Numeric.SpecFunctions:choose from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 84.6% → 98.0%
Time: 2.4s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (+ y z)) z))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (y + z)) / z;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * (y + z)) / z
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (y + z)) / z;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * (y + z)) / z
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(y + z)) / z)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * (y + z)) / z;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 84.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (+ y z)) z))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (y + z)) / z;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * (y + z)) / z
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (y + z)) / z;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * (y + z)) / z
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(y + z)) / z)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * (y + z)) / z;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-26}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x\_m}{z}, x\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, x\_m, x\_m\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (* x_s (if (<= x_m 4e-26) (fma y (/ x_m z) x_m) (fma (/ y z) x_m x_m))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 4e-26) {
		tmp = fma(y, (x_m / z), x_m);
	} else {
		tmp = fma((y / z), x_m, x_m);
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_m <= 4e-26)
		tmp = fma(y, Float64(x_m / z), x_m);
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(y / z), x_m, x_m);
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[x$95$m, 4e-26], N[(y * N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-26}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x\_m}{z}, x\_m\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, x\_m, x\_m\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 4.0000000000000002e-26

    1. Initial program 84.6%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites39.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{z}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{z} \]
        3. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
        5. lower-/.f6450.7

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{z}{z}} \]
      3. Applied rewrites50.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites50.7%

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{x \cdot y}{z}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{z} + \color{blue}{x} \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{z} + x \]
          3. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto y \cdot \frac{x}{z} + x \]
          4. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}, x\right) \]
          5. lower-/.f6494.0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z}}, x\right) \]
        4. Applied rewrites94.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x}{z}, x\right)} \]

        if 4.0000000000000002e-26 < x

        1. Initial program 84.6%

          \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{x \cdot y}{z}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{z} + \color{blue}{x} \]
          2. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \frac{y}{z} + x \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z} \cdot x + x \]
          4. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
          5. lower-/.f6495.8

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, x, x\right) \]
        4. Applied rewrites95.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, x, x\right)} \]
      6. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 94.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x\_m}{z}, x\_m\right) \end{array} \]
      x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
      x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
      (FPCore (x_s x_m y z) :precision binary64 (* x_s (fma y (/ x_m z) x_m)))
      x\_m = fabs(x);
      x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
      double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
      	return x_s * fma(y, (x_m / z), x_m);
      }
      
      x\_m = abs(x)
      x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
      function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
      	return Float64(x_s * fma(y, Float64(x_m / z), x_m))
      end
      
      x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
      x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(y * N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      x\_m = \left|x\right|
      \\
      x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
      
      \\
      x\_s \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x\_m}{z}, x\_m\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 84.6%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites39.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{z}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{z} \]
          3. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
          5. lower-/.f6450.7

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{z}{z}} \]
        3. Applied rewrites50.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
        4. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites50.7%

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{x \cdot y}{z}} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{z} + \color{blue}{x} \]
            2. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{z} + x \]
            3. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto y \cdot \frac{x}{z} + x \]
            4. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}, x\right) \]
            5. lower-/.f6494.0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z}}, x\right) \]
          4. Applied rewrites94.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, \frac{x}{z}, x\right)} \]
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 73.9% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -11500000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot x\_m}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
          x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
          (FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
           :precision binary64
           (*
            x_s
            (if (<= z -11500000000000.0)
              (* x_m 1.0)
              (if (<= z 2.9e-46) (/ (* y x_m) z) (* x_m 1.0)))))
          x\_m = fabs(x);
          x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
          double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (z <= -11500000000000.0) {
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
          	} else if (z <= 2.9e-46) {
          		tmp = (y * x_m) / z;
          	} else {
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
          	}
          	return x_s * tmp;
          }
          
          x\_m =     private
          x\_s =     private
          module fmin_fmax_functions
              implicit none
              private
              public fmax
              public fmin
          
              interface fmax
                  module procedure fmax88
                  module procedure fmax44
                  module procedure fmax84
                  module procedure fmax48
              end interface
              interface fmin
                  module procedure fmin88
                  module procedure fmin44
                  module procedure fmin84
                  module procedure fmin48
              end interface
          contains
              real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
          end module
          
