b from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 0.1% → 22.2%
Time: 34.5s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 7.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 0.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 22.2% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-82}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - \sqrt{{t\_1}^{4}}\right)}}{x-scale}\right)\right)}{t\_0}\\ \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (fabs b) 2.0))
        (t_1 (cos (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))))
   (if (<= (fabs b) 2.9e-82)
     (/
      (*
       (/ -0.25 (fabs b))
       (*
        (/
         (sqrt
          (*
           (*
            8.0
            (-
             (fma 0.5 (cos (* 0.011111111111111112 (* PI angle))) 0.5)
             (sqrt (pow (cos (* PI (* angle 0.005555555555555556))) 4.0))))
           (pow (fabs b) 4.0)))
         (fabs x-scale))
        (* (* a x-scale) x-scale)))
      (fabs b))
     (*
      -0.25
      (/
       (*
        a
        (*
         (pow x-scale 2.0)
         (*
          t_0
          (/ (sqrt (* 8.0 (- (pow t_1 2.0) (sqrt (pow t_1 4.0))))) x-scale))))
       t_0)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = pow(fabs(b), 2.0);
	double t_1 = cos((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI))));
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(b) <= 2.9e-82) {
		tmp = ((-0.25 / fabs(b)) * ((sqrt(((8.0 * (fma(0.5, cos((0.011111111111111112 * (((double) M_PI) * angle))), 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos((((double) M_PI) * (angle * 0.005555555555555556))), 4.0)))) * pow(fabs(b), 4.0))) / fabs(x_45_scale)) * ((a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / fabs(b);
	} else {
		tmp = -0.25 * ((a * (pow(x_45_scale, 2.0) * (t_0 * (sqrt((8.0 * (pow(t_1, 2.0) - sqrt(pow(t_1, 4.0))))) / x_45_scale)))) / t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = abs(b) ^ 2.0
	t_1 = cos(Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(b) <= 2.9e-82)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 / abs(b)) * Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(fma(0.5, cos(Float64(0.011111111111111112 * Float64(pi * angle))), 0.5) - sqrt((cos(Float64(pi * Float64(angle * 0.005555555555555556))) ^ 4.0)))) * (abs(b) ^ 4.0))) / abs(x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / abs(b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64(a * Float64((x_45_scale ^ 2.0) * Float64(t_0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(8.0 * Float64((t_1 ^ 2.0) - sqrt((t_1 ^ 4.0))))) / x_45_scale)))) / t_0));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 2.9e-82], N[(N[(N[(-0.25 / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(0.011111111111111112 * N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(Pi * N[(angle * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(a * N[(N[Power[x$45$scale, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(8.0 * N[(N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[t$95$1, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{2}\\
t_1 := \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-82}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - \sqrt{{t\_1}^{4}}\right)}}{x-scale}\right)\right)}{t\_0}\\


\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 2.89999999999999977e-82

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites0.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites4.4%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites18.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites19.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{b}} \]

