Destination given bearing on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.8%
Time: 9.0s
Alternatives: 14
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 14 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot 1\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (*
    (* (sin theta) (sin delta))
    (fma (sin phi1) (cos (/ PI 2.0)) (* (cos phi1) 1.0)))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (fma
     (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
     (sin phi1)
     (* (* (cos theta) (* (cos phi1) (sin delta))) (sin phi1)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * fma(sin(phi1), cos((((double) M_PI) / 2.0)), (cos(phi1) * 1.0))), (cos(delta) - fma((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)), sin(phi1), ((cos(theta) * (cos(phi1) * sin(delta))) * sin(phi1)))));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(Float64(pi / 2.0)), Float64(cos(phi1) * 1.0))), Float64(cos(delta) - fma(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)), sin(phi1), Float64(Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta))) * sin(phi1))))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot 1\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    3. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    8. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    11. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    12. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    13. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
  3. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    2. sin-+PI/2-revN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\phi_1 + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    3. sin-sumN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    4. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    5. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    6. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    8. lower-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    10. lift-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    11. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    12. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    13. lower-PI.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\pi}}{2}\right)\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)}\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{2}\right)\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    3. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    4. sin-PI/299.8

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right), \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot 1}\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta, \sin \phi_1, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 78.6% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-24}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, -0.5, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
   (if (<=
        (atan2
         (* t_1 (cos phi1))
         (-
          (cos delta)
          (*
           (sin phi1)
           (sin
            (asin
             (+
              (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
              (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))
        5e-24)
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 1.0))
     (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (fma (* delta delta) -0.5 1.0))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
	double tmp;
	if (atan2((t_1 * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))) <= 5e-24) {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, fma((delta * delta), -0.5, 1.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (atan(Float64(t_1 * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))) <= 5e-24)
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, 1.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, fma(Float64(delta * delta), -0.5, 1.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[ArcTan[N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 5e-24], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
\mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-24}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, -0.5, 1\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))) < 4.9999999999999998e-24

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      3. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      4. lift-asin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      5. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      7. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      8. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
      10. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      11. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      12. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      13. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
    3. Applied rewrites99.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-cos.f6489.8

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
    6. Applied rewrites89.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      3. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      4. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
      5. lift-*.f6488.5

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
    9. Applied rewrites88.5%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites81.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1} \]

      if 4.9999999999999998e-24 < (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))

      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        2. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        3. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        4. lift-asin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        5. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        7. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        8. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
        10. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        11. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        12. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        13. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
      3. Applied rewrites99.7%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-cos.f6484.0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
      6. Applied rewrites84.0%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        3. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        4. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
        5. lift-*.f6479.4

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      9. Applied rewrites79.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      10. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1 + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2}}} \]
      11. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {delta}^{2} + 1} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{{delta}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + 1} \]
        3. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left({delta}^{2}, \frac{-1}{2}, 1\right)} \]
        4. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \frac{-1}{2}, 1\right)} \]
        5. lower-*.f6467.1

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, -0.5, 1\right)} \]
      12. Applied rewrites67.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\mathsf{fma}\left(delta \cdot delta, \color{blue}{-0.5}, 1\right)} \]
    12. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    13. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 78.5% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \leq 3.04:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
       (if (<=
            (atan2
             (* t_1 (cos phi1))
             (-
              (cos delta)
              (*
               (sin phi1)
               (sin
                (asin
                 (+
                  (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
                  (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))
            3.04)
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 1.0))
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta))))))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
    	double tmp;
    	if (atan2((t_1 * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))) <= 3.04) {
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    module fmin_fmax_functions
        implicit none
        private
        public fmax
        public fmin
    
        interface fmax
            module procedure fmax88
            module procedure fmax44
            module procedure fmax84
            module procedure fmax48
        end interface
        interface fmin
            module procedure fmin88
            module procedure fmin44
            module procedure fmin84
            module procedure fmin48
        end interface
    contains
        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
    end module
    
    real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    use fmin_fmax_functions
        real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
        real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
        real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
        real(8), intent (in) :: delta
        real(8), intent (in) :: theta
        real(8) :: t_1
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta)
        if (atan2((t_1 * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))) <= 3.04d0) then
            tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0d0)
        else
            tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	double t_1 = Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta);
    	double tmp;
    	if (Math.atan2((t_1 * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta)))))))) <= 3.04) {
    		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, 1.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
    	t_1 = math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)
    	tmp = 0
    	if math.atan2((t_1 * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta)))))))) <= 3.04:
    		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, 1.0)
    	else:
    		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
    	return tmp
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (atan(Float64(t_1 * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))) <= 3.04)
    		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, 1.0));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (atan2((t_1 * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))) <= 3.04)
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, 1.0);
    	else
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[ArcTan[N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 3.04], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / 1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
    \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \leq 3.04:\\
    \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{1}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))) < 3.04

