FastMath test2

Percentage Accurate: 99.7% → 100.0%

Time: 3.6s

Alternatives: 4

Speedup: 2.3×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(d1 \cdot 10 + d1 \cdot d2\right) + d1 \cdot 20 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (d1 d2) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* d1 10.0) (* d1 d2)) (* d1 20.0)))

C

double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0);
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(d1, d2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: d1
    real(8), intent (in) :: d2
    code = ((d1 * 10.0d0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0);
}

Python

def code(d1, d2):
	return ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0)

Julia

function code(d1, d2)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(d1 * 10.0) + Float64(d1 * d2)) + Float64(d1 * 20.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(d1, d2)
	tmp = ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0);
end

Wolfram

code[d1_, d2_] := N[(N[(N[(d1 * 10.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(d1 * d2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(d1 * 20.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 99.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(d1 \cdot 10 + d1 \cdot d2\right) + d1 \cdot 20 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (d1 d2) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* d1 10.0) (* d1 d2)) (* d1 20.0)))

C

double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0);
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(d1, d2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: d1
    real(8), intent (in) :: d2
    code = ((d1 * 10.0d0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0d0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0);
}

Python

def code(d1, d2):
	return ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0)

Julia

function code(d1, d2)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(d1 * 10.0) + Float64(d1 * d2)) + Float64(d1 * 20.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(d1, d2)
	tmp = ((d1 * 10.0) + (d1 * d2)) + (d1 * 20.0);
end

Wolfram

code[d1_, d2_] := N[(N[(N[(d1 * 10.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(d1 * d2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(d1 * 20.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(30, d1, d1 \cdot d2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (d1 d2) :precision binary64 (fma 30.0 d1 (* d1 d2)))

C

double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return fma(30.0, d1, (d1 * d2));
}

Julia

function code(d1, d2)
	return fma(30.0, d1, Float64(d1 * d2))
end

Wolfram

code[d1_, d2_] := N[(30.0 * d1 + N[(d1 * d2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[\left(d1 \cdot 10 + d1 \cdot d2\right) + d1 \cdot 20 \]

2. Taylor expanded in d1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in d2 around 0

   \[\leadsto 30 \cdot d1 + \color{blue}{d1 \cdot d2} \]

7. Applied rewrites 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(30, \color{blue}{d1}, d1 \cdot d2\right) \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 100.0% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (d1 d2) :precision binary64 (* d1 (+ 30.0 d2)))

C

double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return d1 * (30.0 + d2);
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(d1, d2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: d1
    real(8), intent (in) :: d2
    code = d1 * (30.0d0 + d2)
end function

Java

public static double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return d1 * (30.0 + d2);
}

Python

def code(d1, d2):
	return d1 * (30.0 + d2)

Julia

function code(d1, d2)
	return Float64(d1 * Float64(30.0 + d2))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(d1, d2)
	tmp = d1 * (30.0 + d2);
end

Wolfram

code[d1_, d2_] := N[(d1 * N[(30.0 + d2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[\left(d1 \cdot 10 + d1 \cdot d2\right) + d1 \cdot 20 \]

2. Taylor expanded in d1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.7% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;d2 \leq -30:\\ \;\;\;\;d1 \cdot d2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;d2 \leq 30:\\ \;\;\;\;d1 \cdot 30\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;d1 \cdot d2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (d1 d2)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= d2 -30.0) (* d1 d2) (if (<= d2 30.0) (* d1 30.0) (* d1 d2))))

C

double code(double d1, double d2) {
	double tmp;
	if (d2 <= -30.0) {
		tmp = d1 * d2;
	} else if (d2 <= 30.0) {
		tmp = d1 * 30.0;
	} else {
		tmp = d1 * d2;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(d1, d2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: d1
    real(8), intent (in) :: d2
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (d2 <= (-30.0d0)) then
        tmp = d1 * d2
    else if (d2 <= 30.0d0) then
        tmp = d1 * 30.0d0
    else
        tmp = d1 * d2
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double d1, double d2) {
	double tmp;
	if (d2 <= -30.0) {
		tmp = d1 * d2;
	} else if (d2 <= 30.0) {
		tmp = d1 * 30.0;
	} else {
		tmp = d1 * d2;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(d1, d2):
	tmp = 0
	if d2 <= -30.0:
		tmp = d1 * d2
	elif d2 <= 30.0:
		tmp = d1 * 30.0
	else:
		tmp = d1 * d2
	return tmp

Julia

function code(d1, d2)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (d2 <= -30.0)
		tmp = Float64(d1 * d2);
	elseif (d2 <= 30.0)
		tmp = Float64(d1 * 30.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(d1 * d2);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(d1, d2)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (d2 <= -30.0)
		tmp = d1 * d2;
	elseif (d2 <= 30.0)
		tmp = d1 * 30.0;
	else
		tmp = d1 * d2;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[d1_, d2_] := If[LessEqual[d2, -30.0], N[(d1 * d2), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[d2, 30.0], N[(d1 * 30.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(d1 * d2), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if d2 < -30 or 30 < d2

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(d1 \cdot 10 + d1 \cdot d2\right) + d1 \cdot 20 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in d1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in d2 around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot d2} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 51.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot d2} \]

   if -30 < d2 < 30

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(d1 \cdot 10 + d1 \cdot d2\right) + d1 \cdot 20 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in d1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in d2 around 0

      \[\leadsto d1 \cdot 30 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 50.4%

      \[\leadsto d1 \cdot 30 \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 51.4% accurate, 3.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ d1 \cdot d2 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (d1 d2) :precision binary64 (* d1 d2))

C

double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return d1 * d2;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(d1, d2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: d1
    real(8), intent (in) :: d2
    code = d1 * d2
end function

Java

public static double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return d1 * d2;
}

Python

def code(d1, d2):
	return d1 * d2

Julia

function code(d1, d2)
	return Float64(d1 * d2)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(d1, d2)
	tmp = d1 * d2;
end

Wolfram

code[d1_, d2_] := N[(d1 * d2), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[\left(d1 \cdot 10 + d1 \cdot d2\right) + d1 \cdot 20 \]

2. Taylor expanded in d1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in d2 around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot d2} \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d1 \cdot d2} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 100.0% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ d1 \cdot \left(30 + d2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (d1 d2) :precision binary64 (* d1 (+ 30.0 d2)))

C

double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return d1 * (30.0 + d2);
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(d1, d2)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: d1
    real(8), intent (in) :: d2
    code = d1 * (30.0d0 + d2)
end function

Java

public static double code(double d1, double d2) {
	return d1 * (30.0 + d2);
}

Python

def code(d1, d2):
	return d1 * (30.0 + d2)

Julia

function code(d1, d2)
	return Float64(d1 * Float64(30.0 + d2))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(d1, d2)
	tmp = d1 * (30.0 + d2);
end

Wolfram

code[d1_, d2_] := N[(d1 * N[(30.0 + d2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025159 
(FPCore (d1 d2)
  :name "FastMath test2"
  :precision binary64

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform c (* d1 (+ 30 d2)))

  (+ (+ (* d1 10.0) (* d1 d2)) (* d1 20.0)))