    if 2.89999999999999977e-82 < b

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites0.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites4.4%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      2. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      3. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    9. Applied rewrites5.2%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}}{x-scale}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}}{x-scale}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    12. Applied rewrites11.0%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}}{x-scale}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 21.9% accurate, 4.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left|b\right| \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left|b\right| \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_2 := \frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|}\\ t_3 := {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}\\ t_4 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_1}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_2 \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(t\_0 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot t\_3}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{t\_0}^{2}}\right) \cdot t\_3\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{\left|b\right|}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_4\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{t\_4}\\ \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (fma 0.5 (cos (* 0.011111111111111112 (* PI angle))) 0.5))
        (t_1 (* (* (fabs b) a) (* (fabs b) (- a))))
        (t_2 (/ -0.25 (fabs b)))
        (t_3 (pow (fabs b) 4.0))
        (t_4 (/ (* 4.0 t_1) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (if (<= (fabs b) 2.3e-80)
     (/
      (*
       t_2
       (*
        (/
         (sqrt
          (*
           (*
            8.0
            (-
             t_0
             (sqrt (pow (cos (* PI (* angle 0.005555555555555556))) 4.0))))
           t_3))
         (fabs x-scale))
        (* (* a x-scale) x-scale)))
      (fabs b))
     (if (<= (fabs b) 1.55e+74)
       (*
        t_2
        (/
         (*
          (* a (* x-scale x-scale))
          (/
           (sqrt
            (*
             8.0
             (*
              (-
               (fma
                (cos (* (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556) 2.0))
                0.5
                0.5)
               (sqrt (pow t_0 2.0)))
              t_3)))
           (fabs x-scale)))
         (fabs b)))
       (/
        (-
         (sqrt
          (*
           (* (* 2.0 t_4) t_1)
           (/ (- (pow a 2.0) (sqrt (pow a 4.0))) (pow y-scale 2.0)))))
        t_4)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = fma(0.5, cos((0.011111111111111112 * (((double) M_PI) * angle))), 0.5);
	double t_1 = (fabs(b) * a) * (fabs(b) * -a);
	double t_2 = -0.25 / fabs(b);
	double t_3 = pow(fabs(b), 4.0);
	double t_4 = (4.0 * t_1) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (fabs(b) <= 2.3e-80) {
		tmp = (t_2 * ((sqrt(((8.0 * (t_0 - sqrt(pow(cos((((double) M_PI) * (angle * 0.005555555555555556))), 4.0)))) * t_3)) / fabs(x_45_scale)) * ((a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / fabs(b);
	} else if (fabs(b) <= 1.55e+74) {
		tmp = t_2 * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (sqrt((8.0 * ((fma(cos((((((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556) * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt(pow(t_0, 2.0))) * t_3))) / fabs(x_45_scale))) / fabs(b));
	} else {
		tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_4) * t_1) * ((pow(a, 2.0) - sqrt(pow(a, 4.0))) / pow(y_45_scale, 2.0)))) / t_4;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = fma(0.5, cos(Float64(0.011111111111111112 * Float64(pi * angle))), 0.5)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(abs(b) * a) * Float64(abs(b) * Float64(-a)))
	t_2 = Float64(-0.25 / abs(b))
	t_3 = abs(b) ^ 4.0
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_1) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (abs(b) <= 2.3e-80)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_2 * Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(t_0 - sqrt((cos(Float64(pi * Float64(angle * 0.005555555555555556))) ^ 4.0)))) * t_3)) / abs(x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / abs(b));
	elseif (abs(b) <= 1.55e+74)
		tmp = Float64(t_2 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(8.0 * Float64(Float64(fma(cos(Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556) * 2.0)), 0.5, 0.5) - sqrt((t_0 ^ 2.0))) * t_3))) / abs(x_45_scale))) / abs(b)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_4) * t_1) * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) - sqrt((a ^ 4.0))) / (y_45_scale ^ 2.0))))) / t_4);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(0.011111111111111112 * N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision] * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(-0.25 / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 2.3e-80], N[(N[(t$95$2 * N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(t$95$0 - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(Pi * N[(angle * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 1.55e+74], N[(t$95$2 * N[(N[(N[(a * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(8.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[t$95$0, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$4), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[y$45$scale, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$4), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right)\\
t_1 := \left(\left|b\right| \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left|b\right| \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_2 := \frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|}\\
t_3 := {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}\\
t_4 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_1}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t\_2 \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(t\_0 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot t\_3}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{t\_0}^{2}}\right) \cdot t\_3\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{\left|b\right|}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_4\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{t\_4}\\


\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < 2.2999999999999998e-80

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites0.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites4.4%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites18.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites19.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{b}} \]

    if 2.2999999999999998e-80 < b < 1.55000000000000011e74

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites0.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites4.4%

      \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites18.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites19.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right)\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]

    if 1.55000000000000011e74 < b

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites0.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        3. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        5. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        6. lower-pow.f642.3

