a from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 2.6% → 50.8%

Time: 24.5s

Alternatives: 6

Speedup: 192.0×

• 30.0% of points produce a very large (infinite) output. You may want to add a precondition.

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) + \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (+
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}

Python

def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6

Julia

function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]

Initial Program: 2.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) + \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (+
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}

Python

def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6

Julia

function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) + sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]

Alternative 1: 50.8% accurate, 5.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{+123}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.005555555555555556, angle \cdot \pi, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \cos t\_0\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI))) (t_1 (sin t_0)))
   (if (<= x-scale_m 5.8e+123)
     (*
      0.25
      (*
       (* y-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
       (sqrt
        (fma
         2.0
         (pow (* a t_1) 2.0)
         (*
          2.0
          (pow
           (* b (sin (fma 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI) (/ PI 2.0))))
           2.0))))))
     (*
      0.25
      (*
       (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
       (sqrt
        (fma 2.0 (pow (* a (cos t_0)) 2.0) (* 2.0 (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)))))))))

C

x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double tmp;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 5.8e+123) {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, pow((a * t_1), 2.0), (2.0 * pow((b * sin(fma(0.005555555555555556, (angle * ((double) M_PI)), (((double) M_PI) / 2.0)))), 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, pow((a * cos(t_0)), 2.0), (2.0 * pow((b * t_1), 2.0)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 5.8e+123)
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, (Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0), Float64(2.0 * (Float64(b * sin(fma(0.005555555555555556, Float64(angle * pi), Float64(pi / 2.0)))) ^ 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, (Float64(a * cos(t_0)) ^ 2.0), Float64(2.0 * (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0))))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 5.8e+123], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(y$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(b * N[Sin[N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision] + N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(a * N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x-scale < 5.80000000000000019e123

   1. Initial program 2.5%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 42.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. sin-+PI/2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      6. lower-sin.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      7. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{180}, angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{180}, angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      9. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{180}, angle \cdot \pi, \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{180}, angle \cdot \pi, \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-PI.f64 42.8

          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.005555555555555556, angle \cdot \pi, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 42.8%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.005555555555555556, angle \cdot \pi, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   if 5.80000000000000019e123 < x-scale

   1. Initial program 2.9%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 70.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 50.8% accurate, 5.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \cos t\_0\\ t_2 := \sin t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{+123}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))
        (t_1 (cos t_0))
        (t_2 (sin t_0)))
   (if (<= x-scale_m 5.8e+123)
     (*
      0.25
      (*
       (* y-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
       (sqrt (fma 2.0 (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (* 2.0 (pow (* b t_1) 2.0))))))
     (*
      0.25
      (*
       (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
       (sqrt (fma 2.0 (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (* 2.0 (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)))))))))

C

x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
	double t_1 = cos(t_0);
	double t_2 = sin(t_0);
	double tmp;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 5.8e+123) {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, pow((a * t_2), 2.0), (2.0 * pow((b * t_1), 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, pow((a * t_1), 2.0), (2.0 * pow((b * t_2), 2.0)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
	t_1 = cos(t_0)
	t_2 = sin(t_0)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 5.8e+123)
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, (Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0), Float64(2.0 * (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, (Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0), Float64(2.0 * (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0))))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 5.8e+123], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(y$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x-scale < 5.80000000000000019e123

   1. Initial program 2.5%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 42.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   if 5.80000000000000019e123 < x-scale

   1. Initial program 2.9%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 70.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 48.7% accurate, 5.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \cos t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 5.8 \cdot 10^{+123}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.8577960676726107 \cdot 10^{-8}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin t\_0\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI))) (t_1 (cos t_0)))
   (if (<= x-scale_m 5.8e+123)
     (*
      0.25
      (*
       (* y-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
       (sqrt
        (fma
         2.0
         (pow
          (*
           a
           (*
            angle
            (fma
             -2.8577960676726107e-8
             (* (* angle angle) (* (* PI PI) PI))
             (* 0.005555555555555556 PI))))
          2.0)
         (* 2.0 (pow (* b t_1) 2.0))))))
     (*
      0.25
      (*
       (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
       (sqrt
        (fma 2.0 (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (* 2.0 (pow (* b (sin t_0)) 2.0)))))))))

C

x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
	double t_1 = cos(t_0);
	double tmp;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 5.8e+123) {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, pow((a * (angle * fma(-2.8577960676726107e-8, ((angle * angle) * ((((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI)) * ((double) M_PI))), (0.005555555555555556 * ((double) M_PI))))), 2.0), (2.0 * pow((b * t_1), 2.0)))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, pow((a * t_1), 2.0), (2.0 * pow((b * sin(t_0)), 2.0)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
	t_1 = cos(t_0)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 5.8e+123)
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, (Float64(a * Float64(angle * fma(-2.8577960676726107e-8, Float64(Float64(angle * angle) * Float64(Float64(pi * pi) * pi)), Float64(0.005555555555555556 * pi)))) ^ 2.0), Float64(2.0 * (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, (Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0), Float64(2.0 * (Float64(b * sin(t_0)) ^ 2.0))))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 5.8e+123], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(y$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(a * N[(angle * N[(-2.8577960676726107e-8 * N[(N[(angle * angle), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.005555555555555556 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(b * N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x-scale < 5.80000000000000019e123

   1. Initial program 2.5%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 42.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{34992000} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{34992000} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, {angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, {angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      6. unpow3 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-PI.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      12. lift-PI.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      13. lift-PI.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      14. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      15. lift-PI.f64 39.8