      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        2. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        3. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        4. lift-asin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        5. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        7. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        8. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
        10. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        11. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        12. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        13. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
      3. Applied rewrites99.7%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-cos.f6488.3

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
      6. Applied rewrites88.3%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        3. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        4. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
        5. lift-*.f6486.9

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      9. Applied rewrites86.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      10. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1} \]
      11. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites78.4%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{1} \]

        if 3.04 < (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          3. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          4. lift-asin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          5. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          6. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          7. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          8. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          9. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
          10. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          11. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          12. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          13. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
        3. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-cos.f6492.8

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
        6. Applied rewrites92.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        8. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
          5. lift-*.f6483.8

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        9. Applied rewrites83.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        10. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        11. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites80.4%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        12. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        13. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 99.8% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \sin \phi_1, \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
           (-
            (cos delta)
            (fma
             (* (cos theta) (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)))
             (sin phi1)
             (* (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (sin phi1)))))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - fma((cos(theta) * (cos(phi1) * sin(delta))), sin(phi1), ((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) * sin(phi1)))));
        }
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - fma(Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta))), sin(phi1), Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) * sin(phi1))))))
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \sin \phi_1, \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          3. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          4. lift-asin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          5. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          6. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          7. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          8. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          9. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
          10. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          11. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          12. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          13. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
        3. Applied rewrites99.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          3. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          5. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          6. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
          8. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          9. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\color{blue}{\cos theta} \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          10. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          11. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          12. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
          13. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
          14. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \sin \phi_1, \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 99.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (+
          (atan2
           (* (* (sin delta) (sin theta)) (cos phi1))
           (-
            (cos delta)
            (*
             (fma (sin phi1) (cos delta) (* (cos theta) (* (cos phi1) (sin delta))))
             (sin phi1))))
          lambda1))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return atan2(((sin(delta) * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (cos(theta) * (cos(phi1) * sin(delta)))) * sin(phi1)))) + lambda1;
        }
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	return Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)))) * sin(phi1)))) + lambda1)
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Applied rewrites99.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 6: 94.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
           (-
            (cos delta)
            (* (sin phi1) (fma (sin phi1) (cos delta) (* (cos phi1) (sin delta))))))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (cos(phi1) * sin(delta))))));
        }
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)))))))
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
          2. sin-sum-revN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
          3. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
          4. lower-+.f6492.0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
        4. Applied rewrites92.0%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
          3. sin-sumN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta}\right)} \]
          4. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
          5. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos \color{blue}{delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
          6. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
          7. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
          8. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
          9. lift-*.f6494.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
        6. Applied rewrites94.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
        7. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 7: 92.0% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
           (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (+ phi1 delta)))))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin((phi1 + delta)))));
        }
        
        module fmin_fmax_functions
            implicit none
            private
            public fmax
            public fmin
        
            interface fmax
                module procedure fmax88
                module procedure fmax44
                module procedure fmax84
                module procedure fmax48
            end interface
            interface fmin
                module procedure fmin88
                module procedure fmin44
                module procedure fmin84
                module procedure fmin48
            end interface
        contains
            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
        end module
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        use fmin_fmax_functions
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin((phi1 + delta)))))
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin((phi1 + delta)))));
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin((phi1 + delta)))))
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(Float64(phi1 + delta))))))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin((phi1 + delta)))));
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(phi1 + delta), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right)} \]
          2. sin-sum-revN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
          3. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
          4. lower-+.f6492.0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)} \]
        4. Applied rewrites92.0%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(\phi_1 + delta\right)}} \]
        5. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 8: 92.1% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
           (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0)))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
        }
        
        module fmin_fmax_functions
            implicit none
            private
            public fmax
            public fmin
        
            interface fmax
                module procedure fmax88
                module procedure fmax44
                module procedure fmax84
                module procedure fmax48
            end interface
            interface fmin
                module procedure fmin88
                module procedure fmin44
                module procedure fmin84
                module procedure fmin48
            end interface
        contains
            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
        end module
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        use fmin_fmax_functions
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ** 2.0d0)))
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - Math.pow(Math.sin(phi1), 2.0)));
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - math.pow(math.sin(phi1), 2.0)))
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
          2. lift-sin.f6492.1