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites2.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 21.2% accurate, 4.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left|b\right| \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left|b\right| \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_0}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{t\_1}\\ \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* (* (fabs b) a) (* (fabs b) (- a))))
            (t_1 (/ (* 4.0 t_0) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
       (if (<= (fabs b) 1.55e+74)
         (/
          (*
           (/ -0.25 (fabs b))
           (*
            (/
             (sqrt
              (*
               (*
                8.0
                (-
                 (fma 0.5 (cos (* 0.011111111111111112 (* PI angle))) 0.5)
                 (sqrt (pow (cos (* PI (* angle 0.005555555555555556))) 4.0))))
               (pow (fabs b) 4.0)))
             (fabs x-scale))
            (* (* a x-scale) x-scale)))
          (fabs b))
         (/
          (-
           (sqrt
            (*
             (* (* 2.0 t_1) t_0)
             (/ (- (pow a 2.0) (sqrt (pow a 4.0))) (pow y-scale 2.0)))))
          t_1))))
    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
    	double t_0 = (fabs(b) * a) * (fabs(b) * -a);
    	double t_1 = (4.0 * t_0) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if (fabs(b) <= 1.55e+74) {
    		tmp = ((-0.25 / fabs(b)) * ((sqrt(((8.0 * (fma(0.5, cos((0.011111111111111112 * (((double) M_PI) * angle))), 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos((((double) M_PI) * (angle * 0.005555555555555556))), 4.0)))) * pow(fabs(b), 4.0))) / fabs(x_45_scale)) * ((a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / fabs(b);
    	} else {
    		tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_1) * t_0) * ((pow(a, 2.0) - sqrt(pow(a, 4.0))) / pow(y_45_scale, 2.0)))) / t_1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(abs(b) * a) * Float64(abs(b) * Float64(-a)))
    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_0) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (abs(b) <= 1.55e+74)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 / abs(b)) * Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(fma(0.5, cos(Float64(0.011111111111111112 * Float64(pi * angle))), 0.5) - sqrt((cos(Float64(pi * Float64(angle * 0.005555555555555556))) ^ 4.0)))) * (abs(b) ^ 4.0))) / abs(x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / abs(b));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_1) * t_0) * Float64(Float64((a ^ 2.0) - sqrt((a ^ 4.0))) / (y_45_scale ^ 2.0))))) / t_1);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision] * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 1.55e+74], N[(N[(N[(-0.25 / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(0.011111111111111112 * N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(Pi * N[(angle * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[y$45$scale, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(\left|b\right| \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left|b\right| \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
    t_1 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_0}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{t\_1}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 1.55000000000000011e74

      1. Initial program 0.1%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      3. Applied rewrites0.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      6. Applied rewrites4.4%

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
      7. Applied rewrites18.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
      8. Applied rewrites19.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{b}} \]

      if 1.55000000000000011e74 < b

      1. Initial program 0.1%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites0.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{\color{blue}{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          5. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          6. lower-pow.f642.3

