Toniolo and Linder, Equation (2)

Percentage Accurate: 84.3% → 98.9%

Time: 7.0s

Alternatives: 6

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin
  (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(t, l, om, omc)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t / l) ** 2.0d0))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * Math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Python

def code(t, l, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))))

Julia

function code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t / l) ^ 2.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t / l) ^ 2.0))))));
end

Wolfram

code[t_, l_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 84.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin
  (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))

C

double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(t, l, om, omc)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: om
    real(8), intent (in) :: omc
    code = asin(sqrt(((1.0d0 - ((om / omc) ** 2.0d0)) / (1.0d0 + (2.0d0 * ((t / l) ** 2.0d0))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double t, double l, double Om, double Omc) {
	return Math.asin(Math.sqrt(((1.0 - Math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * Math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))));
}

Python

def code(t, l, Om, Omc):
	return math.asin(math.sqrt(((1.0 - math.pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * math.pow((t / l), 2.0))))))

Julia

function code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t / l) ^ 2.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(t, l, Om, Omc)
	tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - ((Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * ((t / l) ^ 2.0))))));
end

Wolfram

code[t_, l_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \leq 10^{-93}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot Om}{Omc}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t\_m + t\_m}{l\_m}, \frac{t\_m}{l\_m}, 1\right)}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<=
      (asin
       (sqrt
        (/
         (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0))
         (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t_m l_m) 2.0))))))
      1e-93)
   (asin
    (/ (* l_m (sqrt (* -0.5 (* (+ 1.0 (/ Om Omc)) (- (/ Om Omc) 1.0))))) t_m))
   (asin
    (sqrt
     (/
      (- 1.0 (/ (* (/ Om Omc) Om) Omc))
      (fma (/ (+ t_m t_m) l_m) (/ t_m l_m) 1.0))))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t_m / l_m), 2.0)))))) <= 1e-93) {
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt((-0.5 * ((1.0 + (Om / Omc)) * ((Om / Omc) - 1.0))))) / t_m));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(sqrt(((1.0 - (((Om / Omc) * Om) / Omc)) / fma(((t_m + t_m) / l_m), (t_m / l_m), 1.0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t_m / l_m) ^ 2.0)))))) <= 1e-93)
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Om / Omc)) * Float64(Float64(Om / Omc) - 1.0))))) / t_m));
	else
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(Om / Omc) * Om) / Omc)) / fma(Float64(Float64(t_m + t_m) / l_m), Float64(t_m / l_m), 1.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 1e-93], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(1.0 + N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] * Om), $MachinePrecision] / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(t$95$m + t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (asin.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 Om Omc) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64))))))) < 9.999999999999999e-94

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. frac-2neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. sub-negate-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. difference-of-sqr-1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      10. add-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \color{blue}{-1}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      14. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      16. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. distribute-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2 \cdot t, \frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell}, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{\color{blue}{t}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      9. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 34.6

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 34.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in l around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 48.8

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 48.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   if 9.999999999999999e-94 < (asin.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 Om Omc) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))))

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      7. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{1}}}\right) \]

      14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      17. div-add-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      18. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      19. lower-+.f64 84.3

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{t + t}}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot Om}{Omc}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot Om}{Omc}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 84.3

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot Om}}{Omc}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot Om}{Omc}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-2 \cdot t\_m}{l\_m}}{l\_m}, t\_m, -1\right)}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<=
      (asin
       (sqrt
        (/
         (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0))
         (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t_m l_m) 2.0))))))
      5e-6)
   (asin
    (/ (* l_m (sqrt (* -0.5 (* (+ 1.0 (/ Om Omc)) (- (/ Om Omc) 1.0))))) t_m))
   (asin
    (sqrt
     (/
      (fma (/ Om Omc) (/ Om Omc) -1.0)
      (fma (/ (/ (* -2.0 t_m) l_m) l_m) t_m -1.0))))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t_m / l_m), 2.0)))))) <= 5e-6) {
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt((-0.5 * ((1.0 + (Om / Omc)) * ((Om / Omc) - 1.0))))) / t_m));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((fma((Om / Omc), (Om / Omc), -1.0) / fma((((-2.0 * t_m) / l_m) / l_m), t_m, -1.0))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t_m / l_m) ^ 2.0)))))) <= 5e-6)
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Om / Omc)) * Float64(Float64(Om / Omc) - 1.0))))) / t_m));
	else
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(fma(Float64(Om / Omc), Float64(Om / Omc), -1.0) / fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * t_m) / l_m) / l_m), t_m, -1.0))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 5e-6], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(1.0 + N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$m + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (asin.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 Om Omc) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64))))))) < 5.00000000000000041e-6

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. frac-2neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. sub-negate-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. difference-of-sqr-1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      10. add-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \color{blue}{-1}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      14. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      16. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. distribute-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2 \cdot t, \frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell}, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{\color{blue}{t}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      9. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 34.6