          real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
          use fmin_fmax_functions
              real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
              real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              real(8) :: tmp
              if (z <= (-11500000000000.0d0)) then
                  tmp = x_m * 1.0d0
              else if (z <= 2.9d-46) then
                  tmp = (y * x_m) / z
              else
                  tmp = x_m * 1.0d0
              end if
              code = x_s * tmp
          end function
          
          x\_m = Math.abs(x);
          x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
          public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (z <= -11500000000000.0) {
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
          	} else if (z <= 2.9e-46) {
          		tmp = (y * x_m) / z;
          	} else {
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
          	}
          	return x_s * tmp;
          }
          
          x\_m = math.fabs(x)
          x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
          def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
          	tmp = 0
          	if z <= -11500000000000.0:
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0
          	elif z <= 2.9e-46:
          		tmp = (y * x_m) / z
          	else:
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0
          	return x_s * tmp
          
          x\_m = abs(x)
          x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
          function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (z <= -11500000000000.0)
          		tmp = Float64(x_m * 1.0);
          	elseif (z <= 2.9e-46)
          		tmp = Float64(Float64(y * x_m) / z);
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(x_m * 1.0);
          	end
          	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
          end
          
          x\_m = abs(x);
          x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
          function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (z <= -11500000000000.0)
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
          	elseif (z <= 2.9e-46)
          		tmp = (y * x_m) / z;
          	else
          		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = x_s * tmp;
          end
          
          x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
          x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
          code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[z, -11500000000000.0], N[(x$95$m * 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[z, 2.9e-46], N[(N[(y * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$95$m * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          x\_m = \left|x\right|
          \\
          x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
          
          \\
          x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -11500000000000:\\
          \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot x\_m}{z}\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if z < -1.15e13 or 2.90000000000000005e-46 < z

            1. Initial program 84.6%

              \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites39.9%

                \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lift-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{z}} \]
                2. lift-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{z} \]
                3. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                5. lower-/.f6450.7

                  \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{z}{z}} \]
              3. Applied rewrites50.7%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
              4. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
              5. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites50.7%

                  \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]

                if -1.15e13 < z < 2.90000000000000005e-46

                1. Initial program 84.6%

                  \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{z} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{x}}{z} \]
                  2. lower-*.f6447.8

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{x}}{z} \]
                4. Applied rewrites47.8%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{z} \]
              6. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              7. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 71.7% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -11500000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{z} \cdot x\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
              x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
              (FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
               :precision binary64
               (*
                x_s
                (if (<= z -11500000000000.0)
                  (* x_m 1.0)
                  (if (<= z 2.3e-46) (* (/ y z) x_m) (* x_m 1.0)))))
              x\_m = fabs(x);
              x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
              double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (z <= -11500000000000.0) {
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
              	} else if (z <= 2.3e-46) {
              		tmp = (y / z) * x_m;
              	} else {
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
              	}
              	return x_s * tmp;
              }
              
              x\_m =     private
              x\_s =     private
              module fmin_fmax_functions
                  implicit none
                  private
                  public fmax
                  public fmin
              
                  interface fmax
                      module procedure fmax88
                      module procedure fmax44
                      module procedure fmax84
                      module procedure fmax48
                  end interface
                  interface fmin
                      module procedure fmin88
                      module procedure fmin44
                      module procedure fmin84
                      module procedure fmin48
                  end interface
              contains
                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
              end module
              
              real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
              use fmin_fmax_functions
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  real(8), intent (in) :: z
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  if (z <= (-11500000000000.0d0)) then
                      tmp = x_m * 1.0d0
                  else if (z <= 2.3d-46) then
                      tmp = (y / z) * x_m
                  else
                      tmp = x_m * 1.0d0
                  end if
                  code = x_s * tmp
              end function
              
              x\_m = Math.abs(x);
              x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
              public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (z <= -11500000000000.0) {
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
              	} else if (z <= 2.3e-46) {
              		tmp = (y / z) * x_m;
              	} else {
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
              	}
              	return x_s * tmp;
              }
              
              x\_m = math.fabs(x)
              x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
              def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
              	tmp = 0
              	if z <= -11500000000000.0:
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0
              	elif z <= 2.3e-46:
              		tmp = (y / z) * x_m
              	else:
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0
              	return x_s * tmp
              
