Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)

Percentage Accurate: 73.1% → 99.4%

Time: 5.3s

Alternatives: 18

Speedup: 0.4×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 73.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (J K U)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (* (* (* -2.0 J) t_0) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) t_0)) 2.0))))))

C

double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j, k, u)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    code = (((-2.0d0) * j) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u / ((2.0d0 * j) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double J, double K, double U) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)));
}

Python

def code(J, K, U):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	return ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)), 2.0)))

Julia

function code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(J, K, U)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = ((-2.0 * J) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U / ((2.0 * J) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[J_, K_, U_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U / N[(N[(2.0 * J), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(J\_m + J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_1)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_1)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 2e+298)
        (*
         (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
         (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (+ J_m J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((0.5 * K))
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_2 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_2 <= 2e+298:
		tmp = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)))
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(J_m + J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_2 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(J$95$m + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{K}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{K}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      2. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      3. lift-+.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(J + J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   9. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.4% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(J\_m \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(J\_m + J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2} + 1}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_1)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_1)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 2e+298)
        (*
         (* J_m -2.0)
         (* t_0 (sqrt (+ (pow (/ U_m (* (+ J_m J_m) t_0)) 2.0) 1.0))))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = (J_m * -2.0) * (t_0 * sqrt((pow((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)), 2.0) + 1.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_1 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = (J_m * -2.0) * (t_0 * Math.sqrt((Math.pow((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)), 2.0) + 1.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((0.5 * K))
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_2 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_2 <= 2e+298:
		tmp = (J_m * -2.0) * (t_0 * math.sqrt((math.pow((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)), 2.0) + 1.0)))
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(J_m * -2.0) * Float64(t_0 * sqrt(Float64((Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(J_m + J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0) + 1.0))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_2 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = (J_m * -2.0) * (t_0 * sqrt((((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0) + 1.0)));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], N[(N[(J$95$m * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(J$95$m + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      6. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      7. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      8. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      9. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}}^{2}} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      12. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      13. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 97.6

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{K}\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 97.6

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{K}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}}\right)\right) \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lift-cosh.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right)}\right) \]

       2. lift-asinh.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right)}\right) \]

       3. cosh-asinh N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} + 1}}\right) \]

       4. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} + 1}}\right) \]

       5. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1}\right) \]

       6. lift-pow.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2}} + 1}\right) \]

       7. lower-+.f64 99.7

          \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}}\right) \]

   11. Applied rewrites 99.7%

       \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}}\right) \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(J\_m + J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_1)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_1)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 2e+298)
        (* (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0) (cosh (asinh (/ U_m (* (+ J_m J_m) t_0)))))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * cosh(asinh((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0))));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((0.5 * K))
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_2 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_2 <= 2e+298:
		tmp = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.cosh(math.asinh((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0))))
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * cosh(asinh(Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(J_m + J_m) * t_0)))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_2 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * cosh(asinh((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(J$95$m + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      3. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}}^{2}} \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      7. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

      11. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      12. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      13. lower-asinh.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 97.6

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 97.6

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}}\right) \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(J\_m \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(J\_m + J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (* 0.5 K)))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_1)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_1)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 2e+298)
        (* (* J_m -2.0) (* t_0 (cosh (asinh (/ U_m (* (+ J_m J_m) t_0))))))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = (J_m * -2.0) * (t_0 * cosh(asinh((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((0.5 * K))
	t_1 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_2 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_2 <= 2e+298:
		tmp = (J_m * -2.0) * (t_0 * math.cosh(math.asinh((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)))))
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(0.5 * K))
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(J_m * -2.0) * Float64(t_0 * cosh(asinh(Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(J_m + J_m) * t_0))))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((0.5 * K));
	t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_2 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = (J_m * -2.0) * (t_0 * cosh(asinh((U_m / ((J_m + J_m) * t_0)))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], N[(N[(J$95$m * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(J$95$m + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      6. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      7. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      8. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      9. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}}^{2}} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      12. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      13. lift-cos.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 97.6

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{K}\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}}\right)\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 97.6

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{K}\right)}\right)\right) \]