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 34.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in l around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 48.8

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 48.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   if 5.00000000000000041e-6 < (asin.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 Om Omc) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))))

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      7. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{1}}}\right) \]

      14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      17. div-add-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      18. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      19. lower-+.f64 84.3

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{t + t}}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot -2, t, -1\right)}}}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot -2}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot -2, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      3. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot -2}{\ell \cdot \ell}}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t \cdot -2}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      5. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{t \cdot -2}{\ell}}{\ell}}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot t}}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)} \cdot t}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      8. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot t\right)}}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      9. count-2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(t + t\right)}\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      10. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(t + t\right)}\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      11. distribute-neg-frac N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}\right)}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}\right)}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}\right)}{\ell}}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      14. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}\right)}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      15. distribute-neg-frac N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(t + t\right)\right)}{\ell}}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(t + t\right)\right)}{\ell}}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      17. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(t + t\right)}\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      18. count-2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot t}\right)}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      19. distribute-lft-neg-out N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) \cdot t}}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      20. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-2} \cdot t}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

      21. lower-*.f64 81.1

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot t}}{\ell}}{\ell}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 81.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-2 \cdot t}{\ell}}{\ell}}, t, -1\right)}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{l\_m \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t\_m}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{-1}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<=
      (asin
       (sqrt
        (/
         (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0))
         (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t_m l_m) 2.0))))))
      1.0)
   (asin
    (/ (* l_m (sqrt (* -0.5 (* (+ 1.0 (/ Om Omc)) (- (/ Om Omc) 1.0))))) t_m))
   (asin (sqrt (/ (fma (/ Om Omc) (/ Om Omc) -1.0) -1.0)))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if (asin(sqrt(((1.0 - pow((Om / Omc), 2.0)) / (1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t_m / l_m), 2.0)))))) <= 1.0) {
		tmp = asin(((l_m * sqrt((-0.5 * ((1.0 + (Om / Omc)) * ((Om / Omc) - 1.0))))) / t_m));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((fma((Om / Omc), (Om / Omc), -1.0) / -1.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (asin(sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 - (Float64(Om / Omc) ^ 2.0)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t_m / l_m) ^ 2.0)))))) <= 1.0)
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(l_m * sqrt(Float64(-0.5 * Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(Om / Omc)) * Float64(Float64(Om / Omc) - 1.0))))) / t_m));
	else
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(fma(Float64(Om / Omc), Float64(Om / Omc), -1.0) / -1.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 - N[Power[N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 1.0], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(l$95$m * N[Sqrt[N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(1.0 + N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (asin.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 Om Omc) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64))))))) < 1

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. frac-2neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. sub-negate-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. difference-of-sqr-1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      10. add-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \color{blue}{-1}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      14. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      16. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. distribute-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2 \cdot t, \frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell}, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{\color{blue}{t}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      9. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 34.6

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 34.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in l around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 48.8

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 48.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\ell \cdot \sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   if 1 < (asin.f64 (sqrt.f64 (/.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 Om Omc) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))))

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      7. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{1}}}\right) \]

      14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      17. div-add-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      18. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      19. lower-+.f64 84.3

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{t + t}}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot -2, t, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

   6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

   8. Applied rewrites 51.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 95.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t\_m}{l\_m}\right)}^{2} \leq 4:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{-1}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}, Om, -1\right)} \cdot \left|l\_m\right|}{t\_m}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t_m l_m) 2.0))) 4.0)
   (asin (sqrt (/ (fma (/ Om Omc) (/ Om Omc) -1.0) -1.0)))
   (asin
    (/ (* (sqrt (* -0.5 (fma (/ Om (* Omc Omc)) Om -1.0))) (fabs l_m)) t_m))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	double tmp;
	if ((1.0 + (2.0 * pow((t_m / l_m), 2.0))) <= 4.0) {
		tmp = asin(sqrt((fma((Om / Omc), (Om / Omc), -1.0) / -1.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = asin(((sqrt((-0.5 * fma((Om / (Omc * Omc)), Om, -1.0))) * fabs(l_m)) / t_m));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(1.0 + Float64(2.0 * (Float64(t_m / l_m) ^ 2.0))) <= 4.0)
		tmp = asin(sqrt(Float64(fma(Float64(Om / Omc), Float64(Om / Omc), -1.0) / -1.0)));
	else
		tmp = asin(Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(-0.5 * fma(Float64(Om / Float64(Omc * Omc)), Om, -1.0))) * abs(l_m)) / t_m));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(t$95$m / l$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(Om / N[(Omc * Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * Om + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Abs[l$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) < 4

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. distribute-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      7. remove-double-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      9. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. associate-*r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. count-2-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{1}}}\right) \]

      14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

      15. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      16. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      17. div-add-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      18. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

      19. lower-+.f64 84.3

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{t + t}}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 84.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot -2, t, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

