UniformSampleCone 2

Percentage Accurate: 98.9% → 98.9%

Time: 5.9s

Alternatives: 17

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-10000 \leq xi \land xi \leq 10000\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq yi \land yi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq zi \land zi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
	t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi);
	tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
end

Initial Program: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = ((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
	t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi);
	tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
end

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+
    (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi))
    (* ux (fma -1.0 (* maxCos (* ux zi)) (* maxCos zi))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = ((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux;
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (ux * fmaf(-1.0f, (maxCos * (ux * zi)), (maxCos * zi)));
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(ux * fma(Float32(-1.0), Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi)), Float32(maxCos * zi))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot zi\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot zi\right)} \]

   2. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)}, maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot zi\right)}, maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 98.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right)} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* maxCos (* ux (- 1.0 ux))))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) PI)))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = maxCos * (ux * (1.0f - ux));
	float t_1 = sqrtf((1.0f - (t_0 * t_0)));
	float t_2 = (uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI);
	return (((cosf(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sinf(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)))
	t_1 = sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(t_0 * t_0)))
	t_2 = Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + Float32(Float32(sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + Float32(t_0 * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = maxCos * (ux * (single(1.0) - ux));
	t_1 = sqrt((single(1.0) - (t_0 * t_0)));
	t_2 = (uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi);
	tmp = (((cos(t_2) * t_1) * xi) + ((sin(t_2) * t_1) * yi)) + (t_0 * zi);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lift--.f32 98.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

4. Applied rewrites 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lift--.f32 98.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

7. Applied rewrites 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lift--.f32 98.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

10. Applied rewrites 98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

11. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

    2. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

    3. lift--.f32 98.9

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

13. Applied rewrites 98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

14. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \cdot zi \]
15. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right) \cdot zi \]

    2. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right) \cdot zi \]

    3. lift--.f32 98.9

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right)\right) \cdot zi \]

16. Applied rewrites 98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \cdot zi \]
17. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.7% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \left(\cos t\_0 \cdot xi + \sin t\_0 \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (+
    (+ (* (cos t_0) xi) (* (sin t_0) yi))
    (* ux (fma -1.0 (* maxCos (* ux zi)) (* maxCos zi))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return ((cosf(t_0) * xi) + (sinf(t_0) * yi)) + (ux * fmaf(-1.0f, (maxCos * (ux * zi)), (maxCos * zi)));
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(t_0) * xi) + Float32(sin(t_0) * yi)) + Float32(ux * fma(Float32(-1.0), Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi)), Float32(maxCos * zi))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot zi\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot zi\right)} \]

   2. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)}, maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot zi\right)}, maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 98.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Applied rewrites 98.7%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

11. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-sin.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

    2. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

    3. lift-PI.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

    4. lift-*.f32 98.7

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

13. Applied rewrites 98.7%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

14. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]
15. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

    2. lift-PI.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

    3. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

    4. lift-cos.f32 98.7

       \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]

16. Applied rewrites 98.7%

    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right), maxCos \cdot zi\right) \]
17. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.7% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos t\_0, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (fma maxCos (* ux (* zi (- 1.0 ux))) (fma xi (cos t_0) (* yi (sin t_0))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return fmaf(maxCos, (ux * (zi * (1.0f - ux))), fmaf(xi, cosf(t_0), (yi * sinf(t_0))));
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux))), fma(xi, cos(t_0), Float32(yi * sin(t_0))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 98.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 95.6% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;uy \leq 0.00011000000085914508:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos t\_0, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (if (<= uy 0.00011000000085914508)
     (+
      (+
       (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) 1.0) xi)
       (* (* (* uy (* 2.0 PI)) 1.0) yi))
      (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi))
     (fma xi (cos t_0) (* yi (sin t_0))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	float tmp;
	if (uy <= 0.00011000000085914508f) {
		tmp = (((cosf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * 1.0f) * xi) + (((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI))) * 1.0f) * yi)) + ((((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi);
	} else {
		tmp = fmaf(xi, cosf(t_0), (yi * sinf(t_0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (uy <= Float32(0.00011000000085914508))
		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * Float32(1.0)) * xi) + Float32(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))) * Float32(1.0)) * yi)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi));
	else
		tmp = fma(xi, cos(t_0), Float32(yi * sin(t_0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if uy < 1.10000001e-4

