Curve intersection, scale width based on ribbon orientation

Percentage Accurate: 97.2% → 99.1%
Time: 4.1s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 19.0×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(0 \leq normAngle \land normAngle \leq \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \land \left(-1 \leq n0\_i \land n0\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq n1\_i \land n1\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u \land u \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\ \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))))
   (+
    (* (* (sin (* (- 1.0 u) normAngle)) t_0) n0_i)
    (* (* (sin (* u normAngle)) t_0) n1_i))))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	float t_0 = 1.0f / sinf(normAngle);
	return ((sinf(((1.0f - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sinf((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(normangle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: normangle
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    real(4), intent (in) :: n0_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: n1_i
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = 1.0e0 / sin(normangle)
    code = ((sin(((1.0e0 - u) * normangle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normangle)) * t_0) * n1_i)
end function
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / sin(normAngle))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i))
end
function tmp = code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = single(1.0) / sin(normAngle);
	tmp = ((sin(((single(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\
\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i
\end{array}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 97.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\ \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))))
   (+
    (* (* (sin (* (- 1.0 u) normAngle)) t_0) n0_i)
    (* (* (sin (* u normAngle)) t_0) n1_i))))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	float t_0 = 1.0f / sinf(normAngle);
	return ((sinf(((1.0f - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sinf((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(normangle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: normangle
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    real(4), intent (in) :: n0_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: n1_i
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = 1.0e0 / sin(normangle)
    code = ((sin(((1.0e0 - u) * normangle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normangle)) * t_0) * n1_i)
end function
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / sin(normAngle))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i))
end
function tmp = code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = single(1.0) / sin(normAngle);
	tmp = ((sin(((single(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\
\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.1% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ n0\_i + \mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i - n0\_i, \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(u, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, n0\_i, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right), \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, n0\_i \cdot -0.3333333333333333, 0.008333333333333333 \cdot n0\_i\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.027777777777777776, n1\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.008333333333333333, n1\_i, 0.041666666666666664 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (+
  n0_i
  (fma
   u
   (- n1_i n0_i)
   (*
    (* normAngle normAngle)
    (fma
     u
     (-
      (* -0.16666666666666666 n0_i)
      (fma -0.5 n0_i (* -0.16666666666666666 n1_i)))
     (*
      (* normAngle normAngle)
      (*
       u
       (-
        (fma
         -0.16666666666666666
         (* n0_i -0.3333333333333333)
         (* 0.008333333333333333 n0_i))
        (fma
         -0.027777777777777776
         n1_i
         (fma 0.008333333333333333 n1_i (* 0.041666666666666664 n0_i)))))))))))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return n0_i + fmaf(u, (n1_i - n0_i), ((normAngle * normAngle) * fmaf(u, ((-0.16666666666666666f * n0_i) - fmaf(-0.5f, n0_i, (-0.16666666666666666f * n1_i))), ((normAngle * normAngle) * (u * (fmaf(-0.16666666666666666f, (n0_i * -0.3333333333333333f), (0.008333333333333333f * n0_i)) - fmaf(-0.027777777777777776f, n1_i, fmaf(0.008333333333333333f, n1_i, (0.041666666666666664f * n0_i)))))))));
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return Float32(n0_i + fma(u, Float32(n1_i - n0_i), Float32(Float32(normAngle * normAngle) * fma(u, Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * n0_i) - fma(Float32(-0.5), n0_i, Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * n1_i))), Float32(Float32(normAngle * normAngle) * Float32(u * Float32(fma(Float32(-0.16666666666666666), Float32(n0_i * Float32(-0.3333333333333333)), Float32(Float32(0.008333333333333333) * n0_i)) - fma(Float32(-0.027777777777777776), n1_i, fma(Float32(0.008333333333333333), n1_i, Float32(Float32(0.041666666666666664) * n0_i))))))))))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
n0\_i + \mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i - n0\_i, \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(u, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, n0\_i, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right), \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, n0\_i \cdot -0.3333333333333333, 0.008333333333333333 \cdot n0\_i\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.027777777777777776, n1\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.008333333333333333, n1\_i, 0.041666666666666664 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i + u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right)} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i, \frac{normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, -\frac{\left(n0\_i \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \cos normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right), u, n0\_i\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto n0\_i + \color{blue}{\left(u \cdot \left(n1\_i - n0\_i\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i\right) + \frac{1}{120} \cdot n0\_i\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{36} \cdot n1\_i + \left(\frac{1}{120} \cdot n1\_i + \frac{1}{24} \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto n0\_i + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i - n0\_i, \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(u, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, n0\_i, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right), \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, n0\_i \cdot -0.3333333333333333, 0.008333333333333333 \cdot n0\_i\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.027777777777777776, n1\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.008333333333333333, n1\_i, 0.041666666666666664 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 6.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (fma
  (-
   (+
    n1_i
    (*
     (* normAngle normAngle)
     (fma 0.3333333333333333 n0_i (* 0.16666666666666666 n1_i))))
   n0_i)
  u
  n0_i))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return fmaf(((n1_i + ((normAngle * normAngle) * fmaf(0.3333333333333333f, n0_i, (0.16666666666666666f * n1_i)))) - n0_i), u, n0_i);
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return fma(Float32(Float32(n1_i + Float32(Float32(normAngle * normAngle) * fma(Float32(0.3333333333333333), n0_i, Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * n1_i)))) - n0_i), u, n0_i)
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i + u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right)} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i, \frac{normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, -\frac{\left(n0\_i \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \cos normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right), u, n0\_i\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    2. lower-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    3. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    4. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    5. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    6. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    8. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, n0\_i, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, n0\_i, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, n0\_i, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  8. Taylor expanded in n0_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot n0\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    2. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3}, n0\_i, \frac{1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    4. lower-*.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  10. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.8% accurate, 8.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (fma
  (- (+ n1_i (* (* normAngle normAngle) (* 0.16666666666666666 n1_i))) n0_i)
  u
  n0_i))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return fmaf(((n1_i + ((normAngle * normAngle) * (0.16666666666666666f * n1_i))) - n0_i), u, n0_i);
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return fma(Float32(Float32(n1_i + Float32(Float32(normAngle * normAngle) * Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * n1_i))) - n0_i), u, n0_i)
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i + u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right)} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i, \frac{normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, -\frac{\left(n0\_i \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \cos normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right), u, n0\_i\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    2. lower-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    3. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    4. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    5. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    6. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot n0\_i + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    8. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, n0\_i, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, n0\_i, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot n0\_i - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, n0\_i, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  8. Taylor expanded in n0_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f3298.8