   9. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot -2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot K\right)}}\right)\right) \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 91.7% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\\ t_2 := t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_3 := \left(\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m \cdot U\_m}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(J\_m \cdot J\_m\right)}, 0.25, 1\right)}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+159}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m + J\_m}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-91}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-185}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0))
        (t_2 (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0)))))
        (t_3
         (*
          (* (* (cos (* 0.5 K)) J_m) -2.0)
          (sqrt
           (fma
            (/
             (* U_m U_m)
             (* (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (* 2.0 (* 0.5 K))))) (* J_m J_m)))
            0.25
            1.0)))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 -4e+159)
        (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (+ J_m J_m)) 2.0))))
        (if (<= t_2 -5e-91)
          t_3
          (if (<= t_2 5e-185)
            (* (* (sqrt (fma (* (/ U_m J_m) (/ U_m J_m)) 0.25 1.0)) J_m) -2.0)
            (if (<= t_2 2e+298) t_3 U_m))))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double t_3 = ((cos((0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0) * sqrt(fma(((U_m * U_m) / ((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((2.0 * (0.5 * K))))) * (J_m * J_m))), 0.25, 1.0));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= -4e+159) {
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (J_m + J_m)), 2.0)));
	} else if (t_2 <= -5e-91) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else if (t_2 <= 5e-185) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(((U_m / J_m) * (U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0) * sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m * U_m) / Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(2.0 * Float64(0.5 * K))))) * Float64(J_m * J_m))), 0.25, 1.0)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= -4e+159)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(J_m + J_m)) ^ 2.0))));
	elseif (t_2 <= -5e-91)
		tmp = t_3;
	elseif (t_2 <= 5e-185)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m / J_m) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = t_3;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(2.0 * N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -4e+159], N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(J$95$m + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -5e-91], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 5e-185], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], t$95$3, U$95$m]]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 5 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -3.9999999999999997e159

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{J + \color{blue}{J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      2. lower-+.f64 94.3

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{J + \color{blue}{J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{J + J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   if -3.9999999999999997e159 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -4.99999999999999997e-91 or 5.0000000000000003e-185 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}}} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}} \]

      7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}} \]

      9. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}}} \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}^{2}} + 1} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 89.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(J \cdot J\right)}, 0.25, 1\right)}} \]

   if -4.99999999999999997e-91 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000003e-185

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 21.4

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 21.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. lower-/.f64 77.4

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 77.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 14.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 5 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 90.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\\ t_2 := t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m + J\_m}\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0))
        (t_2 (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 2e+298)
        (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (+ J_m J_m)) 2.0))))
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / (J_m + J_m)), 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = t_1 * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / (J_m + J_m)), 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0
	t_2 = t_1 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_2 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_2 <= 2e+298:
		tmp = t_1 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / (J_m + J_m)), 2.0)))
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(J_m + J_m)) ^ 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_2 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / (J_m + J_m)) ^ 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(J$95$m + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right)}^{2}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{J + \color{blue}{J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      2. lower-+.f64 87.2

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{J + \color{blue}{J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 87.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{J + J}}\right)}^{2}} \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 89.7% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\\ t_2 := t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m + J\_m}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0))
        (t_2 (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 2e+298) (* t_1 (cosh (asinh (/ U_m (+ J_m J_m))))) U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = t_1 * cosh(asinh((U_m / (J_m + J_m))));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0
	t_2 = t_1 * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_2 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_2 <= 2e+298:
		tmp = t_1 * math.cosh(math.asinh((U_m / (J_m + J_m))))
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * cosh(asinh(Float64(U_m / Float64(J_m + J_m)))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_2 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = t_1 * cosh(asinh((U_m / (J_m + J_m))));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], N[(t$95$1 * N[Cosh[N[ArcSinh[N[(U$95$m / N[(J$95$m + J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      3. lift-pow.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}}} \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}}^{2}} \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      7. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      8. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}}\right)}^{2}} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2} + 1}} \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}} + 1} \]

      11. cosh-asinh-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      12. lower-cosh.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

      13. lower-asinh.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \color{blue}{\sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   3. Applied rewrites 97.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\left(J + J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot J}}\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{2 \cdot J}\right) \]

      2. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{J + \color{blue}{J}}\right) \]

