Rust f32::asinh

Percentage Accurate: 38.2% → 99.5%
Time: 2.6s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 5.8×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary32
 (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x))
float code(float x) {
	return copysignf(logf((fabsf(x) + sqrtf(((x * x) + 1.0f)))), x);
}
function code(x)
	return copysign(log(Float32(abs(x) + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(1.0))))), x)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sign(x) * abs(log((abs(x) + sqrt(((x * x) + single(1.0))))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right)
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 38.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary32
 (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x))
float code(float x) {
	return copysignf(logf((fabsf(x) + sqrtf(((x * x) + 1.0f)))), x);
}
function code(x)
	return copysign(log(Float32(abs(x) + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(1.0))))), x)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sign(x) * abs(log((abs(x) + sqrt(((x * x) + single(1.0))))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} x, x\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (copysign (asinh x) x))
float code(float x) {
	return copysignf(asinhf(x), x);
}
function code(x)
	return copysign(asinh(x), x)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sign(x) * abs(asinh(x));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} x, x\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 38.2%

    \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-log.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)}, x\right) \]
    2. lift-fabs.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right|} + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    3. lift-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)}, x\right) \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]
    5. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    6. lift-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]
    7. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{x}^{2}} + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    8. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {x}^{2}}}\right), x\right) \]
    9. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{\color{blue}{{x}^{2} + 1}}\right), x\right) \]
    10. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    11. sqr-abs-revN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right|} + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    12. asinh-def-revN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\left|x\right|\right)}, x\right) \]
    13. lower-asinh.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\left|x\right|\right)}, x\right) \]
    14. lift-fabs.f3299.5

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right|\right)}, x\right) \]
  3. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} \left(\left|x\right|\right), x\right)} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right|\right)}, x\right) \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x}\right), x\right) \]
    2. sqrt-unprodN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{x}}\right), x\right) \]
    3. rem-square-sqrt99.5

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} x, x\right) \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 75.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.2000000476837158:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + x\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= x 1.2000000476837158) (copysign x x) (copysign (log (+ x x)) x)))
float code(float x) {
	float tmp;
	if (x <= 1.2000000476837158f) {
		tmp = copysignf(x, x);
	} else {
		tmp = copysignf(logf((x + x)), x);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (x <= Float32(1.2000000476837158))
		tmp = copysign(x, x);
	else
		tmp = copysign(log(Float32(x + x)), x);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if (x <= single(1.2000000476837158))
		tmp = sign(x) * abs(x);
	else
		tmp = sign(x) * abs(log((x + x)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.2000000476837158:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + x\right), x\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 1.20000005

    1. Initial program 38.2%

      \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites31.6%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-fabs.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right|} + 1\right), x\right) \]
        2. lift-+.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right| + 1\right)}, x\right) \]
        3. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
        4. sqrt-unprodN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
        5. rem-square-sqrtN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{x} + 1\right), x\right) \]
        6. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
        7. lower-+.f3220.6

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
      3. Applied rewrites20.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(1 + x\right), x\right)} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)}, x\right) \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
        2. asinh-def-revN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x} \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
        3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
        4. sqrt-unprodN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
        5. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
        6. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
        7. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
      6. Applied rewrites53.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.044642857142857144, x \cdot x, 0.075\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - 0.16666666666666666, x \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x}, x\right) \]
      7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites54.2%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]

        if 1.20000005 < x

        1. Initial program 38.2%

          \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
        2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites31.6%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
          2. Taylor expanded in x around inf