   6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

   8. Applied rewrites 51.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]

   if 4 < (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 t l) #s(literal 2 binary64))))

   1. Initial program 84.3%

      \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}}\right) \]

      2. frac-2neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      4. sub-negate-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc}} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      7. difference-of-sqr-1 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      8. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      10. add-flip N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      11. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - \color{blue}{-1}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      12. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

      14. lower--.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      15. lift-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      16. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

      17. distribute-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 73.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - -1\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2 \cdot t, \frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell}, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

   4. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{\color{blue}{t}}\right) \]

      2. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. lower-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      9. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 34.6

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 34.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right)} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      4. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      5. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      8. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}{t}\right) \]

      9. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}}{t}\right) \]

      10. lower-unsound-sqrt.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}}{t}\right) \]

      11. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}}{t}\right) \]

      12. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\ell \cdot \ell}}{t}\right) \]

      13. rem-sqrt-square-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \left|\ell\right|}{t}\right) \]

      14. lower-unsound-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 + \frac{Om}{Omc}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{Om}{Omc} - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \left|\ell\right|}{t}\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 46.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\frac{\sqrt{-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}, Om, -1\right)} \cdot \left|\ell\right|}{t}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 51.6% accurate, 2.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{-1}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin (sqrt (/ (fma (/ Om Omc) (/ Om Omc) -1.0) -1.0))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt((fma((Om / Omc), (Om / Omc), -1.0) / -1.0)));
}

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(fma(Float64(Om / Omc), Float64(Om / Omc), -1.0) / -1.0)))
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] * N[(Om / Omc), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 84.3%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. remove-double-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   2. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. distribute-neg-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. distribute-neg-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   7. remove-double-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lift-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. associate-*r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. count-2-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{1}}}\right) \]

   14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

   15. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   17. div-add-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   18. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   19. lower-+.f64 84.3

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{t + t}}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 84.3%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 73.1%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot -2, t, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 51.6%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 48.4% accurate, 2.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} t_m = \left|t\right| \\ l_m = \left|\ell\right| \\ \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}, Om, -1\right)}{-1}}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

t_m = (fabs.f64 t)
l_m = (fabs.f64 l)
(FPCore (t_m l_m Om Omc)
 :precision binary64
 (asin (sqrt (/ (fma (/ Om (* Omc Omc)) Om -1.0) -1.0))))

C

t_m = fabs(t);
l_m = fabs(l);
double code(double t_m, double l_m, double Om, double Omc) {
	return asin(sqrt((fma((Om / (Omc * Omc)), Om, -1.0) / -1.0)));
}

Julia

t_m = abs(t)
l_m = abs(l)
function code(t_m, l_m, Om, Omc)
	return asin(sqrt(Float64(fma(Float64(Om / Float64(Omc * Omc)), Om, -1.0) / -1.0)))
end

Wolfram

t_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
l_m = N[Abs[l], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$m_, l$95$m_, Om_, Omc_] := N[ArcSin[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(Om / N[(Omc * Omc), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * Om + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / -1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 84.3%

   \[\sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. remove-double-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   2. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + 2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)}\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   4. distribute-neg-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}\right) \]

   5. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-1}\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   6. distribute-neg-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}}\right) \]

   7. remove-double-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   8. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   9. lift-pow.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{t}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   10. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   11. associate-*r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   12. count-2-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}\right) \]

   13. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}\right) \cdot \frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{1}}}\right) \]

   14. lower-fma.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

   15. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}} + \frac{t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   16. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell} + \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   17. div-add-rev N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   18. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{t + t}{\ell}}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

   19. lower-+.f64 84.3

       \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{t + t}}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 84.3%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{1 - {\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t + t}{\ell}, \frac{t}{\ell}, 1\right)}}}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 73.1%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot -2, t, -1\right)}}}\right) \]

6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 51.6%

   \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc}, \frac{Om}{Omc}, -1\right)}{\color{blue}{-1}}}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc} + -1}}{-1}}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc}} \cdot \frac{Om}{Omc} + -1}{-1}}\right) \]

   3. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{Om}{Omc} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc}} + -1}{-1}}\right) \]

   4. frac-times N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}} + -1}{-1}}\right) \]

   5. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{\color{blue}{Omc \cdot Omc}} + -1}{-1}}\right) \]

   6. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc} \cdot Om} + -1}{-1}}\right) \]

   7. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}} \cdot Om + -1}{-1}}\right) \]

   8. lift-fma.f64 48.4

      \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \left(\sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}, Om, -1\right)}}{-1}}\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 48.4%

    \[\leadsto \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{Om}{Omc \cdot Omc}, Om, -1\right)}{-1}}\right)} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025155 
(FPCore (t l Om Omc)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (2)"
  :precision binary64
  (asin (sqrt (/ (- 1.0 (pow (/ Om Omc) 2.0)) (+ 1.0 (* 2.0 (pow (/ t l) 2.0)))))))