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites2.3%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} - \sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 20.9% accurate, 4.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := a \cdot \left|b\right|\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot \left|b\right|\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot 8\right) \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot \left|b\right|\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a - \frac{\sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}{t\_0}}{\left(a \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)\right) \cdot y-scale\\ \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (* a (fabs b))))
         (if (<= (fabs b) 1.55e+74)
           (/
            (*
             (/ -0.25 (fabs b))
             (*
              (/
               (sqrt
                (*
                 (*
                  8.0
                  (-
                   (fma 0.5 (cos (* 0.011111111111111112 (* PI angle))) 0.5)
                   (sqrt (pow (cos (* PI (* angle 0.005555555555555556))) 4.0))))
                 (pow (fabs b) 4.0)))
               (fabs x-scale))
              (* (* a x-scale) x-scale)))
            (fabs b))
           (*
            (*
             (/
              (/
               (sqrt
                (*
                 (*
                  (*
                   (*
                    (*
                     (* t_0 (fabs b))
                     (/ (- a) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))))
                    8.0)
                   (* (- a) (fabs b)))
                  t_0)
                 (-
                  (* (/ a (* y-scale y-scale)) a)
                  (/ (sqrt (pow a 4.0)) (* y-scale y-scale)))))
               t_0)
              (* (* a 4.0) (fabs b)))
             (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale))
            y-scale))))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = a * fabs(b);
      	double tmp;
      	if (fabs(b) <= 1.55e+74) {
      		tmp = ((-0.25 / fabs(b)) * ((sqrt(((8.0 * (fma(0.5, cos((0.011111111111111112 * (((double) M_PI) * angle))), 0.5) - sqrt(pow(cos((((double) M_PI) * (angle * 0.005555555555555556))), 4.0)))) * pow(fabs(b), 4.0))) / fabs(x_45_scale)) * ((a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / fabs(b);
      	} else {
      		tmp = (((sqrt(((((((t_0 * fabs(b)) * (-a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * 8.0) * (-a * fabs(b))) * t_0) * (((a / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) - (sqrt(pow(a, 4.0)) / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))) / t_0) / ((a * 4.0) * fabs(b))) * ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * y_45_scale;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = Float64(a * abs(b))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (abs(b) <= 1.55e+74)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 / abs(b)) * Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(8.0 * Float64(fma(0.5, cos(Float64(0.011111111111111112 * Float64(pi * angle))), 0.5) - sqrt((cos(Float64(pi * Float64(angle * 0.005555555555555556))) ^ 4.0)))) * (abs(b) ^ 4.0))) / abs(x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) / abs(b));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * abs(b)) * Float64(Float64(-a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * 8.0) * Float64(Float64(-a) * abs(b))) * t_0) * Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) - Float64(sqrt((a ^ 4.0)) / Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))) / t_0) / Float64(Float64(a * 4.0) * abs(b))) * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * y_45_scale);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 1.55e+74], N[(N[(N[(-0.25 / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(8.0 * N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(0.011111111111111112 * N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(Pi * N[(angle * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[((-a) / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 8.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[((-a) * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sqrt[N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := a \cdot \left|b\right|\\
      \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\left|b\right|}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot \left|b\right|\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot 8\right) \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot \left|b\right|\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a - \frac{\sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}{t\_0}}{\left(a \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)\right) \cdot y-scale\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if b < 1.55000000000000011e74

        1. Initial program 0.1%

          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
        3. Applied rewrites0.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
        4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
        6. Applied rewrites4.4%

          \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
        7. Applied rewrites18.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
        8. Applied rewrites19.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(8 \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(0.011111111111111112 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot angle\right)\right), 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(angle \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)\right) \cdot {b}^{4}}}{\left|x-scale\right|} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{b}} \]

        if 1.55000000000000011e74 < b

        1. Initial program 0.1%

          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites0.1%

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in b around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            2. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            3. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            4. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            6. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            7. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            8. lower-pow.f642.0