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  10. Applied rewrites98.8%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(n1\_i + \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot n1\_i\right)\right) - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.1% accurate, 19.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i) :precision binary32 (fma (- n1_i n0_i) u n0_i))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return fmaf((n1_i - n0_i), u, n0_i);
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return fma(Float32(n1_i - n0_i), u, n0_i)
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i + u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right)} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i, \frac{normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, -\frac{\left(n0\_i \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \cos normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right), u, n0\_i\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower--.f3298.1

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 58.3% accurate, 21.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(-n0\_i\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i) :precision binary32 (+ (* (- n0_i) u) n0_i))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return (-n0_i * u) + n0_i;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(normangle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: normangle
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    real(4), intent (in) :: n0_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: n1_i
    code = (-n0_i * u) + n0_i
end function
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-n0_i) * u) + n0_i)
end
function tmp = code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	tmp = (-n0_i * u) + n0_i;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(-n0\_i\right) \cdot u + n0\_i
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i + u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right)} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1 \cdot \frac{n0\_i \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot \cos normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} + \frac{n1\_i \cdot normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites95.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i, \frac{normAngle}{\sin normAngle}, -\frac{\left(n0\_i \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \cos normAngle}{\sin normAngle}\right), u, n0\_i\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower--.f3298.1

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i - n0\_i\right) \cdot u + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    2. lower-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i - n0\_i\right) \cdot u + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    3. lower-*.f3298.0

      \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i - n0\_i\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
  9. Applied rewrites98.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i - n0\_i\right) \cdot u + \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in n0_i around inf

    \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(n0\_i\right)\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    2. lower-neg.f3258.3

      \[\leadsto \left(-n0\_i\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
  12. Applied rewrites58.3%

    \[\leadsto \left(-n0\_i\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 46.8% accurate, 161.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ n0\_i \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i) :precision binary32 n0_i)
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return n0_i;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(normangle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: normangle
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    real(4), intent (in) :: n0_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: n1_i
    code = n0_i
end function
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return n0_i
end
function tmp = code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	tmp = n0_i;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
n0\_i
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites46.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2025143 
    (FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
      :name "Curve intersection, scale width based on ribbon orientation"
      :precision binary32
      :pre (and (and (and (and (<= 0.0 normAngle) (<= normAngle (/ PI 2.0))) (and (<= -1.0 n0_i) (<= n0_i 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 n1_i) (<= n1_i 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)))
      (+ (* (* (sin (* (- 1.0 u) normAngle)) (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))) n0_i) (* (* (sin (* u normAngle)) (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))) n1_i)))