Bouland and Aaronson, Equation (24)

Percentage Accurate: 73.9% → 99.9%

Time: 3.2s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: 3.3×

• 61.0% of points produce a very large (infinite) output. You may want to add a precondition.

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (-
  (+
   (pow (+ (* a a) (* b b)) 2.0)
   (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a)))))
  1.0))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return (pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (((a * a) * (1.0d0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0d0 + a))))) - 1.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return (math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(1.0 - a)) + Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(3.0 + a))))) - 1.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(3.0 + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 73.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (-
  (+
   (pow (+ (* a a) (* b b)) 2.0)
   (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a)))))
  1.0))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return (pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (((a * a) * (1.0d0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0d0 + a))))) - 1.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return (math.pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(1.0 - a)) + Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(3.0 + a))))) - 1.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((((a * a) + (b * b)) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(3.0 + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (-
          (+
           (pow (+ (* a a) (* b b)) 2.0)
           (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a)))))
          1.0)))
   (if (<= t_0 INFINITY)
     t_0
     (* (* (fma (- a 4.0) a (fma (* b b) 2.0 4.0)) a) a))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (pow(((a * a) + (b * b)), 2.0) + (4.0 * (((a * a) * (1.0 - a)) + ((b * b) * (3.0 + a))))) - 1.0;
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = (fma((a - 4.0), a, fma((b * b), 2.0, 4.0)) * a) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64((Float64(Float64(a * a) + Float64(b * b)) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(1.0 - a)) + Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(3.0 + a))))) - 1.0)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= Inf)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(a - 4.0), a, fma(Float64(b * b), 2.0, 4.0)) * a) * a);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Power[N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(3.0 + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, Infinity], t$95$0, N[(N[(N[(N[(a - 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0 + 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 a a) (*.f64 b b)) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (+.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 a a) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) a)) (*.f64 (*.f64 b b) (+.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a))))) #s(literal 1 binary64)) < +inf.0

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   if +inf.0 < (-.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 a a) (*.f64 b b)) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (+.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 a a) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) a)) (*.f64 (*.f64 b b) (+.f64 #s(literal 3 binary64) a))))) #s(literal 1 binary64))

   1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\frac{\left(-\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)}{a}\right) + 4}{a}\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      4. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \left(a - 4\right) + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      7. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      8. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      11. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      12. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      13. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      14. lift-*.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      4. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      8. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a \]

   9. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.0% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(-\frac{\left(-\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)}{a}\right) + 4}{a}\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.7:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (-
          (*
           (+ (- (/ (+ (- (/ (fma (* b b) 2.0 4.0) a)) 4.0) a)) 1.0)
           (* (* a a) (* a a)))
          1.0)))
   (if (<= a -3.4e-6)
     t_0
     (if (<= a 3.7) (- (fma (* b b) (* b b) (* (* b b) 12.0)) 1.0) t_0))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = ((-((-(fma((b * b), 2.0, 4.0) / a) + 4.0) / a) + 1.0) * ((a * a) * (a * a))) - 1.0;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -3.4e-6) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (a <= 3.7) {
		tmp = fma((b * b), (b * b), ((b * b) * 12.0)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-Float64(Float64(Float64(-Float64(fma(Float64(b * b), 2.0, 4.0) / a)) + 4.0) / a)) + 1.0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(a * a))) - 1.0)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -3.4e-6)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (a <= 3.7)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(b * b), Float64(b * b), Float64(Float64(b * b) * 12.0)) - 1.0);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[((-N[(N[((-N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0 + 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]) + 4.0), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]) + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -3.4e-6], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 3.7], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 12.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if a < -3.40000000000000006e-6 or 3.7000000000000002 < a

   1. Initial program 48.8%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 96.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\frac{\left(-\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)}{a}\right) + 4}{a}\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

   if -3.40000000000000006e-6 < a < 3.7000000000000002

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(12 \cdot {b}^{2} + {b}^{4}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{4} + \color{blue}{12 \cdot {b}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      2. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{\left(2 + 2\right)} + 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      3. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2} + \color{blue}{12} \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{2}, \color{blue}{{b}^{2}}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      5. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, {\color{blue}{b}}^{2}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, {\color{blue}{b}}^{2}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      7. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot \color{blue}{b}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot \color{blue}{b}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, {b}^{2} \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, {b}^{2} \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      11. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      12. lift-*.f64 99.6