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites92.1%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        5. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 9: 90.1% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.00039:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 9.2 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) - 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1, 1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
                (t_2 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* t_1 (cos phi1)) (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)))))
           (if (<= phi1 -0.00039)
             t_2
             (if (<= phi1 9.2e-5)
               (+
                lambda1
                (atan2
                 (*
                  t_1
                  (fma
                   (- (* 0.041666666666666664 (* phi1 phi1)) 0.5)
                   (* phi1 phi1)
                   1.0))
                 (cos delta)))
               t_2))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
        	double t_2 = lambda1 + atan2((t_1 * cos(phi1)), pow(cos(phi1), 2.0));
        	double tmp;
        	if (phi1 <= -0.00039) {
        		tmp = t_2;
        	} else if (phi1 <= 9.2e-5) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((t_1 * fma(((0.041666666666666664 * (phi1 * phi1)) - 0.5), (phi1 * phi1), 1.0)), cos(delta));
        	} else {
        		tmp = t_2;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
        	t_2 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(t_1 * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (phi1 <= -0.00039)
        		tmp = t_2;
        	elseif (phi1 <= 9.2e-5)
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(t_1 * fma(Float64(Float64(0.041666666666666664 * Float64(phi1 * phi1)) - 0.5), Float64(phi1 * phi1), 1.0)), cos(delta)));
        	else
        		tmp = t_2;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[phi1, -0.00039], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[phi1, 9.2e-5], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(t$95$1 * N[(N[(N[(0.041666666666666664 * N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
        t_2 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.00039:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 9.2 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) - 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1, 1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if phi1 < -3.89999999999999993e-4 or 9.20000000000000001e-5 < phi1

          1. Initial program 99.6%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
            2. 1-sub-sin-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}} \]
            3. pow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
            4. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
            5. lift-cos.f6480.6

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites80.6%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

          if -3.89999999999999993e-4 < phi1 < 9.20000000000000001e-5

          1. Initial program 99.9%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            2. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            3. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            4. lift-asin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            5. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            6. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            7. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            8. lift-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            9. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
            10. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            11. lift-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            12. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            13. lift-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
          3. Applied rewrites99.9%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
          4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-cos.f6499.7

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          6. Applied rewrites99.7%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + {\phi_1}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left({\phi_1}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \color{blue}{1}\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            2. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} + 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{{\phi_1}^{2}}, 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            4. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}, {\color{blue}{\phi_1}}^{2}, 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            5. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot {\phi_1}^{2} - \frac{1}{2}, {\phi_1}^{2}, 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            6. pow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}, {\phi_1}^{2}, 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            7. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}, {\phi_1}^{2}, 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            8. pow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{24} \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) - \frac{1}{2}, \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}, 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
            9. lift-*.f6499.7

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) - 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}, 1\right)}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Applied rewrites99.7%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.041666666666666664 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) - 0.5, \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1, 1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
        3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        4. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 10: 88.6% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (cos delta))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), cos(delta));
        }
        
        module fmin_fmax_functions
            implicit none
            private
            public fmax
            public fmin
        
            interface fmax
                module procedure fmax88
                module procedure fmax44
                module procedure fmax84
                module procedure fmax48
            end interface
            interface fmin
                module procedure fmin88
                module procedure fmin44
                module procedure fmin84
                module procedure fmin48
            end interface
        contains
            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
        end module
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        use fmin_fmax_functions
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), cos(delta))
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), Math.cos(delta));
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), math.cos(delta))
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), cos(delta)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), cos(delta));
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-cos.f6488.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
        4. Applied rewrites88.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 11: 86.7% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos delta))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
        }
        
        module fmin_fmax_functions
            implicit none
            private
            public fmax
            public fmin
        
            interface fmax
                module procedure fmax88
                module procedure fmax44
                module procedure fmax84
                module procedure fmax48
            end interface
            interface fmin
                module procedure fmin88
                module procedure fmin44
                module procedure fmin84
                module procedure fmin48
            end interface
        contains
            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
        end module
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        use fmin_fmax_functions
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          3. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          4. lift-asin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          5. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          6. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          7. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          8. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          9. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
          10. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          11. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          12. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          13. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
        3. Applied rewrites99.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-cos.f6488.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
        6. Applied rewrites88.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        8. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
          5. lift-*.f6486.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        9. Applied rewrites86.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        10. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 12: 80.7% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.2:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta)))))
           (if (<= theta -1.2)
             t_1
             (if (<= theta 6e+16)
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))
               t_1))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
        	double tmp;
        	if (theta <= -1.2) {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	} else if (theta <= 6e+16) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
        	} else {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        module fmin_fmax_functions
            implicit none
            private
            public fmax
            public fmin
        