      3. lift-+.f64 86.2

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{J + \color{blue}{J}}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 86.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \cosh \sinh^{-1} \left(\frac{U}{\color{blue}{J + J}}\right) \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 83.8% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\\ t_2 := t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+227}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(U\_m \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-185}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m \cdot U\_m}{J\_m \cdot J\_m}, 0.25, 1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0))
        (t_2 (* t_1 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 -2e+227)
        (fma (* U_m (/ U_m J_m)) -0.25 (* (* (cos (* 0.5 K)) J_m) -2.0))
        (if (<= t_2 5e-185)
          (* (* (sqrt (fma (* (/ U_m J_m) (/ U_m J_m)) 0.25 1.0)) J_m) -2.0)
          (if (<= t_2 2e+298)
            (* t_1 (sqrt (fma (/ (* U_m U_m) (* J_m J_m)) 0.25 1.0)))
            U_m)))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = (-2.0 * J_m) * t_0;
	double t_2 = t_1 * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= -2e+227) {
		tmp = fma((U_m * (U_m / J_m)), -0.25, ((cos((0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0));
	} else if (t_2 <= 5e-185) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(((U_m / J_m) * (U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = t_1 * sqrt(fma(((U_m * U_m) / (J_m * J_m)), 0.25, 1.0));
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= -2e+227)
		tmp = fma(Float64(U_m * Float64(U_m / J_m)), -0.25, Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0));
	elseif (t_2 <= 5e-185)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m / J_m) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m * U_m) / Float64(J_m * J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)));
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -2e+227], N[(N[(U$95$m * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.25 + N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 5e-185], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], N[(t$95$1 * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 5 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2.0000000000000002e227

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4}}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      11. lower-/.f64 79.4

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 79.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(U \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 79.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(U \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   if -2.0000000000000002e227 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 5.0000000000000003e-185

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 59.7

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 59.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. lower-/.f64 79.4

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 79.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if 5.0000000000000003e-185 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + \color{blue}{1}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4}}, 1\right)} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 67.6

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 67.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)}} \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 5 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 83.7% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+227}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(U\_m \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, -0.25, t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (cos (* 0.5 K)) J_m) -2.0))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_1)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_1)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 -2e+227)
        (fma (* U_m (/ U_m J_m)) -0.25 t_0)
        (if (<= t_2 -1e-268)
          (* (* (sqrt (fma (* (/ U_m J_m) (/ U_m J_m)) 0.25 1.0)) J_m) -2.0)
          (if (<= t_2 2e+298) t_0 U_m)))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = (cos((0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= -2e+227) {
		tmp = fma((U_m * (U_m / J_m)), -0.25, t_0);
	} else if (t_2 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(((U_m / J_m) * (U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	} else if (t_2 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0)
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= -2e+227)
		tmp = fma(Float64(U_m * Float64(U_m / J_m)), -0.25, t_0);
	elseif (t_2 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m / J_m) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0);
	elseif (t_2 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -2e+227], N[(N[(U$95$m * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.25 + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -1e-268], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 2e+298], t$95$0, U$95$m]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 5 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2.0000000000000002e227

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4}}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      11. lower-/.f64 79.4

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 79.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(U \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 79.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(U \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   if -2.0000000000000002e227 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 61.6

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 61.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. lower-/.f64 81.2

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 81.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-*.f64 69.5

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 69.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 12.1%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 94.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 5 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 82.9% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ t_2 := \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+227}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+298}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0)))))
        (t_2 (* (* (cos (* 0.5 K)) J_m) -2.0)))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e+227)
        t_2
        (if (<= t_1 -1e-268)
          (* (* (sqrt (fma (* (/ U_m J_m) (/ U_m J_m)) 0.25 1.0)) J_m) -2.0)
          (if (<= t_1 2e+298) t_2 U_m)))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double t_2 = (cos((0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e+227) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(((U_m / J_m) * (U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	} else if (t_1 <= 2e+298) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * K)) * J_m) * -2.0)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e+227)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m / J_m) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0);
	elseif (t_1 <= 2e+298)
		tmp = t_2;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * K), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e+227], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-268], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 2e+298], t$95$2, U$95$m]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -2.0000000000000002e227 or -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.9999999999999999e298

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-*.f64 73.1

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   if -2.0000000000000002e227 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 61.6

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 61.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. lower-/.f64 81.2

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 81.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if 1.9999999999999999e298 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 20.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 77.2% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m}{J\_m} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -1e-268)
        (* (* (sqrt (fma (* (/ U_m J_m) (/ U_m J_m)) 0.25 1.0)) J_m) -2.0)
        U_m)))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(((U_m / J_m) * (U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m / J_m) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-268], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 58.2

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 58.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. lower-/.f64 80.6