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right)} - 1 \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -40:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 12.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -40.0)
   (* (* (fma (- a 4.0) a (fma (* b b) 2.0 4.0)) a) a)
   (if (<= a 12.5)
     (- (fma (* b b) (* b b) (* (* b b) 12.0)) 1.0)
     (* (+ (fma (- a 4.0) a (* (* b b) 2.0)) 4.0) (* a a)))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -40.0) {
		tmp = (fma((a - 4.0), a, fma((b * b), 2.0, 4.0)) * a) * a;
	} else if (a <= 12.5) {
		tmp = fma((b * b), (b * b), ((b * b) * 12.0)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (fma((a - 4.0), a, ((b * b) * 2.0)) + 4.0) * (a * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -40.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(a - 4.0), a, fma(Float64(b * b), 2.0, 4.0)) * a) * a);
	elseif (a <= 12.5)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(b * b), Float64(b * b), Float64(Float64(b * b) * 12.0)) - 1.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(a - 4.0), a, Float64(Float64(b * b) * 2.0)) + 4.0) * Float64(a * a));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -40.0], N[(N[(N[(N[(a - 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0 + 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, 12.5], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 12.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(a - 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if a < -40

   1. Initial program 61.9%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 96.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\frac{\left(-\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)}{a}\right) + 4}{a}\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      4. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \left(a - 4\right) + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      7. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      8. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      11. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      12. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      13. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      14. lift-*.f64 96.4

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 96.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      4. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      8. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a \]

   9. Applied rewrites 96.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]

   if -40 < a < 12.5

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(12 \cdot {b}^{2} + {b}^{4}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{4} + \color{blue}{12 \cdot {b}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      2. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{\left(2 + 2\right)} + 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      3. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2} + \color{blue}{12} \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{2}, \color{blue}{{b}^{2}}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      5. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, {\color{blue}{b}}^{2}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, {\color{blue}{b}}^{2}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      7. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot \color{blue}{b}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot \color{blue}{b}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, {b}^{2} \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, {b}^{2} \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      11. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      12. lift-*.f64 99.2

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right)} - 1 \]

   if 12.5 < a

   1. Initial program 34.3%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 96.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\frac{\left(-\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)}{a}\right) + 4}{a}\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      4. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \left(a - 4\right) + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      7. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      8. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      11. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      12. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      13. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      14. lift-*.f64 96.7

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 96.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 97.9% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -40:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 12.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (fma (- a 4.0) a (fma (* b b) 2.0 4.0)) a) a)))
   (if (<= a -40.0)
     t_0
     (if (<= a 12.5) (- (fma (* b b) (* b b) (* (* b b) 12.0)) 1.0) t_0))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (fma((a - 4.0), a, fma((b * b), 2.0, 4.0)) * a) * a;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -40.0) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (a <= 12.5) {
		tmp = fma((b * b), (b * b), ((b * b) * 12.0)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(a - 4.0), a, fma(Float64(b * b), 2.0, 4.0)) * a) * a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -40.0)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (a <= 12.5)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(b * b), Float64(b * b), Float64(Float64(b * b) * 12.0)) - 1.0);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(a - 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0 + 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -40.0], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 12.5], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * 12.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if a < -40 or 12.5 < a

   1. Initial program 48.3%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + -1 \cdot \frac{4 + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}}{a}}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 96.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\frac{\left(-\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)}{a}\right) + 4}{a}\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + \left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)\right) \cdot {a}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      4. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(2 \cdot {b}^{2} + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \left(a - 4\right) + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      7. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      8. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 2 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, {b}^{2} \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      11. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      12. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot {a}^{2} \]

      13. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      14. lift-*.f64 96.6

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 96.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) \]

      2. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      4. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      7. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) \]

      8. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2\right) + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a \]

   9. Applied rewrites 96.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 2, 4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]

   if -40 < a < 12.5

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(12 \cdot {b}^{2} + {b}^{4}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{4} + \color{blue}{12 \cdot {b}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      2. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{\left(2 + 2\right)} + 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      3. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \left({b}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2} + \color{blue}{12} \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{2}, \color{blue}{{b}^{2}}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      5. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, {\color{blue}{b}}^{2}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      6. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, {\color{blue}{b}}^{2}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      7. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot \color{blue}{b}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      8. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot \color{blue}{b}, 12 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, {b}^{2} \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      10. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, {b}^{2} \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      11. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

