * sqrt((1.0 + (0.25 * ((U ^ 2.0) / (J ^ 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = -2.0 * (J * cos((-0.5 * abs(K))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := If[LessEqual[N[Abs[K], $MachinePrecision], 28500000.0], N[(-2.0 * N[(J * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[(0.25 * N[(N[Power[U, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[J, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-2.0 * N[(J * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * N[Abs[K], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if K < 2.85e7

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      3. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      4. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

      8. lower-pow.f64 33.0%

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 33.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + 0.25 \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]

   if 2.85e7 < K

   1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 51.5%

         \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 51.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 18: 51.5% accurate, 2.6× speedup

Math

\[-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U) :precision binary64 (* -2.0 (* J (cos (* -0.5 K)))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	return -2.0 * (J * cos((-0.5 * K)));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    code = (-2.0d0) * (j * cos(((-0.5d0) * k)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	return -2.0 * (J * Math.cos((-0.5 * K)));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	return -2.0 * (J * math.cos((-0.5 * K)))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	return Float64(-2.0 * Float64(J * cos(Float64(-0.5 * K))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	tmp = -2.0 * (J * cos((-0.5 * K)));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := N[(-2.0 * N[(J * N[Cos[N[(-0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 73.2%

   \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

3. Applied rewrites 73.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}}{4}}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos K} - -1} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

4. Taylor expanded in J around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f64 51.5%

      \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \]

6. Applied rewrites 51.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(-0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 19: 27.9% accurate, 6.2× speedup

Math

\[\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(0.25 \cdot J\right) \cdot K, K, -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (* (fma (* (* 0.25 J) K) K (* -2.0 J)) 1.0))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	return fma(((0.25 * J) * K), K, (-2.0 * J)) * 1.0;
}

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(0.25 * J) * K), K, Float64(-2.0 * J)) * 1.0)
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(0.25 * J), $MachinePrecision] * K), $MachinePrecision] * K + N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 73.2%

   \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in J around inf

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

4. Applied rewrites 51.5%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]

5. Taylor expanded in K around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot 1 \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{J}, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   2. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   3. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   4. lower-pow.f64 27.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, 0.25 \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

7. Applied rewrites 27.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, 0.25 \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot 1 \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)}\right) \cdot 1 \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4}} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right) + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot J}\right) \cdot 1 \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right) + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   5. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right) + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   6. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) \cdot {K}^{2} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   7. lift-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) \cdot {K}^{2} + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   8. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) \cdot \left(K \cdot K\right) + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   9. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) \cdot K\right) \cdot K + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) \cdot K, \color{blue}{K}, -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) \cdot K, K, -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

   12. lower-*.f64 27.9%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(0.25 \cdot J\right) \cdot K, K, -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

9. Applied rewrites 27.9%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(0.25 \cdot J\right) \cdot K, \color{blue}{K}, -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 20: 27.9% accurate, 7.4× speedup

Math

\[\left(J \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, K \cdot K, -2\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U) :precision binary64 (* (* J (fma 0.25 (* K K) -2.0)) 1.0))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	return (J * fma(0.25, (K * K), -2.0)) * 1.0;
}

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	return Float64(Float64(J * fma(0.25, Float64(K * K), -2.0)) * 1.0)
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := N[(N[(J * N[(0.25 * N[(K * K), $MachinePrecision] + -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 73.2%

   \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in J around inf

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

4. Applied rewrites 51.5%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]

5. Taylor expanded in K around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot 1 \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \color{blue}{J}, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   2. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   3. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   4. lower-pow.f64 27.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, 0.25 \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

7. Applied rewrites 27.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, 0.25 \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot 1 \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(J \cdot {K}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   3. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) \cdot {K}^{2}\right) \cdot 1 \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, {K}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, {K}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   6. lift-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, {K}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   7. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   8. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

   9. lower-*.f64 27.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

9. Applied rewrites 27.9%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, J, \left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(0.25 \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J + \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right)}\right) \cdot 1 \]

    2. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot J + \color{blue}{\left(K \cdot K\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

    3. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot J}\right) \cdot 1 \]

    4. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    5. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot J\right) + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    6. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right) + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    7. associate-*l* N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    8. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4} + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    9. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    10. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    11. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    12. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    13. associate-*r* N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(K \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot J + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    14. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right) \cdot J + -2 \cdot J\right) \cdot 1 \]

    15. lift-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right) \cdot J + -2 \cdot \color{blue}{J}\right) \cdot 1 \]

    16. distribute-rgt-out N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4} + -2\right)}\right) \cdot 1 \]

    17. lower-*.f64 N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(K \cdot K\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4} + -2\right)}\right) \cdot 1 \]

    18. *-commutative N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(K \cdot K\right) + -2\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

    19. lower-fma.f64 27.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \color{blue}{K \cdot K}, -2\right)\right) \cdot 1 \]

11. Applied rewrites 27.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, K \cdot K, -2\right)}\right) \cdot 1 \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025185 
(FPCore (J K U)
  :name "Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (* -2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0))) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0)))) 2.0)))))