            interface fmax
                module procedure fmax88
                module procedure fmax44
                module procedure fmax84
                module procedure fmax48
            end interface
            interface fmin
                module procedure fmin88
                module procedure fmin44
                module procedure fmin84
                module procedure fmin48
            end interface
        contains
            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
        end module
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        use fmin_fmax_functions
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            real(8) :: t_1
            real(8) :: tmp
            t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta))
            if (theta <= (-1.2d0)) then
                tmp = t_1
            else if (theta <= 6d+16) then
                tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
            else
                tmp = t_1
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), Math.cos(delta));
        	double tmp;
        	if (theta <= -1.2) {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	} else if (theta <= 6e+16) {
        		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
        	} else {
        		tmp = t_1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	t_1 = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), math.cos(delta))
        	tmp = 0
        	if theta <= -1.2:
        		tmp = t_1
        	elif theta <= 6e+16:
        		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
        	else:
        		tmp = t_1
        	return tmp
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (theta <= -1.2)
        		tmp = t_1;
        	elseif (theta <= 6e+16)
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
        	else
        		tmp = t_1;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (theta <= -1.2)
        		tmp = t_1;
        	elseif (theta <= 6e+16)
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
        	else
        		tmp = t_1;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[theta, -1.2], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[theta, 6e+16], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -1.2:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;theta \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if theta < -1.19999999999999996 or 6e16 < theta

          1. Initial program 99.7%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            2. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            3. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            4. lift-asin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            5. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            6. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            7. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            8. lift-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            9. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
            10. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            11. lift-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            12. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            13. lift-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
          3. Applied rewrites99.7%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
          4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-cos.f6484.4

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          6. Applied rewrites84.4%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
            2. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            4. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
            5. lift-*.f6482.7

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Applied rewrites82.7%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          10. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \]
          11. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites71.1%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \]

            if -1.19999999999999996 < theta < 6e16

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              2. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              3. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              4. lift-asin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              5. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              6. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              7. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              8. lift-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              9. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
              10. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              11. lift-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              12. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              13. lift-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
            3. Applied rewrites99.9%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
            4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-cos.f6492.6

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
            6. Applied rewrites92.6%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              4. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
              5. lift-*.f6490.4

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Applied rewrites90.4%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            10. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            11. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites89.9%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            12. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            13. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 13: 73.9% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -4.6 \cdot 10^{-117}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= lambda1 -4.6e-117)
               lambda1
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (lambda1 <= -4.6e-117) {
            		tmp = lambda1;
            	} else {
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            module fmin_fmax_functions
                implicit none
                private
                public fmax
                public fmin
            
                interface fmax
                    module procedure fmax88
                    module procedure fmax44
                    module procedure fmax84
                    module procedure fmax48
                end interface
                interface fmin
                    module procedure fmin88
                    module procedure fmin44
                    module procedure fmin84
                    module procedure fmin48
                end interface
            contains
                real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
            end module
            
            real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            use fmin_fmax_functions
                real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                real(8) :: tmp
                if (lambda1 <= (-4.6d-117)) then
                    tmp = lambda1
                else
                    tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (lambda1 <= -4.6e-117) {
            		tmp = lambda1;
            	} else {
            		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
            	tmp = 0
            	if lambda1 <= -4.6e-117:
            		tmp = lambda1
            	else:
            		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
            	return tmp
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (lambda1 <= -4.6e-117)
            		tmp = lambda1;
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if (lambda1 <= -4.6e-117)
            		tmp = lambda1;
            	else
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[lambda1, -4.6e-117], lambda1, N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -4.6 \cdot 10^{-117}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\lambda_1\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if lambda1 < -4.59999999999999989e-117

              1. Initial program 99.9%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites88.9%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]

                if -4.59999999999999989e-117 < lambda1

                1. Initial program 99.7%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  2. lift-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  3. lift-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  4. lift-asin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  5. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  6. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  7. lift-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  8. lift-cos.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  9. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}\right)} \]
                  10. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  11. lift-cos.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  12. lift-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  13. lift-cos.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos theta}\right)} \]
                3. Applied rewrites99.7%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                4. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-cos.f6484.9

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
                6. Applied rewrites84.9%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \color{blue}{delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lift-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  4. lift-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                  5. lift-*.f6482.3

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Applied rewrites82.3%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                11. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites65.7%

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                12. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                13. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 14: 70.5% accurate, 1341.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta) :precision binary64 lambda1)
                double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                	return lambda1;
                }
                
                module fmin_fmax_functions
                    implicit none
                    private
                    public fmax
                    public fmin
                
                    interface fmax
                        module procedure fmax88
                        module procedure fmax44
                        module procedure fmax84
                        module procedure fmax48
                    end interface
                    interface fmin
                        module procedure fmin88
                        module procedure fmin44
                        module procedure fmin84
                        module procedure fmin48
                    end interface
                contains
                    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                end module
                
                real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                use fmin_fmax_functions
                    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                    code = lambda1
                end function
                
                public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                	return lambda1;
                }
                
                def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                	return lambda1
                
                function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                	return lambda1
                end
                
                function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                	tmp = lambda1;
                end
                
                code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := lambda1
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \lambda_1
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 99.8%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites70.5%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing

                  Reproduce

                  ?
                  herbie shell --seed 2025101 
                  (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                    :name "Destination given bearing on a great circle"
                    :precision binary64
                    (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (asin (+ (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))