      12. lift-*.f64 99.2

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, b \cdot b, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 12\right)} - 1 \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 82.7% accurate, 2.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 10500000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{b}^{4}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b 10500000.0) (- (* (* (fma (- a 4.0) a 4.0) a) a) 1.0) (pow b 4.0)))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 10500000.0) {
		tmp = ((fma((a - 4.0), a, 4.0) * a) * a) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = pow(b, 4.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= 10500000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(a - 4.0), a, 4.0) * a) * a) - 1.0);
	else
		tmp = b ^ 4.0;
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 10500000.0], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a - 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if b < 1.05e7

   1. Initial program 77.2%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - a\right)\right) + {a}^{4}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + {\color{blue}{a}}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}, \color{blue}{1 - a}, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}, \color{blue}{1} - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      6. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - \color{blue}{a}, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}\right) - 1 \]

      8. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      10. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      12. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) - 1 \]

      13. lift-*.f64 67.7

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 67.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right)} - 1 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(4 + \color{blue}{a} \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) - 1 \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(4 + a \cdot \left(a - 4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

      4. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot \left(a - 4\right) + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      6. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      7. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      8. lift-*.f64 79.8

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 79.8%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} - 1 \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

      3. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      4. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 4\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      5. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a - 1 \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a - 1 \]

      7. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a - 4\right) \cdot a + 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a - 1 \]

      8. lift-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a - 1 \]

      9. lift--.f64 79.8

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a - 1 \]

   9. Applied rewrites 79.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 4, a, 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} - 1 \]

   if 1.05e7 < b

   1. Initial program 63.6%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      3. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{4} - 1 \]

      4. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4 \cdot 1}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{\left(2 + \color{blue}{2}\right)} - 1 \]

      8. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      10. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      12. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

      13. lift-*.f64 39.0

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 39.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

   5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{4}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{b} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b \]

      4. pow3 N/A

         \[\leadsto {b}^{3} \cdot b \]

      5. pow-plus N/A

         \[\leadsto {b}^{\color{blue}{\left(3 + 1\right)}} \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto {b}^{4} \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 91.8

         \[\leadsto {b}^{\color{blue}{4}} \]

   9. Applied rewrites 91.8%

      \[\leadsto {b}^{\color{blue}{4}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 81.9% accurate, 2.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 10500000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{b}^{4}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b 10500000.0) (- (* (* a a) (* a a)) 1.0) (pow b 4.0)))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 10500000.0) {
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = pow(b, 4.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= 10500000.0d0) then
        tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0d0
    else
        tmp = b ** 4.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 10500000.0) {
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow(b, 4.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= 10500000.0:
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0
	else:
		tmp = math.pow(b, 4.0)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= 10500000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(a * a)) - 1.0);
	else
		tmp = b ^ 4.0;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= 10500000.0)
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	else
		tmp = b ^ 4.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 10500000.0], N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[Power[b, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if b < 1.05e7

   1. Initial program 77.2%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto {a}^{\left(2 + \color{blue}{2}\right)} - 1 \]

      2. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} - 1 \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} - 1 \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2} - 1 \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2} - 1 \]

      6. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

      7. lift-*.f64 78.7

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 78.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)} - 1 \]

   if 1.05e7 < b

   1. Initial program 63.6%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      3. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{4} - 1 \]

      4. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4 \cdot 1}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{\left(2 + \color{blue}{2}\right)} - 1 \]

      8. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      10. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      12. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

      13. lift-*.f64 39.0

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 39.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

   5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{4}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{b} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b \]

      4. pow3 N/A

         \[\leadsto {b}^{3} \cdot b \]

      5. pow-plus N/A

         \[\leadsto {b}^{\color{blue}{\left(3 + 1\right)}} \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto {b}^{4} \]

      7. lower-pow.f64 91.8

         \[\leadsto {b}^{\color{blue}{4}} \]