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 80.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{J} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.9%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 50.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 69.0% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+225}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m}{1} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, -0.25, \left(1 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+218}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}\right) \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-103}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m \cdot U\_m}{J\_m \cdot J\_m}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U\_m, \frac{J\_m \cdot J\_m}{U\_m}\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -1e+225)
        (fma (* (/ U_m 1.0) (/ U_m J_m)) -0.25 (* (* 1.0 J_m) -2.0))
        (if (<= t_1 -1e+218)
          (* (* (* 0.5 (/ U_m J_m)) J_m) -2.0)
          (if (<= t_1 -2e-103)
            (* (* (sqrt (fma (/ (* U_m U_m) (* J_m J_m)) 0.25 1.0)) J_m) -2.0)
            (if (<= t_1 -1e-268)
              (* (fma 0.5 U_m (/ (* J_m J_m) U_m)) -2.0)
              U_m))))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e+225) {
		tmp = fma(((U_m / 1.0) * (U_m / J_m)), -0.25, ((1.0 * J_m) * -2.0));
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e+218) {
		tmp = ((0.5 * (U_m / J_m)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-103) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(((U_m * U_m) / (J_m * J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = fma(0.5, U_m, ((J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e+225)
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(U_m / 1.0) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), -0.25, Float64(Float64(1.0 * J_m) * -2.0));
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e+218)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(U_m / J_m)) * J_m) * -2.0);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-103)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(U_m * U_m) / Float64(J_m * J_m)), 0.25, 1.0)) * J_m) * -2.0);
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(fma(0.5, U_m, Float64(Float64(J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e+225], N[(N[(N[(U$95$m / 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.25 + N[(N[(1.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e+218], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-103], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(U$95$m * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-268], N[(N[(0.5 * U$95$m + N[(N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 6 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999928e224

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4}}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 65.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      11. lower-/.f64 79.6

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 79.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 79.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in K around 0

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(1 \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

   12. Applied rewrites 58.8%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(1 \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   if -9.99999999999999928e224 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.00000000000000008e218

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 50.4

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 50.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lower-/.f64 22.2

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 22.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{U}{J}\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if -1.00000000000000008e218 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.99999999999999992e-103

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 71.4

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 71.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   if -1.99999999999999992e-103 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 20.8

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 20.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot U + \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lift-*.f64 53.2

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.9%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 50.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 6 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 63.9% accurate, 0.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U\_m, \frac{J\_m \cdot J\_m}{U\_m}\right) \cdot -2\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_1}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+71}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-103}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m \cdot U\_m}{J\_m}, -0.25, J\_m \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (fma 0.5 U_m (/ (* J_m J_m) U_m)) -2.0))
        (t_1 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_2
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_1)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_1)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_2 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_2 -4e+117)
        (* J_m -2.0)
        (if (<= t_2 -5e+71)
          t_0
          (if (<= t_2 -2e-103)
            (fma (/ (* U_m U_m) J_m) -0.25 (* J_m -2.0))
            (if (<= t_2 -1e-268) t_0 U_m))))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = fma(0.5, U_m, ((J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0;
	double t_1 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_2 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_1)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_2 <= -4e+117) {
		tmp = J_m * -2.0;
	} else if (t_2 <= -5e+71) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (t_2 <= -2e-103) {
		tmp = fma(((U_m * U_m) / J_m), -0.25, (J_m * -2.0));
	} else if (t_2 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = Float64(fma(0.5, U_m, Float64(Float64(J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0)
	t_1 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_1) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_1)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_2 <= -4e+117)
		tmp = Float64(J_m * -2.0);
	elseif (t_2 <= -5e+71)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (t_2 <= -2e-103)
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(U_m * U_m) / J_m), -0.25, Float64(J_m * -2.0));
	elseif (t_2 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(0.5 * U$95$m + N[(N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$2, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -4e+117], N[(J$95$m * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -5e+71], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -2e-103], N[(N[(N[(U$95$m * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -0.25 + N[(J$95$m * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -1e-268], t$95$0, U$95$m]]]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 5 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -4.0000000000000002e117

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-*.f64 79.1

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 79.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto J \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 58.4%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot -2 \]

   if -4.0000000000000002e117 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -4.99999999999999972e71 or -1.99999999999999992e-103 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 43.9

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 43.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot U + \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lift-*.f64 44.3

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 44.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if -4.99999999999999972e71 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.99999999999999992e-103

