b from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 0.1% → 36.5%
Time: 40.4s
Alternatives: 3
Speedup: 192.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 3 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 0.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 36.5% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{{\left(t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 10^{-73}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot \left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{t\_1}^{2}}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_3, 4 \cdot t\_3\right)}{{t\_2}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3 (/ (pow (* t_2 t_1) 2.0) (* x-scale_m x-scale_m))))
   (if (<= y-scale_m 1e-73)
     (*
      -0.25
      (*
       (* a_m (* x-scale_m (* y-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))))
       (sqrt
        (-
         (/ (pow t_1 2.0) (* x-scale_m x-scale_m))
         (* 0.5 (/ (fma -2.0 t_3 (* 4.0 t_3)) (pow t_2 2.0)))))))
     (* a_m x-scale_m))))
a_m = fabs(a);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = pow((t_2 * t_1), 2.0) / (x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m);
	double tmp;
	if (y_45_scale_m <= 1e-73) {
		tmp = -0.25 * ((a_m * (x_45_scale_m * (y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)))) * sqrt(((pow(t_1, 2.0) / (x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m)) - (0.5 * (fma(-2.0, t_3, (4.0 * t_3)) / pow(t_2, 2.0))))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64((Float64(t_2 * t_1) ^ 2.0) / Float64(x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y_45_scale_m <= 1e-73)
		tmp = Float64(-0.25 * Float64(Float64(a_m * Float64(x_45_scale_m * Float64(y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)))) * sqrt(Float64(Float64((t_1 ^ 2.0) / Float64(x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m)) - Float64(0.5 * Float64(fma(-2.0, t_3, Float64(4.0 * t_3)) / (t_2 ^ 2.0)))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$2 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y$45$scale$95$m, 1e-73], N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(a$95$m * N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[(y$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 * N[(N[(-2.0 * t$95$3 + N[(4.0 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[t$95$2, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{{\left(t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 10^{-73}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot \left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{t\_1}^{2}}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_3, 4 \cdot t\_3\right)}{{t\_2}^{2}}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y-scale < 9.99999999999999997e-74

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
    3. Applied rewrites2.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}, {\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} - \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites14.8%

        \[\leadsto -0.25 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]

      if 9.99999999999999997e-74 < y-scale

      1. Initial program 0.1%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites33.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f6433.0

            \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
        4. Applied rewrites33.0%

          \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 36.1% accurate, 2.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := {\left(t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-159}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y-scale\_m} \cdot \sqrt{{t\_2}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_3, 4 \cdot t\_3\right)}{{t\_1}^{2}}}\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
      x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
      y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
      (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))
              (t_1 (sin t_0))
              (t_2 (cos t_0))
              (t_3 (pow (* t_2 t_1) 2.0)))
         (if (<= y-scale_m 3e-159)
           (*
            0.25
            (*
             (* x-scale_m (* y-scale_m (sqrt 8.0)))
             (*
              a_m
              (*
               (/ 1.0 y-scale_m)
               (sqrt
                (-
                 (pow t_2 2.0)
                 (* 0.5 (/ (fma -2.0 t_3 (* 4.0 t_3)) (pow t_1 2.0)))))))))
           (* a_m x-scale_m))))
      a_m = fabs(a);
      x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
      y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
      double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
      	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
      	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
      	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
      	double t_3 = pow((t_2 * t_1), 2.0);
      	double tmp;
      	if (y_45_scale_m <= 3e-159) {
      		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * (y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0))) * (a_m * ((1.0 / y_45_scale_m) * sqrt((pow(t_2, 2.0) - (0.5 * (fma(-2.0, t_3, (4.0 * t_3)) / pow(t_1, 2.0))))))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      a_m = abs(a)
      x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
      y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
      function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
      	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
      	t_1 = sin(t_0)
      	t_2 = cos(t_0)
      	t_3 = Float64(t_2 * t_1) ^ 2.0
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (y_45_scale_m <= 3e-159)
      		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * Float64(y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0))) * Float64(a_m * Float64(Float64(1.0 / y_45_scale_m) * sqrt(Float64((t_2 ^ 2.0) - Float64(0.5 * Float64(fma(-2.0, t_3, Float64(4.0 * t_3)) / (t_1 ^ 2.0)))))))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
      x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
      y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
      code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[Power[N[(t$95$2 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y$45$scale$95$m, 3e-159], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[(y$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m * N[(N[(1.0 / y$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[t$95$2, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 * N[(N[(-2.0 * t$95$3 + N[(4.0 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      a_m = \left|a\right|
      \\
      x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
      \\
      y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\
      t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
      t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
      t_3 := {\left(t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-159}:\\
      \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y-scale\_m} \cdot \sqrt{{t\_2}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_3, 4 \cdot t\_3\right)}{{t\_1}^{2}}}\right)\right)\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if y-scale < 3.00000000000000009e-159

        1. Initial program 0.1%

          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{y-scale}^{2}}}{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
        3. Applied rewrites6.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \left({\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
        4. Taylor expanded in a around inf

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}}\right)\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites10.9%

          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}}}\right)\right) \]
        6. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y-scale} \cdot \sqrt{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right)\right) \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites18.7%

            \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y-scale} \cdot \sqrt{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)\right)\right) \]

          if 3.00000000000000009e-159 < y-scale

          1. Initial program 0.1%

            \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites33.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

              \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f6433.0

                \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
            4. Applied rewrites33.0%

              \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
          4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 33.0% accurate, 192.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m \end{array} \]
          a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
          x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
          y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
          (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
           :precision binary64
           (* a_m x-scale_m))
          a_m = fabs(a);
          x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
          y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
          double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
          	return a_m * x_45_scale_m;
          }
          
          a_m =     private
          x-scale_m =     private
          y-scale_m =     private
          module fmin_fmax_functions
              implicit none
              private
              public fmax
              public fmin
          
              interface fmax
                  module procedure fmax88
                  module procedure fmax44
                  module procedure fmax84
                  module procedure fmax48
              end interface
              interface fmin
                  module procedure fmin88
                  module procedure fmin44
                  module procedure fmin84
                  module procedure fmin48
              end interface
          contains
              real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
          end module
          
          real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
          use fmin_fmax_functions
              real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
              real(8), intent (in) :: b
              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
              code = a_m * x_45scale_m
          end function
          
          a_m = Math.abs(a);
          x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
          y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
          public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
          	return a_m * x_45_scale_m;
          }
          
          a_m = math.fabs(a)
          x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
          y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale)
          def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m):
          	return a_m * x_45_scale_m
          
          a_m = abs(a)
          x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
          y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
          function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
          	return Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m)
          end
          
          a_m = abs(a);
          x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
          y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale);
          function tmp = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
          	tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
          end
          
          a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
          x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
          y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
          code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          a_m = \left|a\right|
          \\
          x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
          \\
          y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
          
          \\
          a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 0.1%

            \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites33.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

              \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f6433.0

                \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
            4. Applied rewrites33.0%

              \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Reproduce

            ?
            herbie shell --seed 2025131 
            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
              :name "b from scale-rotated-ellipse"
              :precision binary64
              (/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (- (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))