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. lower-pow.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      6. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-4}{3}, {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. Applied rewrites 96.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1.3333333333333333, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.025396825396825397, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, 0.26666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-4}{3}, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{315}, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 96.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1.3333333333333333, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.025396825396825397, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, 0.26666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-4}{3}, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{315}, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 96.2%

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1.3333333333333333, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.025396825396825397, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, 0.26666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   11. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

       2. lift-PI.f32 89.9

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   13. Applied rewrites 89.9%

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   if 1.10000001e-4 < uy

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lower-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lower-sin.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. lift-PI.f32 89.9

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 89.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 95.4% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos t\_0, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))))
   (fma maxCos (* ux zi) (fma xi (cos t_0) (* yi (sin t_0))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	return fmaf(maxCos, (ux * zi), fmaf(xi, cosf(t_0), (yi * sinf(t_0))));
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	return fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * zi), fma(xi, cos(t_0), Float32(yi * sin(t_0))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-cos.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. lift-PI.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 95.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(xi, \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 89.9% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+
  (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) 1.0) xi) (* (* (* uy (* 2.0 PI)) 1.0) yi))
  (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (((cosf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * 1.0f) * xi) + (((uy * (2.0f * ((float) M_PI))) * 1.0f) * yi)) + ((((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi);
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * Float32(1.0)) * xi) + Float32(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi))) * Float32(1.0)) * yi)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (((cos(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * single(1.0)) * xi) + (((uy * (single(2.0) * single(pi))) * single(1.0)) * yi)) + ((((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lift-PI.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. lower-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-4}{3} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} + {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-4}{3}, {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-8}{315} \cdot \left({uy}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{7}\right) + \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

4. Applied rewrites 96.5%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1.3333333333333333, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.025396825396825397, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, 0.26666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-4}{3}, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{315}, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 96.3%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1.3333333333333333, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.025396825396825397, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, 0.26666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-4}{3}, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{315}, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, \frac{4}{15} \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Applied rewrites 96.2%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \pi, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1.3333333333333333, {\pi}^{3}, {uy}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.025396825396825397, {uy}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{7}, 0.26666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{5}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

11. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

    1. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

    2. lift-PI.f32 89.9

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

13. Applied rewrites 89.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\pi}\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 74.4% accurate, 2.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, t\_1, xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.999999809593135 \cdot 10^{-21}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;xi \leq 1.999999967550318 \cdot 10^{-17}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, t\_1, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))
        (t_1 (* ux (* zi (- 1.0 ux))))
        (t_2 (fma maxCos t_1 (* xi (cos t_0)))))
   (if (<= xi -5.999999809593135e-21)
     t_2
     (if (<= xi 1.999999967550318e-17)
       (fma maxCos t_1 (* yi (sin t_0)))
       t_2))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	float t_1 = ux * (zi * (1.0f - ux));
	float t_2 = fmaf(maxCos, t_1, (xi * cosf(t_0)));
	float tmp;
	if (xi <= -5.999999809593135e-21f) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (xi <= 1.999999967550318e-17f) {
		tmp = fmaf(maxCos, t_1, (yi * sinf(t_0)));
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	t_1 = Float32(ux * Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)))
	t_2 = fma(maxCos, t_1, Float32(xi * cos(t_0)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (xi <= Float32(-5.999999809593135e-21))
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (xi <= Float32(1.999999967550318e-17))
		tmp = fma(maxCos, t_1, Float32(yi * sin(t_0)));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if xi < -5.9999998e-21 or 1.99999997e-17 < xi

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in yi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lift-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lift-*.f32 59.3

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 59.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   if -5.9999998e-21 < xi < 1.99999997e-17

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 44.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lift-sin.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lift-*.f32 44.7

