NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B

Percentage Accurate: 78.3% → 99.6%

Time: 3.3s

Alternatives: 6

Speedup: 1.6×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 78.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (* PI (/ 1.0 (* b a))) (* (+ b a) 2.0)))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((double) M_PI) * (1.0 / (b * a))) / ((b + a) * 2.0);
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.PI * (1.0 / (b * a))) / ((b + a) * 2.0);
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return (math.pi * (1.0 / (b * a))) / ((b + a) * 2.0)

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(pi * Float64(1.0 / Float64(b * a))) / Float64(Float64(b + a) * 2.0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (pi * (1.0 / (b * a))) / ((b + a) * 2.0);
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi * N[(1.0 / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 78.3%

   \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   5. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   6. associate-*r/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   7. difference-of-squares N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   8. times-frac N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   10. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   11. lower-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   12. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   13. lower--.f64 88.3

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 88.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   3. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   4. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   5. lift-PI.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   6. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   7. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   8. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   9. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

   10. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   11. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}}\right) \]

   12. associate-*l* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

   13. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

5. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot \color{blue}{a}} \]

   3. lower-*.f64 99.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot \color{blue}{a}} \]

8. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b \cdot a}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}} \]

   2. lift-PI.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a} \]

   3. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a} \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a} \]

   5. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + b\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a} \]

   6. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)}} \]

   7. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)}} \]

   8. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \]

   9. lift-PI.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \]

   10. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}} \]

   11. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{\color{blue}{\left(a + b\right) \cdot 2}} \]

   12. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot 2} \]

   13. lower-+.f64 99.6

       \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right)} \cdot 2} \]

10. Applied rewrites 99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a}}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot 2}} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot a} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ PI (* 2.0 (+ a b))) (/ 1.0 (* b a))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((double) M_PI) / (2.0 * (a + b))) * (1.0 / (b * a));
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.PI / (2.0 * (a + b))) * (1.0 / (b * a));
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return (math.pi / (2.0 * (a + b))) * (1.0 / (b * a))

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(2.0 * Float64(a + b))) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(b * a)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (pi / (2.0 * (a + b))) * (1.0 / (b * a));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi / N[(2.0 * N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 78.3%

   \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   4. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   5. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   6. associate-*r/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   7. difference-of-squares N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   8. times-frac N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   9. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   10. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   11. lower-+.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   12. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   13. lower--.f64 88.3

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

3. Applied rewrites 88.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   3. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   4. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   5. lift-PI.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   6. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   7. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   8. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   9. lift--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

   10. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   11. lift-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}}\right) \]

   12. associate-*l* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

   13. lower-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

5. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a \cdot b}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{a \cdot b}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot \color{blue}{a}} \]

   3. lower-*.f64 99.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot \color{blue}{a}} \]

8. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b \cdot a}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 86.5% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.2 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b \cdot a} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -5.2e-36)
   (* (/ (/ PI a) (* b a)) 0.5)
   (if (<= a 7.2e-54)
     (* (/ PI (* b (* b a))) 0.5)
     (* (/ PI (* a (* a b))) 0.5))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36) {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / a) / (b * a)) * 0.5;
	} else if (a <= 7.2e-54) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36) {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / a) / (b * a)) * 0.5;
	} else if (a <= 7.2e-54) {
		tmp = (Math.PI / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.PI / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -5.2e-36:
		tmp = ((math.pi / a) / (b * a)) * 0.5
	elif a <= 7.2e-54:
		tmp = (math.pi / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = (math.pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -5.2e-36)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / a) / Float64(b * a)) * 0.5);
	elseif (a <= 7.2e-54)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(b * Float64(b * a))) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(a * b))) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36)
		tmp = ((pi / a) / (b * a)) * 0.5;
	elseif (a <= 7.2e-54)
		tmp = (pi / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = (pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -5.2e-36], N[(N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, 7.2e-54], N[(N[(Pi / N[(b * N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if a < -5.2000000000000001e-36

   1. Initial program 76.0%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lift-*.f64 75.5

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 75.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 86.4

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 86.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lower-*.f64 87.0

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]

   8. Applied rewrites 87.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{a}}{b \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if -5.2000000000000001e-36 < a < 7.19999999999999953e-54

   1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      5. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      6. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      7. difference-of-squares N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      8. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      11. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      12. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      13. lower--.f64 86.9