   9. Applied rewrites 91.8%

      \[\leadsto {b}^{\color{blue}{4}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 81.9% accurate, 3.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 10500000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b 10500000.0) (- (* (* a a) (* a a)) 1.0) (* (* (* b b) b) b)))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 10500000.0) {
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= 10500000.0d0) then
        tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0d0
    else
        tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 10500000.0) {
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= 10500000.0:
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0
	else:
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= 10500000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(a * a)) - 1.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * b) * b);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= 10500000.0)
		tmp = ((a * a) * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	else
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 10500000.0], N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if b < 1.05e7

   1. Initial program 77.2%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto {a}^{\left(2 + \color{blue}{2}\right)} - 1 \]

      2. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} - 1 \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} - 1 \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2} - 1 \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2} - 1 \]

      6. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

      7. lift-*.f64 78.7

         \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 78.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)} - 1 \]

   if 1.05e7 < b

   1. Initial program 63.6%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      3. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{4} - 1 \]

      4. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4 \cdot 1}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{\left(2 + \color{blue}{2}\right)} - 1 \]

      8. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      10. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      12. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

      13. lift-*.f64 39.0

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 39.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

   5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{4}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 91.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 67.7% accurate, 3.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 200000:\\ \;\;\;\;4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b 200000.0) (- (* 4.0 (* a a)) 1.0) (* (* (* b b) b) b)))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 200000.0) {
		tmp = (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= 200000.0d0) then
        tmp = (4.0d0 * (a * a)) - 1.0d0
    else
        tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 200000.0) {
		tmp = (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= 200000.0:
		tmp = (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0
	else:
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= 200000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * a)) - 1.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * b) * b);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= 200000.0)
		tmp = (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0;
	else
		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * b;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 200000.0], N[(N[(4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if b < 2e5

   1. Initial program 77.2%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - a\right)\right) + {a}^{4}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + {\color{blue}{a}}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}, \color{blue}{1 - a}, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}, \color{blue}{1} - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      4. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      6. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - \color{blue}{a}, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}\right) - 1 \]

      8. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      10. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      12. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) - 1 \]

      13. lift-*.f64 67.7

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 67.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} - 1 \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

      3. lift-*.f64 59.9

         \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 59.9%

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} - 1 \]

   if 2e5 < b

   1. Initial program 63.7%

      \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{4} \cdot \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)} - 1 \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{4}} - 1 \]

      3. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - 4 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{4} - 1 \]

      4. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4 \cdot 1}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{4} - 1 \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot {a}^{\left(2 + \color{blue}{2}\right)} - 1 \]

      8. pow-prod-up N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}}\right) - 1 \]

      10. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{a}}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

      12. pow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

      13. lift-*.f64 39.0

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right)\right) - 1 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 39.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{4}{a}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

   5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{4}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 91.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot b} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 51.7% accurate, 5.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (- (* 4.0 (* a a)) 1.0))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = (4.0d0 * (a * a)) - 1.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * a)) - 1.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (4.0 * (a * a)) - 1.0;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 73.9%

   \[\left({\left(a \cdot a + b \cdot b\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(3 + a\right)\right)\right) - 1 \]

2. Taylor expanded in b around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - a\right)\right) + {a}^{4}\right)} - 1 \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - a\right) + {\color{blue}{a}}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

   2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}, \color{blue}{1 - a}, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

   3. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot {a}^{2}, \color{blue}{1} - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

   4. pow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

   5. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

   6. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - \color{blue}{a}, {a}^{4}\right) - 1 \]

   7. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{\left(2 + 2\right)}\right) - 1 \]

   8. pow-prod-up N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

   9. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, {a}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

   10. pow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

   11. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot {a}^{2}\right) - 1 \]

   12. pow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) - 1 \]

   13. lift-*.f64 57.7

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) - 1 \]

4. Applied rewrites 57.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), 1 - a, \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)} - 1 \]

5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

   \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} - 1 \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. pow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot \color{blue}{a}\right) - 1 \]

   3. lift-*.f64 51.7

      \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right) - 1 \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.7%

   \[\leadsto 4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} - 1 \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025117 
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "Bouland and Aaronson, Equation (24)"
  :precision binary64
  (- (+ (pow (+ (* a a) (* b b)) 2.0) (* 4.0 (+ (* (* a a) (- 1.0 a)) (* (* b b) (+ 3.0 a))))) 1.0))