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 44.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 73.8% accurate, 2.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.999999809593135 \cdot 10^{-21}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;xi \leq 1.999999967550318 \cdot 10^{-17}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))) (t_1 (fma maxCos (* ux zi) (* xi (cos t_0)))))
   (if (<= xi -5.999999809593135e-21)
     t_1
     (if (<= xi 1.999999967550318e-17)
       (fma maxCos (* ux (* zi (- 1.0 ux))) (* yi (sin t_0)))
       t_1))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	float t_1 = fmaf(maxCos, (ux * zi), (xi * cosf(t_0)));
	float tmp;
	if (xi <= -5.999999809593135e-21f) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else if (xi <= 1.999999967550318e-17f) {
		tmp = fmaf(maxCos, (ux * (zi * (1.0f - ux))), (yi * sinf(t_0)));
	} else {
		tmp = t_1;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	t_1 = fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * zi), Float32(xi * cos(t_0)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (xi <= Float32(-5.999999809593135e-21))
		tmp = t_1;
	elseif (xi <= Float32(1.999999967550318e-17))
		tmp = fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux))), Float32(yi * sin(t_0)));
	else
		tmp = t_1;
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if xi < -5.9999998e-21 or 1.99999997e-17 < xi

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in yi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f32 56.9

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 56.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   if -5.9999998e-21 < xi < 1.99999997e-17

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 44.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lift-sin.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lift-*.f32 44.7

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 44.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 72.0% accurate, 2.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.999999809593135 \cdot 10^{-21}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;xi \leq 1.999999967550318 \cdot 10^{-17}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (* uy PI))) (t_1 (fma maxCos (* ux zi) (* xi (cos t_0)))))
   (if (<= xi -5.999999809593135e-21)
     t_1
     (if (<= xi 1.999999967550318e-17)
       (fma maxCos (* ux zi) (* yi (sin t_0)))
       t_1))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = 2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI));
	float t_1 = fmaf(maxCos, (ux * zi), (xi * cosf(t_0)));
	float tmp;
	if (xi <= -5.999999809593135e-21f) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else if (xi <= 1.999999967550318e-17f) {
		tmp = fmaf(maxCos, (ux * zi), (yi * sinf(t_0)));
	} else {
		tmp = t_1;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))
	t_1 = fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * zi), Float32(xi * cos(t_0)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (xi <= Float32(-5.999999809593135e-21))
		tmp = t_1;
	elseif (xi <= Float32(1.999999967550318e-17))
		tmp = fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * zi), Float32(yi * sin(t_0)));
	else
		tmp = t_1;
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if xi < -5.9999998e-21 or 1.99999997e-17 < xi

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in yi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 59.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f32 56.9

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 56.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   if -5.9999998e-21 < xi < 1.99999997e-17

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 44.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-sin.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f32 42.6

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 42.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 64.5% accurate, 2.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -4.999999987376214 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 1.99999996490334 \cdot 10^{-13}:\\ \;\;\;\;xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, -0.5 \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (fma maxCos (* ux zi) (* yi (sin (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))))))
   (if (<= yi -4.999999987376214e-7)
     t_0
     (if (<= yi 1.99999996490334e-13)
       (+
        xi
        (*
         ux
         (fma
          maxCos
          zi
          (* ux (* (pow maxCos 2.0) (fma -1.0 (/ zi maxCos) (* -0.5 xi)))))))
       t_0))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	float t_0 = fmaf(maxCos, (ux * zi), (yi * sinf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))))));
	float tmp;
	if (yi <= -4.999999987376214e-7f) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (yi <= 1.99999996490334e-13f) {
		tmp = xi + (ux * fmaf(maxCos, zi, (ux * (powf(maxCos, 2.0f) * fmaf(-1.0f, (zi / maxCos), (-0.5f * xi))))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	t_0 = fma(maxCos, Float32(ux * zi), Float32(yi * sin(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi))))))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (yi <= Float32(-4.999999987376214e-7))
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (yi <= Float32(1.99999996490334e-13))
		tmp = Float32(xi + Float32(ux * fma(maxCos, zi, Float32(ux * Float32((maxCos ^ Float32(2.0)) * fma(Float32(-1.0), Float32(zi / maxCos), Float32(Float32(-0.5) * xi)))))));
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if yi < -4.99999999e-7 or 1.99999996e-13 < yi

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 44.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lift-PI.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-sin.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f32 42.6

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot zi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 42.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \]

   if -4.99999999e-7 < yi < 1.99999996e-13

   1. Initial program 98.9%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      6. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      7. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 51.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lift-pow.f32 51.8