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 86.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      3. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      5. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      6. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      7. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      8. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      9. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

      10. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      11. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}}\right) \]

      12. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

      13. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{b}^{2} \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{b}^{2} \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-*.f64 74.1

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]

   8. Applied rewrites 74.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot 0.5} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lift-*.f64 87.2

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   10. Applied rewrites 87.2%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if 7.19999999999999953e-54 < a

   1. Initial program 78.2%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lift-*.f64 75.5

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 75.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 84.9

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 86.3% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.2 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI (* a (* a b))) 0.5)))
   (if (<= a -5.2e-36)
     t_0
     (if (<= a 7.2e-54) (* (/ PI (* b (* b a))) 0.5) t_0))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (a <= 7.2e-54) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (a <= 7.2e-54) {
		tmp = (Math.PI / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	t_0 = (math.pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -5.2e-36:
		tmp = t_0
	elif a <= 7.2e-54:
		tmp = (math.pi / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(a * b))) * 0.5)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -5.2e-36)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (a <= 7.2e-54)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(b * Float64(b * a))) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	t_0 = (pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (a <= 7.2e-54)
		tmp = (pi / (b * (b * a))) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -5.2e-36], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 7.2e-54], N[(N[(Pi / N[(b * N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if a < -5.2000000000000001e-36 or 7.19999999999999953e-54 < a

   1. Initial program 77.1%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lift-*.f64 75.5

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 75.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 85.6

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 85.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if -5.2000000000000001e-36 < a < 7.19999999999999953e-54

   1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      2. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b} - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      5. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      6. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      7. difference-of-squares N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      8. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      11. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      12. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      13. lower--.f64 86.9

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   3. Applied rewrites 86.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      3. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{\color{blue}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      4. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{2}}{b + a}} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      5. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      6. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      7. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      8. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b - a}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      9. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]

      10. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

      11. lift-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \frac{1}{b - a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}}\right) \]

      12. associate-*l* N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

      13. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}}{b + a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{2 \cdot \left(a + b\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{b - a} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{b}^{2} \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{b}^{2} \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-*.f64 74.1

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]

   8. Applied rewrites 74.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot 0.5} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lift-*.f64 87.2

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   10. Applied rewrites 87.2%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 80.7% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -5.2 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ PI (* a (* a b))) 0.5)))
   (if (<= a -5.2e-36)
     t_0
     (if (<= a 2.9e-54) (* (/ PI (* (* b b) a)) 0.5) t_0))))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (((double) M_PI) / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (a <= 2.9e-54) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / ((b * b) * a)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double t_0 = (Math.PI / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (a <= 2.9e-54) {
		tmp = (Math.PI / ((b * b) * a)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	t_0 = (math.pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -5.2e-36:
		tmp = t_0
	elif a <= 2.9e-54:
		tmp = (math.pi / ((b * b) * a)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = t_0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(a * b))) * 0.5)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -5.2e-36)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (a <= 2.9e-54)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(Float64(b * b) * a)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	t_0 = (pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -5.2e-36)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (a <= 2.9e-54)
		tmp = (pi / ((b * b) * a)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -5.2e-36], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 2.9e-54], N[(N[(Pi / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if a < -5.2000000000000001e-36 or 2.90000000000000015e-54 < a

   1. Initial program 77.2%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lift-*.f64 75.5

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 75.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. associate-*l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 85.6

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   6. Applied rewrites 85.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if -5.2000000000000001e-36 < a < 2.90000000000000015e-54

   1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{b}^{2} \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{b}^{2} \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. pow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-*.f64 74.1

         \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 74.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a} \cdot 0.5} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 62.7% accurate, 2.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ PI (* a (* a b))) 0.5))

C

double code(double a, double b) {
	return (((double) M_PI) / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
}

Java

public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return (Math.PI / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
}

Python

def code(a, b):
	return (math.pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5

Julia

function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(a * b))) * 0.5)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = (pi / (a * (a * b))) * 0.5;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 78.3%

   \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

   2. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \]

   3. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   4. lift-PI.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   6. pow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   7. lift-*.f64 56.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]

4. Applied rewrites 56.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot 0.5} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot b} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   3. associate-*l* N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   4. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 62.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

6. Applied rewrites 62.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2025115 
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))