
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Herbie found 15 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ 0.125 (* (* s PI) (* (exp (/ r s)) r))) (/ (* (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * (expf((r / s)) * r))) + ((expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s))) * 0.75f) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / s)) * r))) + Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s))) * Float32(0.75)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / ((s * single(pi)) * (exp((r / s)) * r))) + ((exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s))) * single(0.75)) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(e^{\frac{r}{s}} \cdot r\right)} + \frac{e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
frac-timesN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/r*N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
frac-2negN/A
mult-flipN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*l/N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
associate-/l/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ 0.125 (* (* s PI) (* (exp (/ r s)) r))) (/ (* (/ 0.125 (* PI s)) (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s)))) r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / ((s * ((float) M_PI)) * (expf((r / s)) * r))) + (((0.125f / (((float) M_PI) * s)) * expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s)))) / r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / s)) * r))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(pi) * s)) * exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s)))) / r)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / ((s * single(pi)) * (exp((r / s)) * r))) + (((single(0.125) / (single(pi) * s)) * exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s)))) / r); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{\left(s \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(e^{\frac{r}{s}} \cdot r\right)} + \frac{\frac{0.125}{\pi \cdot s} \cdot e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
frac-timesN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/r*N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
frac-2negN/A
mult-flipN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*l/N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
associate-/l/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (fma (/ (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s))) (* PI s)) 0.125 (/ 0.125 (* (* PI s) (exp (/ r s))))) r))
float code(float s, float r) {
return fmaf((expf((r / (-3.0f * s))) / (((float) M_PI) * s)), 0.125f, (0.125f / ((((float) M_PI) * s) * expf((r / s))))) / r;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(fma(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(Float32(-3.0) * s))) / Float32(Float32(pi) * s)), Float32(0.125), Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * s) * exp(Float32(r / s))))) / r) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}}}{\pi \cdot s}, 0.125, \frac{0.125}{\left(\pi \cdot s\right) \cdot e^{\frac{r}{s}}}\right)}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
1.0
(/
s
(*
(/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s)))) (* r PI))
0.125))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 1.0f / (s / (((expf((-r / s)) + expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s)))) / (r * ((float) M_PI))) * 0.125f));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(s / Float32(Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) * Float32(0.125)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(1.0) / (s / (((exp((-r / s)) + exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s)))) / (r * single(pi))) * single(0.125))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{s}{\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r \cdot \pi} \cdot 0.125}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
Applied rewrites99.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (* (/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s)))) (* r PI)) 0.125) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((expf((-r / s)) + expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s)))) / (r * ((float) M_PI))) * 0.125f) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) * Float32(0.125)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((exp((-r / s)) + exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s)))) / (r * single(pi))) * single(0.125)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r \cdot \pi} \cdot 0.125}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (* (/ (+ (exp (/ (- r) s)) (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s)))) PI) 0.125) (* s r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((expf((-r / s)) + expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s)))) / ((float) M_PI)) * 0.125f) / (s * r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s)) + exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s)))) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(0.125)) / Float32(s * r)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (((exp((-r / s)) + exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s)))) / single(pi)) * single(0.125)) / (s * r); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} + e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{\pi} \cdot 0.125}{s \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-fma.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
distribute-rgt-outN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(if (<= r 25.0)
(fma
0.125
(/ (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s))) (* PI (* s r)))
(/ (/ 0.125 (fma r PI (* s PI))) r))
(/ 0.25 (log (pow (exp (* r PI)) s)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
float tmp;
if (r <= 25.0f) {
tmp = fmaf(0.125f, (expf((r / (-3.0f * s))) / (((float) M_PI) * (s * r))), ((0.125f / fmaf(r, ((float) M_PI), (s * ((float) M_PI)))) / r));
} else {
tmp = 0.25f / logf(powf(expf((r * ((float) M_PI))), s));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(s, r) tmp = Float32(0.0) if (r <= Float32(25.0)) tmp = fma(Float32(0.125), Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(Float32(-3.0) * s))) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(s * r))), Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / fma(r, Float32(pi), Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) / r)); else tmp = Float32(Float32(0.25) / log((exp(Float32(r * Float32(pi))) ^ s))); end return tmp end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;r \leq 25:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}}}{\pi \cdot \left(s \cdot r\right)}, \frac{\frac{0.125}{\mathsf{fma}\left(r, \pi, s \cdot \pi\right)}}{r}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.25}{\log \left({\left(e^{r \cdot \pi}\right)}^{s}\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if r < 25Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
lower-fma.f32N/A
lower-PI.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3212.1
Applied rewrites12.1%
if 25 < r Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
add-log-expN/A
log-pow-revN/A
log-pow-revN/A
lower-log.f32N/A
lower-pow.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
pow-expN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-exp.f3242.2
Applied rewrites42.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (log (pow (exp PI) r)) s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (logf(powf(expf(((float) M_PI)), r)) * s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(log((exp(Float32(pi)) ^ r)) * s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (log((exp(single(pi)) ^ r)) * s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\log \left({\left(e^{\pi}\right)}^{r}\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f328.8
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
add-log-expN/A
log-pow-revN/A
lower-log.f32N/A
lower-pow.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lower-exp.f3243.4
Applied rewrites43.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (log (pow (exp (* r PI)) s))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / logf(powf(expf((r * ((float) M_PI))), s));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / log((exp(Float32(r * Float32(pi))) ^ s))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / log((exp((r * single(pi))) ^ s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\log \left({\left(e^{r \cdot \pi}\right)}^{s}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
add-log-expN/A
log-pow-revN/A
log-pow-revN/A
lower-log.f32N/A
lower-pow.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
pow-expN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-exp.f3242.2
Applied rewrites42.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (log (exp (* r (* s PI))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / logf(expf((r * (s * ((float) M_PI)))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / log(exp(Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / log(exp((r * (s * single(pi))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\log \left(e^{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
add-log-expN/A
log-pow-revN/A
lower-log.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
pow-expN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*r*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-exp.f329.8
Applied rewrites9.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 s) (* r PI)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / s) / (r * ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / s) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / s) / (r * single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{s}}{r \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f328.8
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-/.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 (* r s)) PI))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / (r * s)) / ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * s)) / Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / (r * s)) / single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r \cdot s}}{\pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-/.f328.8
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* r PI) s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / ((r * ((float) M_PI)) * s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(r * Float32(pi)) * s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / ((r * single(pi)) * s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(r \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*r*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* r s) PI)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / ((r * s) * ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(r * s) * Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / ((r * s) * single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(r \cdot s\right) \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f328.8
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* r (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (r * (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
herbie shell --seed 2025155
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))