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites2.0%

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites0.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\sqrt{\left(a \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(\left(\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot 4\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(\left(-a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)} \]
          6. Applied rewrites4.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot 8\right) \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a - \frac{\sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}{a \cdot b}}{\left(a \cdot 4\right) \cdot b} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)\right) \cdot y-scale} \]
        4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        5. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 20.7% accurate, 6.4× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := a \cdot \left|b\right|\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{\left|b\right|}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot \left|b\right|\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot 8\right) \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot \left|b\right|\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a - \frac{\sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}{t\_0}}{\left(a \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)\right) \cdot y-scale\\ \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (* a (fabs b))))
           (if (<= (fabs b) 1.5e+74)
             (*
              (/ -0.25 (fabs b))
              (/
               (*
                (* a (* x-scale x-scale))
                (/
                 (sqrt
                  (*
                   8.0
                   (*
                    (-
                     1.0
                     (sqrt (pow (cos (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556)) 4.0)))
                    (pow (fabs b) 4.0))))
                 (fabs x-scale)))
               (fabs b)))
             (*
              (*
               (/
                (/
                 (sqrt
                  (*
                   (*
                    (*
                     (*
                      (*
                       (* t_0 (fabs b))
                       (/ (- a) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))))
                      8.0)
                     (* (- a) (fabs b)))
                    t_0)
                   (-
                    (* (/ a (* y-scale y-scale)) a)
                    (/ (sqrt (pow a 4.0)) (* y-scale y-scale)))))
                 t_0)
                (* (* a 4.0) (fabs b)))
               (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale))
              y-scale))))
        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double t_0 = a * fabs(b);
        	double tmp;
        	if (fabs(b) <= 1.5e+74) {
        		tmp = (-0.25 / fabs(b)) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - sqrt(pow(cos(((((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * pow(fabs(b), 4.0)))) / fabs(x_45_scale))) / fabs(b));
        	} else {
        		tmp = (((sqrt(((((((t_0 * fabs(b)) * (-a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * 8.0) * (-a * fabs(b))) * t_0) * (((a / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) - (sqrt(pow(a, 4.0)) / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))) / t_0) / ((a * 4.0) * fabs(b))) * ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * y_45_scale;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double t_0 = a * Math.abs(b);
        	double tmp;
        	if (Math.abs(b) <= 1.5e+74) {
        		tmp = (-0.25 / Math.abs(b)) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (Math.sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.cos(((Math.PI * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * Math.pow(Math.abs(b), 4.0)))) / Math.abs(x_45_scale))) / Math.abs(b));
        	} else {
        		tmp = (((Math.sqrt(((((((t_0 * Math.abs(b)) * (-a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * 8.0) * (-a * Math.abs(b))) * t_0) * (((a / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) - (Math.sqrt(Math.pow(a, 4.0)) / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))) / t_0) / ((a * 4.0) * Math.abs(b))) * ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * y_45_scale;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
        	t_0 = a * math.fabs(b)
        	tmp = 0
        	if math.fabs(b) <= 1.5e+74:
        		tmp = (-0.25 / math.fabs(b)) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (math.sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - math.sqrt(math.pow(math.cos(((math.pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * math.pow(math.fabs(b), 4.0)))) / math.fabs(x_45_scale))) / math.fabs(b))
        	else:
        		tmp = (((math.sqrt(((((((t_0 * math.fabs(b)) * (-a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * 8.0) * (-a * math.fabs(b))) * t_0) * (((a / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) - (math.sqrt(math.pow(a, 4.0)) / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))) / t_0) / ((a * 4.0) * math.fabs(b))) * ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * y_45_scale
        	return tmp
        
        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	t_0 = Float64(a * abs(b))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (abs(b) <= 1.5e+74)
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.25 / abs(b)) * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(8.0 * Float64(Float64(1.0 - sqrt((cos(Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)) ^ 4.0))) * (abs(b) ^ 4.0)))) / abs(x_45_scale))) / abs(b)));
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * abs(b)) * Float64(Float64(-a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * 8.0) * Float64(Float64(-a) * abs(b))) * t_0) * Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) - Float64(sqrt((a ^ 4.0)) / Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))) / t_0) / Float64(Float64(a * 4.0) * abs(b))) * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * y_45_scale);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	t_0 = a * abs(b);
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (abs(b) <= 1.5e+74)
        		tmp = (-0.25 / abs(b)) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - sqrt((cos(((pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)) ^ 4.0))) * (abs(b) ^ 4.0)))) / abs(x_45_scale))) / abs(b));
        	else
        		tmp = (((sqrt(((((((t_0 * abs(b)) * (-a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * 8.0) * (-a * abs(b))) * t_0) * (((a / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) - (sqrt((a ^ 4.0)) / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))) / t_0) / ((a * 4.0) * abs(b))) * ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * y_45_scale;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 1.5e+74], N[(N[(-0.25 / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(a * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(8.0 * N[(N[(1.0 - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[((-a) / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 8.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[((-a) * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sqrt[N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(a * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := a \cdot \left|b\right|\\
        \mathbf{if}\;\left|b\right| \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.25}{\left|b\right|} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {\left(\left|b\right|\right)}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{\left|b\right|}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot \left|b\right|\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot 8\right) \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot \left|b\right|\right)\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a - \frac{\sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}{t\_0}}{\left(a \cdot 4\right) \cdot \left|b\right|} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)\right) \cdot y-scale\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if b < 1.5e74