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4}}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 68.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 68.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   8. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, J \cdot -2\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 51.0%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J}, -0.25, J \cdot -2\right) \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 2.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 5 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 63.7% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-103}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U\_m}{1} \cdot \frac{U\_m}{J\_m}, -0.25, \left(1 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U\_m, \frac{J\_m \cdot J\_m}{U\_m}\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e-103)
        (fma (* (/ U_m 1.0) (/ U_m J_m)) -0.25 (* (* 1.0 J_m) -2.0))
        (if (<= t_1 -1e-268)
          (* (fma 0.5 U_m (/ (* J_m J_m) U_m)) -2.0)
          U_m))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-103) {
		tmp = fma(((U_m / 1.0) * (U_m / J_m)), -0.25, ((1.0 * J_m) * -2.0));
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = fma(0.5, U_m, ((J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-103)
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(U_m / 1.0) * Float64(U_m / J_m)), -0.25, Float64(Float64(1.0 * J_m) * -2.0));
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(fma(0.5, U_m, Float64(Float64(J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-103], N[(N[(N[(U$95$m / 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(U$95$m / J$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.25 + N[(N[(1.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-268], N[(N[(0.5 * U$95$m + N[(N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.99999999999999992e-103

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} + \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{-1}{4} + \color{blue}{-2} \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{4}}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      9. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, -2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)\right) \]

      11. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      12. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   4. Applied rewrites 70.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      5. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      6. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      9. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

      11. lower-/.f64 75.5

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 75.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right)} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 75.4%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   10. Taylor expanded in K around 0

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, \frac{-1}{4}, \left(1 \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

   12. Applied rewrites 55.7%

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U}{1} \cdot \frac{U}{J}, -0.25, \left(1 \cdot J\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

   if -1.99999999999999992e-103 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 20.8

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 20.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot U + \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lift-*.f64 53.2

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.9%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 50.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 63.7% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-103}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U\_m, \frac{J\_m \cdot J\_m}{U\_m}\right) \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e-103)
        (* J_m -2.0)
        (if (<= t_1 -1e-268)
          (* (fma 0.5 U_m (/ (* J_m J_m) U_m)) -2.0)
          U_m))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-103) {
		tmp = J_m * -2.0;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = fma(0.5, U_m, ((J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-103)
		tmp = Float64(J_m * -2.0);
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(fma(0.5, U_m, Float64(Float64(J_m * J_m) / U_m)) * -2.0);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-103], N[(J$95$m * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-268], N[(N[(0.5 * U$95$m + N[(N[(J$95$m * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], U$95$m]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0

   1. Initial program 5.7%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 99.8

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.99999999999999992e-103

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-*.f64 75.1

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 75.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto J \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 55.5%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot -2 \]

   if -1.99999999999999992e-103 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{4} + 1} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{U}^{2}}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{{J}^{2}}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      12. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, \frac{1}{4}, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      13. lower-*.f64 20.8

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 20.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{U \cdot U}{J \cdot J}, 0.25, 1\right)} \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot U + \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{{J}^{2}}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      3. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lift-*.f64 53.2

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 53.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, U, \frac{J \cdot J}{U}\right) \cdot -2 \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.9%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 50.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 16: 62.6% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}}\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-103}:\\ \;\;\;\;J\_m \cdot -2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<= t_1 (- INFINITY))
      (- U_m)
      (if (<= t_1 -2e-103) (* J_m -2.0) (if (<= t_1 -1e-268) (- U_m) U_m))))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-103) {
		tmp = J_m * -2.0;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else if (t_1 <= -2e-103) {
		tmp = J_m * -2.0;
	} else if (t_1 <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = -U_m
	elif t_1 <= -2e-103:
		tmp = J_m * -2.0
	elif t_1 <= -1e-268:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-103)
		tmp = Float64(J_m * -2.0);
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	t_1 = ((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= -Inf)
		tmp = -U_m;
	elseif (t_1 <= -2e-103)
		tmp = J_m * -2.0;
	elseif (t_1 <= -1e-268)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], (-U$95$m), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-103], N[(J$95$m * -2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-268], (-U$95$m), U$95$m]]]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -inf.0 or -1.99999999999999992e-103 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 29.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 87.9

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 87.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -1.99999999999999992e-103

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(J \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      5. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