              x\_m = abs(x)
              x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
              function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (z <= -11500000000000.0)
              		tmp = Float64(x_m * 1.0);
              	elseif (z <= 2.3e-46)
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(y / z) * x_m);
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(x_m * 1.0);
              	end
              	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
              end
              
              x\_m = abs(x);
              x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
              function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if (z <= -11500000000000.0)
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
              	elseif (z <= 2.3e-46)
              		tmp = (y / z) * x_m;
              	else
              		tmp = x_m * 1.0;
              	end
              	tmp_2 = x_s * tmp;
              end
              
              x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
              x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
              code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[z, -11500000000000.0], N[(x$95$m * 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[z, 2.3e-46], N[(N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$95$m * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              x\_m = \left|x\right|
              \\
              x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
              
              \\
              x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -11500000000000:\\
              \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\
              
              \mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-46}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{z} \cdot x\_m\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;x\_m \cdot 1\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if z < -1.15e13 or 2.2999999999999999e-46 < z

                1. Initial program 84.6%

                  \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites39.9%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{z}} \]
                    2. lift-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{z} \]
                    3. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                    5. lower-/.f6450.7

                      \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{z}{z}} \]
                  3. Applied rewrites50.7%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                  4. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                    \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
                  5. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites50.7%

                      \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]

                    if -1.15e13 < z < 2.2999999999999999e-46

                    1. Initial program 84.6%

                      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{x \cdot y}{z}} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{z} + \color{blue}{x} \]
                      2. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto x \cdot \frac{y}{z} + x \]
                      3. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z} \cdot x + x \]
                      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                      5. lower-/.f6495.8

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, x, x\right) \]
                    4. Applied rewrites95.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{z}, x, x\right)} \]
                    5. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{z}} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \]
                      2. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
                      4. lift-/.f6447.2

                        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z} \cdot x \]
                    7. Applied rewrites47.2%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x} \]
                  6. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  7. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 5: 50.7% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot 1\right) \end{array} \]
                  x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
                  x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
                  (FPCore (x_s x_m y z) :precision binary64 (* x_s (* x_m 1.0)))
                  x\_m = fabs(x);
                  x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
                  double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
                  	return x_s * (x_m * 1.0);
                  }
                  
                  x\_m =     private
                  x\_s =     private
                  module fmin_fmax_functions
                      implicit none
                      private
                      public fmax
                      public fmin
                  
                      interface fmax
                          module procedure fmax88
                          module procedure fmax44
                          module procedure fmax84
                          module procedure fmax48
                      end interface
                      interface fmin
                          module procedure fmin88
                          module procedure fmin44
                          module procedure fmin84
                          module procedure fmin48
                      end interface
                  contains
                      real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                  end module
                  
                  real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
                  use fmin_fmax_functions
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      real(8), intent (in) :: z
                      code = x_s * (x_m * 1.0d0)
                  end function
                  
                  x\_m = Math.abs(x);
                  x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
                  public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
                  	return x_s * (x_m * 1.0);
                  }
                  
                  x\_m = math.fabs(x)
                  x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
                  def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
                  	return x_s * (x_m * 1.0)
                  
                  x\_m = abs(x)
                  x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
                  function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
                  	return Float64(x_s * Float64(x_m * 1.0))
                  end
                  
                  x\_m = abs(x);
                  x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
                  function tmp = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
                  	tmp = x_s * (x_m * 1.0);
                  end
                  
                  x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
                  x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
                  code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(x$95$m * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  x\_m = \left|x\right|
                  \\
                  x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
                  
                  \\
                  x\_s \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot 1\right)
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 84.6%

                    \[\frac{x \cdot \left(y + z\right)}{z} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites39.9%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{z}}{z} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lift-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{z}} \]
                      2. lift-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{z} \]
                      3. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                      5. lower-/.f6450.7

                        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{z}{z}} \]
                    3. Applied rewrites50.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}} \]
                    4. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                      \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
                    5. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites50.7%

                        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing

                      Reproduce

                      ?
                      herbie shell --seed 2025142 
                      (FPCore (x y z)
                        :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:choose from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
                        :precision binary64
                        (/ (* x (+ y z)) z))