Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.4%
Time: 2.6s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0)
  (* (- 1.0 (* v v)) (* (* (sqrt (fma -6.0 (* v v) 2.0)) PI) t))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return fma(-5.0, (v * v), 1.0) / ((1.0 - (v * v)) * ((sqrt(fma(-6.0, (v * v), 2.0)) * ((double) M_PI)) * t));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(fma(-5.0, Float64(v * v), 1.0) / Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)) * Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(-6.0, Float64(v * v), 2.0)) * pi) * t)))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-6.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f6499.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot t\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0)
  (* (- 1.0 (* v v)) (* (sqrt (fma (* v v) -6.0 2.0)) (* PI t)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return fma(-5.0, (v * v), 1.0) / ((1.0 - (v * v)) * (sqrt(fma((v * v), -6.0, 2.0)) * (((double) M_PI) * t)));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(fma(-5.0, Float64(v * v), 1.0) / Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)) * Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(v * v), -6.0, 2.0)) * Float64(pi * t))))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -6.0 + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot t\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f6499.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)} \]
    4. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{-6 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + \color{blue}{2}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
    9. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + 2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
    10. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{{v}^{2} \cdot -6 + 2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
    11. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, \color{blue}{-6}, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
    12. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
    13. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
    14. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{Rewrite<=}\left(*-commutative, \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)\right)\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot t\right)\right)}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.7% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}}{t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (/ 1.0 (* (sqrt 2.0) PI)) t))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / (sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI))) / t;
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / (Math.sqrt(2.0) * Math.PI)) / t;
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 / (math.sqrt(2.0) * math.pi)) / t
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi)) / t)
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 / (sqrt(2.0) * pi)) / t;
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}}{t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-PI.f6498.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
    5. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    7. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    9. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    10. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    11. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    12. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    13. lift-PI.f6498.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}}{t} \]
  6. Applied rewrites98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.4% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (/ 1.0 PI) (* (sqrt 2.0) t)))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / ((double) M_PI)) / (sqrt(2.0) * t);
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / Math.PI) / (Math.sqrt(2.0) * t);
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 / math.pi) / (math.sqrt(2.0) * t)
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / pi) / Float64(sqrt(2.0) * t))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 / pi) / (sqrt(2.0) * t);
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 / Pi), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-PI.f6498.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    12. lift-sqrt.f6498.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites98.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    5. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\color{blue}{t} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]
    9. lift-sqrt.f6498.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
  8. Applied rewrites98.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{t} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    4. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\color{blue}{t} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    7. lift-PI.f6498.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    9. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{t \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    10. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    11. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    12. lift-sqrt.f6498.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot t} \]
  10. Applied rewrites98.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot t}} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) t)))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * t);
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / ((Math.sqrt(2.0) * Math.PI) * t);
}
def code(v, t):
	return 1.0 / ((math.sqrt(2.0) * math.pi) * t)
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = 1.0 / ((sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t);
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-PI.f6498.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 98.2% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* PI t) (sqrt 2.0))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / ((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt(2.0));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / ((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt(2.0));
}
def code(v, t):
	return 1.0 / ((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt(2.0))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(2.0)))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = 1.0 / ((pi * t) * sqrt(2.0));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-PI.f6498.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    12. lift-sqrt.f6498.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites98.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 98.2% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* PI (* t (sqrt 2.0)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / (((double) M_PI) * (t * sqrt(2.0)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / (Math.PI * (t * Math.sqrt(2.0)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return 1.0 / (math.pi * (t * math.sqrt(2.0)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi * Float64(t * sqrt(2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = 1.0 / (pi * (t * sqrt(2.0)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(Pi * N[(t * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-PI.f6498.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    12. lift-sqrt.f6498.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites98.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    5. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    7. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\color{blue}{t} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]
    9. lift-sqrt.f6498.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
  8. Applied rewrites98.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2025142 
(FPCore (v t)
  :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))