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}\right)\right)}, x\right) \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}\right)\right), x\right) \]
            2. sqrt-unprodN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}\right)\right), x\right) \]
            3. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(1 \cdot x + \color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{x} \cdot x}\right), x\right) \]
            4. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|-1\right| \cdot x + \frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{x} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            5. rem-square-sqrtN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|-1\right| \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{\color{blue}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            6. sqrt-unprodN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x} + \frac{\left|x\right|}{\color{blue}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            7. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|-1\right| \cdot \left|x\right| + \frac{\left|x\right|}{\color{blue}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            8. fabs-mulN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|-1 \cdot x\right| + \color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            9. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right| + \frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{x} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            10. neg-fabsN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            11. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            12. sqrt-unprodN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x} + \color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            13. rem-square-sqrtN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            14. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \frac{\sqrt{x \cdot x}}{x} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            15. sqrt-unprodN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \frac{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}{x} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            16. pow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \frac{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}}{x} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            17. rem-square-sqrtN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \frac{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            18. pow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \frac{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            19. pow-divN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + {\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{\left(2 - 2\right)} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            20. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + {\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{0} \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            21. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + 1 \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            22. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \left|-1\right| \cdot x\right), x\right) \]
            23. rem-square-sqrtN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \left|-1\right| \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\right), x\right) \]
            24. sqrt-unprodN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x}\right), x\right) \]
            25. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \left|-1\right| \cdot \left|x\right|\right), x\right) \]
            26. fabs-mulN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \left|-1 \cdot x\right|\right), x\right) \]
            27. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \left|\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right|\right), x\right) \]
            28. neg-fabsN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \left|x\right|\right), x\right) \]
            29. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x}\right), x\right) \]
            30. sqrt-unprodN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + \sqrt{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{x}}\right), x\right) \]
            31. rem-square-sqrtN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + x\right), x\right) \]
          4. Applied rewrites26.7%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(x + x\right)}, x\right) \]
        4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        5. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 63.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x + 1, x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x)
         :precision binary32
         (if (<= (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x) 0.5)
           (copysign x x)
           (copysign (+ (log x) 1.0) x)))
        float code(float x) {
        	float tmp;
        	if (copysignf(logf((fabsf(x) + sqrtf(((x * x) + 1.0f)))), x) <= 0.5f) {
        		tmp = copysignf(x, x);
        	} else {
        		tmp = copysignf((logf(x) + 1.0f), x);
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(x)
        	tmp = Float32(0.0)
        	if (copysign(log(Float32(abs(x) + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(1.0))))), x) <= Float32(0.5))
        		tmp = copysign(x, x);
        	else
        		tmp = copysign(Float32(log(x) + Float32(1.0)), x);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(x)
        	tmp = single(0.0);
        	if ((sign(x) * abs(log((abs(x) + sqrt(((x * x) + single(1.0))))))) <= single(0.5))
        		tmp = sign(x) * abs(x);
        	else
        		tmp = sign(x) * abs((log(x) + single(1.0)));
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \leq 0.5:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x + 1, x\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (copysign.f32 (log.f32 (+.f32 (fabs.f32 x) (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32))))) x) < 0.5

          1. Initial program 38.2%

            \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
          2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites31.6%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-fabs.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right|} + 1\right), x\right) \]
              2. lift-+.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right| + 1\right)}, x\right) \]
              3. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
              4. sqrt-unprodN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
              5. rem-square-sqrtN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{x} + 1\right), x\right) \]
              6. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
              7. lower-+.f3220.6

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
            3. Applied rewrites20.6%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(1 + x\right), x\right)} \]
            4. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)}, x\right) \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
              2. asinh-def-revN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x} \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
              3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
              4. sqrt-unprodN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
              5. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
              6. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
              7. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
            6. Applied rewrites53.2%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.044642857142857144, x \cdot x, 0.075\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - 0.16666666666666666, x \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x}, x\right) \]
            7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]
            8. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites54.2%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]

              if 0.5 < (copysign.f32 (log.f32 (+.f32 (fabs.f32 x) (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32))))) x)

              1. Initial program 38.2%

                \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
              2. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}, x\right) \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. log-pow-revN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^{-1}\right), x\right) \]
                2. unpow-1N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{x}}\right), x\right) \]
                3. inv-powN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{{x}^{-1}}\right), x\right) \]
                4. pow-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({x}^{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}\right), x\right) \]
                5. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({x}^{1}\right), x\right) \]
                6. unpow1N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x, x\right) \]
                7. lower-log.f3213.6

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x, x\right) \]
              4. Applied rewrites13.6%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\log x}, x\right) \]
              5. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}}, x\right) \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                2. sqrt-unprodN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                3. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)\right) + \frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{x}, x\right) \]
                4. neg-logN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{x}}\right) + \frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{x}, x\right) \]
                5. inv-powN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{{x}^{-1}}\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                6. pow-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({x}^{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}\right) + \frac{\left|\color{blue}{x}\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                7. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({x}^{1}\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                8. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({x}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                9. sqrt-pow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{\left|\color{blue}{x}\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                10. pow-to-expN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(e^{\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2}\right) + \frac{\left|\color{blue}{x}\right|}{x}, x\right) \]
                11. rem-log-expN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + \frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{x}, x\right) \]
                12. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + \frac{\sqrt{x \cdot x}}{x}, x\right) \]
                13. sqrt-unprodN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + \frac{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}{x}, x\right) \]
                14. pow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + \frac{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}}{x}, x\right) \]
                15. rem-square-sqrtN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + \frac{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{x}}}, x\right) \]
                16. pow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + \frac{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{2}}{{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{\color{blue}{2}}}, x\right) \]
                17. pow-divN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + {\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(2 - 2\right)}}, x\right) \]
                18. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + {\left(\sqrt{x}\right)}^{0}, x\right) \]
                19. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + 1, x\right) \]
                20. lower-+.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{x}\right) \cdot 2 + \color{blue}{1}, x\right) \]
              7. Applied rewrites14.5%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\log x + 1}, x\right) \]
            9. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            10. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 4: 62.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x, x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x)
             :precision binary32
             (if (<= (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x) 2.0)
               (copysign x x)
               (copysign (log x) x)))
            float code(float x) {
            	float tmp;
            	if (copysignf(logf((fabsf(x) + sqrtf(((x * x) + 1.0f)))), x) <= 2.0f) {
            		tmp = copysignf(x, x);
            	} else {
            		tmp = copysignf(logf(x), x);
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(x)
            	tmp = Float32(0.0)
            	if (copysign(log(Float32(abs(x) + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(1.0))))), x) <= Float32(2.0))
            		tmp = copysign(x, x);
            	else
            		tmp = copysign(log(x), x);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(x)
            	tmp = single(0.0);
            	if ((sign(x) * abs(log((abs(x) + sqrt(((x * x) + single(1.0))))))) <= single(2.0))
            		tmp = sign(x) * abs(x);
            	else
            		tmp = sign(x) * abs(log(x));
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \leq 2:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x, x\right)\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (copysign.f32 (log.f32 (+.f32 (fabs.f32 x) (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32))))) x) < 2

