Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.4%
Time: 2.6s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (*
   (* (* t (* PI (sqrt 2.0))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (pow v 2.0)))))
   (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((t * (((double) M_PI) * sqrt(2.0))) * sqrt((1.0 - (3.0 * pow(v, 2.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((t * (Math.PI * Math.sqrt(2.0))) * Math.sqrt((1.0 - (3.0 * Math.pow(v, 2.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((t * (math.pi * math.sqrt(2.0))) * math.sqrt((1.0 - (3.0 * math.pow(v, 2.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(t * Float64(pi * sqrt(2.0))) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * (v ^ 2.0))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((t * (pi * sqrt(2.0))) * sqrt((1.0 - (3.0 * (v ^ 2.0))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(t * N[(Pi * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[Power[v, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{3} \cdot {v}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    9. lower-pow.f6499.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t\_1}, \frac{1}{t\_1}\right)}{t} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* PI (sqrt 2.0))))
   (/ (fma -2.5 (/ (pow v 2.0) t_1) (/ 1.0 t_1)) t)))
double code(double v, double t) {
	double t_1 = ((double) M_PI) * sqrt(2.0);
	return fma(-2.5, (pow(v, 2.0) / t_1), (1.0 / t_1)) / t;
}
function code(v, t)
	t_1 = Float64(pi * sqrt(2.0))
	return Float64(fma(-2.5, Float64((v ^ 2.0) / t_1), Float64(1.0 / t_1)) / t)
end
code[v_, t_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(Pi * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(-2.5 * N[(N[Power[v, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t\_1}, \frac{1}{t\_1}\right)}{t}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    2. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    3. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\color{blue}{t} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    6. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. lower-sqrt.f6498.9

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    4. lift-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    7. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    8. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    9. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    11. lift-PI.f6499.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.8% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (/ 1.0 (* PI (sqrt 2.0))) t))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / (((double) M_PI) * sqrt(2.0))) / t;
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 / (Math.PI * Math.sqrt(2.0))) / t;
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 / (math.pi * math.sqrt(2.0))) / t
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi * sqrt(2.0))) / t)
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 / (pi * sqrt(2.0))) / t;
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(Pi * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    2. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    3. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\color{blue}{t} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    6. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. lower-sqrt.f6498.9

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    4. lift-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    7. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    8. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    9. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
    11. lift-PI.f6499.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{t} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, \frac{{v}^{2}}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}\right)}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    3. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    4. lift-/.f6498.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  10. Applied rewrites98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.4% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* t (* PI (sqrt 2.0)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / (t * (((double) M_PI) * sqrt(2.0)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 / (t * (Math.PI * Math.sqrt(2.0)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return 1.0 / (t * (math.pi * math.sqrt(2.0)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(t * Float64(pi * sqrt(2.0))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = 1.0 / (t * (pi * sqrt(2.0)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(t * N[(Pi * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]
    4. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}\right)} \]
    5. lower-sqrt.f6498.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2025132 
(FPCore (v t)
  :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))