          1. Initial program 0.1%

            \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
          3. Applied rewrites0.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
          4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
          6. Applied rewrites4.4%

            \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
          7. Applied rewrites18.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
          8. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{4}}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]
          9. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites19.3%

              \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]

            if 1.5e74 < b

            1. Initial program 0.1%

              \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites0.1%

                \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                2. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                3. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                6. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                7. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                8. lower-pow.f642.0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
              4. Applied rewrites2.0%

                \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{{y-scale}^{4}}}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites0.3%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\sqrt{\left(a \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} - \sqrt{\frac{{a}^{4}}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(\left(\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot 4\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)\right)}}{\left(\left(-a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)} \]
              6. Applied rewrites4.9%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{-a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot 8\right) \cdot \left(\left(-a\right) \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a - \frac{\sqrt{{a}^{4}}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}}{a \cdot b}}{\left(a \cdot 4\right) \cdot b} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)\right) \cdot y-scale} \]
            4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 19.3% accurate, 7.2× speedup?

            \[\frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]
            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
             :precision binary64
             (*
              (/ -0.25 b)
              (/
               (*
                (* a (* x-scale x-scale))
                (/
                 (sqrt
                  (*
                   8.0
                   (*
                    (- 1.0 (sqrt (pow (cos (* (* PI angle) 0.005555555555555556)) 4.0)))
                    (pow b 4.0))))
                 (fabs x-scale)))
               b)))
            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	return (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - sqrt(pow(cos(((((double) M_PI) * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * pow(b, 4.0)))) / fabs(x_45_scale))) / b);
            }
            
            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	return (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (Math.sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.cos(((Math.PI * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * Math.pow(b, 4.0)))) / Math.abs(x_45_scale))) / b);
            }
            
            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
            	return (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (math.sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - math.sqrt(math.pow(math.cos(((math.pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)), 4.0))) * math.pow(b, 4.0)))) / math.fabs(x_45_scale))) / b)
            
            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	return Float64(Float64(-0.25 / b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(8.0 * Float64(Float64(1.0 - sqrt((cos(Float64(Float64(pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)) ^ 4.0))) * (b ^ 4.0)))) / abs(x_45_scale))) / b))
            end
            
            function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	tmp = (-0.25 / b) * (((a * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (sqrt((8.0 * ((1.0 - sqrt((cos(((pi * angle) * 0.005555555555555556)) ^ 4.0))) * (b ^ 4.0)))) / abs(x_45_scale))) / b);
            end
            
            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(-0.25 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(a * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(8.0 * N[(N[(1.0 - N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[Cos[N[(N[(Pi * angle), $MachinePrecision] * 0.005555555555555556), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 0.1%

              \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
            3. Applied rewrites0.5%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left({y-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}}\right)\right)}{{b}^{2}}} \]
            4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
            6. Applied rewrites4.4%

              \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{8 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{4}}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right)}{{b}^{2}} \]
            7. Applied rewrites18.7%

              \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right) - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b}} \]
            8. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{4}}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]
            9. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites19.3%

                \[\leadsto \frac{-0.25}{b} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{8 \cdot \left(\left(1 - \sqrt{{\cos \left(\left(\pi \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4}}\right) \cdot {b}^{4}\right)}}{\left|x-scale\right|}}{b} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing

              Reproduce

              ?
              herbie shell --seed 2025171 
              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                :name "b from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                :precision binary64
                (/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (- (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))