              1. Initial program 38.2%

                \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
              2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites31.6%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-fabs.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right|} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                  2. lift-+.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right| + 1\right)}, x\right) \]
                  3. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                  4. sqrt-unprodN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                  5. rem-square-sqrtN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{x} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                  6. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
                  7. lower-+.f3220.6

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
                3. Applied rewrites20.6%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(1 + x\right), x\right)} \]
                4. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)}, x\right) \]
                5. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                  2. asinh-def-revN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x} \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                  3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                  4. sqrt-unprodN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                  5. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                  6. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                  7. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                6. Applied rewrites53.2%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.044642857142857144, x \cdot x, 0.075\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - 0.16666666666666666, x \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x}, x\right) \]
                7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]
                8. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites54.2%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]

                  if 2 < (copysign.f32 (log.f32 (+.f32 (fabs.f32 x) (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 x x) #s(literal 1 binary32))))) x)

                  1. Initial program 38.2%

                    \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}, x\right) \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. log-pow-revN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}^{-1}\right), x\right) \]
                    2. unpow-1N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{x}}\right), x\right) \]
                    3. inv-powN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{{x}^{-1}}\right), x\right) \]
                    4. pow-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({x}^{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}\right), x\right) \]
                    5. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left({x}^{1}\right), x\right) \]
                    6. unpow1N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x, x\right) \]
                    7. lower-log.f3213.6

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log x, x\right) \]
                  4. Applied rewrites13.6%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\log x}, x\right) \]
                9. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                10. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 5: 54.2% accurate, 5.8× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (copysign x x))
                float code(float x) {
                	return copysignf(x, x);
                }
                
                function code(x)
                	return copysign(x, x)
                end
                
                function tmp = code(x)
                	tmp = sign(x) * abs(x);
                end
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 38.2%

                  \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
                2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites31.6%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \color{blue}{1}\right), x\right) \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-fabs.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right|} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                    2. lift-+.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right| + 1\right)}, x\right) \]
                    3. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x \cdot x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                    4. sqrt-unprodN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                    5. rem-square-sqrtN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{x} + 1\right), x\right) \]
                    6. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
                    7. lower-+.f3220.6

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}, x\right) \]
                  3. Applied rewrites20.6%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(1 + x\right), x\right)} \]
                  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right)}, x\right) \]
                  5. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                    2. asinh-def-revN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{x} \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                    3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                    4. sqrt-unprodN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                    5. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right), x\right) \]
                    6. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                    7. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{40} + \frac{-5}{112} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{6}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                  6. Applied rewrites53.2%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.044642857142857144, x \cdot x, 0.075\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) - 0.16666666666666666, x \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x}, x\right) \]
                  7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]
                  8. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites54.2%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing

                    Developer Target 1: 99.6% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1}{\left|x\right|}\\ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left|x\right| + \frac{\left|x\right|}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, t\_0\right) + t\_0}\right), x\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x)
                     :precision binary32
                     (let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (fabs x))))
                       (copysign (log1p (+ (fabs x) (/ (fabs x) (+ (hypot 1.0 t_0) t_0)))) x)))
                    float code(float x) {
                    	float t_0 = 1.0f / fabsf(x);
                    	return copysignf(log1pf((fabsf(x) + (fabsf(x) / (hypotf(1.0f, t_0) + t_0)))), x);
                    }
                    
                    function code(x)
                    	t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / abs(x))
                    	return copysign(log1p(Float32(abs(x) + Float32(abs(x) / Float32(hypot(Float32(1.0), t_0) + t_0)))), x)
                    end
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    t_0 := \frac{1}{\left|x\right|}\\
                    \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left|x\right| + \frac{\left|x\right|}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, t\_0\right) + t\_0}\right), x\right)
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    

                    Reproduce

                    ?
                    herbie shell --seed 2025140 
                    (FPCore (x)
                      :name "Rust f32::asinh"
                      :precision binary32
                    
                      :alt
                      (! :herbie-platform c (let* ((ax (fabs x)) (ix (/ 1 ax))) (copysign (log1p (+ ax (/ ax (+ (hypot 1 ix) ix)))) x)))
                    
                      (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x))