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

      \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around inf

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{zi}{maxCos} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{zi}{maxCos} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      2. lift-pow.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{zi}{maxCos} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f32 51.4

         \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, -0.5 \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   10. Applied rewrites 51.4%

       \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, -0.5 \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 51.8% accurate, 3.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, -0.5 \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+
  xi
  (*
   ux
   (fma
    maxCos
    zi
    (* ux (* (pow maxCos 2.0) (fma -1.0 (/ zi maxCos) (* -0.5 xi))))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi + (ux * fmaf(maxCos, zi, (ux * (powf(maxCos, 2.0f) * fmaf(-1.0f, (zi / maxCos), (-0.5f * xi))))));
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(xi + Float32(ux * fma(maxCos, zi, Float32(ux * Float32((maxCos ^ Float32(2.0)) * fma(Float32(-1.0), Float32(zi / maxCos), Float32(Float32(-0.5) * xi)))))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. lift-pow.f32 51.8

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around inf

   \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{zi}{maxCos} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{zi}{maxCos} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   2. lift-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{zi}{maxCos} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 51.4

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, -0.5 \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 51.4%

    \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{zi}{maxCos}, -0.5 \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 51.7% accurate, 3.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+
  xi
  (*
   ux
   (fma
    -0.5
    (* (pow maxCos 2.0) (* ux xi))
    (* zi (+ maxCos (* -1.0 (* maxCos ux))))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi + (ux * fmaf(-0.5f, (powf(maxCos, 2.0f) * (ux * xi)), (zi * (maxCos + (-1.0f * (maxCos * ux))))));
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(xi + Float32(ux * fma(Float32(-0.5), Float32((maxCos ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(ux * xi)), Float32(zi * Float32(maxCos + Float32(Float32(-1.0) * Float32(maxCos * ux)))))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. lift-pow.f32 51.8

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in zi around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right)\right) + zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{xi}\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. lift-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f32 51.7

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot xi\right), zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 51.7%

    \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot xi\right)}, zi \cdot \left(maxCos + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 51.7% accurate, 5.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, zi, -0.5 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+
  xi
  (*
   ux
   (fma maxCos zi (* ux (* maxCos (fma -1.0 zi (* -0.5 (* maxCos xi)))))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi + (ux * fmaf(maxCos, zi, (ux * (maxCos * fmaf(-1.0f, zi, (-0.5f * (maxCos * xi)))))));
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(xi + Float32(ux * fma(maxCos, zi, Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos * fma(Float32(-1.0), zi, Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(maxCos * xi))))))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot zi + ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot zi\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   6. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

   9. lift-pow.f32 51.8

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, maxCos \cdot zi, -0.5 \cdot \left({maxCos}^{2} \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(-1 \cdot zi + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(-1 \cdot zi + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   2. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, zi, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lower-*.f32 51.8

      \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, zi, -0.5 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 51.8%

    \[\leadsto xi + ux \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi, ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, zi, -0.5 \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot xi\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 51.4% accurate, 10.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+ xi (* maxCos (* ux (* zi (- 1.0 ux))))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi + (maxCos * (ux * (zi * (1.0f - ux))));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = xi + (maxcos * (ux * (zi * (1.0e0 - ux))))
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(xi + Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = xi + (maxCos * (ux * (zi * (single(1.0) - ux))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}\right) \]

   3. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \]

   4. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right)\right) \]

   5. lift-*.f32 51.7

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right)\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.7%

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 16: 49.5% accurate, 16.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+ xi (* maxCos (* ux zi))))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return xi + (maxCos * (ux * zi));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = xi + (maxcos * (ux * zi))
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(xi + Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = xi + (maxCos * (ux * zi));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f32 49.5

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 49.5%

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 17: 12.4% accurate, 22.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* maxCos (* ux zi)))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return maxCos * (ux * zi);
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = maxcos * (ux * zi)
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(maxCos * Float32(ux * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = maxCos * (ux * zi);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)}, xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{ux}\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

4. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f32 49.5

      \[\leadsto xi + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 49.5%

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

   \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \]

   2. lift-*.f32 12.4

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \]

10. Applied rewrites 12.4%

    \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{zi}\right) \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025129 
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
  :name "UniformSampleCone 2"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
  (+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))