      6. lower-*.f64 75.1

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 75.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot K\right) \cdot J\right) \cdot -2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in K around 0

      \[\leadsto J \cdot -2 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 55.5%

      \[\leadsto J \cdot -2 \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 29.8%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 1.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 17: 51.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\\ J\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U\_m}{\left(2 \cdot J\_m\right) \cdot t\_0}\right)}^{2}} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-268}:\\ \;\;\;\;-U\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;U\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (cos (/ K 2.0))))
   (*
    J_s
    (if (<=
         (*
          (* (* -2.0 J_m) t_0)
          (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U_m (* (* 2.0 J_m) t_0)) 2.0))))
         -1e-268)
      (- U_m)
      U_m))))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if ((((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)))) <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Fortran

U_m =     private
J\_m =     private
J\_s =     private
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = cos((k / 2.0d0))
    if (((((-2.0d0) * j_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0d0 + ((u_m / ((2.0d0 * j_m) * t_0)) ** 2.0d0)))) <= (-1d-268)) then
        tmp = -u_m
    else
        tmp = u_m
    end if
    code = j_s * tmp
end function

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	double t_0 = Math.cos((K / 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if ((((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * Math.sqrt((1.0 + Math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)))) <= -1e-268) {
		tmp = -U_m;
	} else {
		tmp = U_m;
	}
	return J_s * tmp;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	t_0 = math.cos((K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0
	if (((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * math.sqrt((1.0 + math.pow((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)), 2.0)))) <= -1e-268:
		tmp = -U_m
	else:
		tmp = U_m
	return J_s * tmp

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos(Float64(K / 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(U_m / Float64(Float64(2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)))) <= -1e-268)
		tmp = Float64(-U_m);
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	return Float64(J_s * tmp)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	t_0 = cos((K / 2.0));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((((-2.0 * J_m) * t_0) * sqrt((1.0 + ((U_m / ((2.0 * J_m) * t_0)) ^ 2.0)))) <= -1e-268)
		tmp = -U_m;
	else
		tmp = U_m;
	end
	tmp_2 = J_s * tmp;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Cos[N[(K / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(J$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(U$95$m / N[(N[(2.0 * J$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1e-268], (-U$95$m), U$95$m]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < -9.99999999999999958e-269

   1. Initial program 72.5%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in J around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(U\right) \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 52.0

         \[\leadsto -U \]

   4. Applied rewrites 52.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-U} \]

   if -9.99999999999999958e-269 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal -2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (pow.f64 (/.f64 U (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) J) (cos.f64 (/.f64 K #s(literal 2 binary64))))) #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

   1. Initial program 74.9%

      \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 50.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 18: 14.0% accurate, 110.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} U_m = \left|U\right| \\ J\_m = \left|J\right| \\ J\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, J\right) \\ J\_s \cdot U\_m \end{array} \]

FPCore

U_m = (fabs.f64 U)
J\_m = (fabs.f64 J)
J\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) J)
(FPCore (J_s J_m K U_m) :precision binary64 (* J_s U_m))

C

U_m = fabs(U);
J\_m = fabs(J);
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J);
double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * U_m;
}

Fortran

U_m =     private
J\_m =     private
J\_s =     private
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(j_s, j_m, k, u_m)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: j_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    real(8), intent (in) :: u_m
    code = j_s * u_m
end function

Java

U_m = Math.abs(U);
J\_m = Math.abs(J);
J\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, J);
public static double code(double J_s, double J_m, double K, double U_m) {
	return J_s * U_m;
}

Python

U_m = math.fabs(U)
J\_m = math.fabs(J)
J\_s = math.copysign(1.0, J)
def code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m):
	return J_s * U_m

Julia

U_m = abs(U)
J\_m = abs(J)
J\_s = copysign(1.0, J)
function code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	return Float64(J_s * U_m)
end

MATLAB

U_m = abs(U);
J\_m = abs(J);
J\_s = sign(J) * abs(1.0);
function tmp = code(J_s, J_m, K, U_m)
	tmp = J_s * U_m;
end

Wolfram

U_m = N[Abs[U], $MachinePrecision]
J\_m = N[Abs[J], $MachinePrecision]
J\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[J]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[J$95$s_, J$95$m_, K_, U$95$m_] := N[(J$95$s * U$95$m), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 73.1%

   \[\left(\left(-2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{U}{\left(2 \cdot J\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{K}{2}\right)}\right)}^{2}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in U around -inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

4. Applied rewrites 14.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{U} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025120 
(FPCore (J K U)
  :name "Maksimov and Kolovsky, Equation (3)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (* -2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0))) (sqrt (+ 1.0 (pow (/ U (* (* 2.0 J) (cos (/ K 2.0)))) 2.0)))))