          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.8577960676726107 \cdot 10^{-8}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 39.8%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.8577960676726107 \cdot 10^{-8}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   if 5.80000000000000019e123 < x-scale

   1. Initial program 2.9%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 70.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 40.9% accurate, 6.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 26:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.8577960676726107 \cdot 10^{-8}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= y-scale_m 26.0)
   (* 0.25 (* a (* x-scale_m 4.0)))
   (*
    0.25
    (*
     (* y-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
     (sqrt
      (fma
       2.0
       (pow
        (*
         a
         (*
          angle
          (fma
           -2.8577960676726107e-8
           (* (* angle angle) (* (* PI PI) PI))
           (* 0.005555555555555556 PI))))
        2.0)
       (*
        2.0
        (pow (* b (cos (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))) 2.0))))))))

C

x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (y_45_scale_m <= 26.0) {
		tmp = 0.25 * (a * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, pow((a * (angle * fma(-2.8577960676726107e-8, ((angle * angle) * ((((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI)) * ((double) M_PI))), (0.005555555555555556 * ((double) M_PI))))), 2.0), (2.0 * pow((b * cos((0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI))))), 2.0)))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y_45_scale_m <= 26.0)
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(a * Float64(x_45_scale_m * 4.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(y_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(fma(2.0, (Float64(a * Float64(angle * fma(-2.8577960676726107e-8, Float64(Float64(angle * angle) * Float64(Float64(pi * pi) * pi)), Float64(0.005555555555555556 * pi)))) ^ 2.0), Float64(2.0 * (Float64(b * cos(Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi)))) ^ 2.0))))));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale$95$m, 26.0], N[(0.25 * N[(a * N[(x$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(y$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(a * N[(angle * N[(-2.8577960676726107e-8 * N[(N[(angle * angle), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.005555555555555556 * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[Power[N[(b * N[Cos[N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if y-scale < 26

   1. Initial program 2.3%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 43.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      2. sqrt-unprod N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot 8}\right)\right) \]

      3. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{16}\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 23.0

         \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 23.0%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)}\right) \]

   if 26 < y-scale

   1. Initial program 2.8%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 59.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{34992000} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{34992000} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, {angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, {angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}, \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      6. unpow3 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      7. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left({\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      9. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      11. lift-PI.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      12. lift-PI.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      13. lift-PI.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      14. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{34992000}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

      15. lift-PI.f64 58.4

          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.8577960676726107 \cdot 10^{-8}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 58.4%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2.8577960676726107 \cdot 10^{-8}, \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \pi\right), 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 23.1% accurate, 55.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 9 \cdot 10^{+78}:\\ \;\;\;\;b \cdot y-scale\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale\_m \cdot 4\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x-scale_m 9e+78) (* b y-scale_m) (* 0.25 (* a (* x-scale_m 4.0)))))

C

x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 9e+78) {
		tmp = b * y_45_scale_m;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.25 * (a * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

x-scale_m =     private
y-scale_m =     private
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x_45scale_m <= 9d+78) then
        tmp = b * y_45scale_m
    else
        tmp = 0.25d0 * (a * (x_45scale_m * 4.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 9e+78) {
		tmp = b * y_45_scale_m;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.25 * (a * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale)
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m):
	tmp = 0
	if x_45_scale_m <= 9e+78:
		tmp = b * y_45_scale_m
	else:
		tmp = 0.25 * (a * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0))
	return tmp

Julia

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 9e+78)
		tmp = Float64(b * y_45_scale_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(a * Float64(x_45_scale_m * 4.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale);
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 9e+78)
		tmp = b * y_45_scale_m;
	else
		tmp = 0.25 * (a * (x_45_scale_m * 4.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 9e+78], N[(b * y$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * N[(a * N[(x$45$scale$95$m * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x-scale < 8.9999999999999999e78

   1. Initial program 2.5%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 21.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto b \cdot \color{blue}{y-scale} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 21.1

         \[\leadsto b \cdot y-scale \]

   7. Applied rewrites 21.1%

      \[\leadsto b \cdot \color{blue}{y-scale} \]

   if 8.9999999999999999e78 < x-scale

   1. Initial program 2.8%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

   4. Applied rewrites 66.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, {\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 2 \cdot {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)}\right) \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)}\right)\right) \]

      2. sqrt-unprod N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot 8}\right)\right) \]

      3. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{16}\right)\right) \]

      4. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \]

      5. lower-*.f64 26.7

         \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 26.7%

      \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 17.6% accurate, 192.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ b \cdot y-scale\_m \end{array} \]

FPCore

x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m) :precision binary64 (* b y-scale_m))

C

x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	return b * y_45_scale_m;
}

Fortran

x-scale_m =     private
y-scale_m =     private
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
    code = b * y_45scale_m
end function

Java

x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
	return b * y_45_scale_m;
}

Python

x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale)
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m):
	return b * y_45_scale_m

Julia

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	return Float64(b * y_45_scale_m)
end

MATLAB

x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale);
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
	tmp = b * y_45_scale_m;
end

Wolfram

x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := N[(b * y$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 2.6%

   \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) + \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

4. Applied rewrites 17.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

   \[\leadsto b \cdot \color{blue}{y-scale} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f64 17.6

      \[\leadsto b \cdot y-scale \]

7. Applied rewrites 17.6%

   \[\leadsto b \cdot \color{blue}{y-scale} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025120 
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
  :name "a from scale-rotated-ellipse"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (+ (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))