
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Herbie found 10 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(/
(- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)
(*
PI
(*
(fma (* (- (pow alpha 2.0) 1.0) cosTheta) cosTheta 1.0)
(log (pow alpha 2.0))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / (((float) M_PI) * (fmaf(((powf(alpha, 2.0f) - 1.0f) * cosTheta), cosTheta, 1.0f) * logf(powf(alpha, 2.0f))));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(fma(Float32(Float32((alpha ^ Float32(2.0)) - Float32(1.0)) * cosTheta), cosTheta, Float32(1.0)) * log((alpha ^ Float32(2.0)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\pi \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left({\alpha}^{2} - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta, cosTheta, 1\right) \cdot \log \left({\alpha}^{2}\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(/
(- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)
(*
PI
(*
(fma (* (- (pow alpha 2.0) 1.0) cosTheta) cosTheta 1.0)
(* (log alpha) 2.0)))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / (((float) M_PI) * (fmaf(((powf(alpha, 2.0f) - 1.0f) * cosTheta), cosTheta, 1.0f) * (logf(alpha) * 2.0f)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(fma(Float32(Float32((alpha ^ Float32(2.0)) - Float32(1.0)) * cosTheta), cosTheta, Float32(1.0)) * Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(2.0))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\pi \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left({\alpha}^{2} - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta, cosTheta, 1\right) \cdot \left(\log \alpha \cdot 2\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.4%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* (+ PI PI) (log alpha)) (fma (* (- (pow alpha 2.0) 1.0) cosTheta) cosTheta 1.0))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / (((((float) M_PI) + ((float) M_PI)) * logf(alpha)) * fmaf(((powf(alpha, 2.0f) - 1.0f) * cosTheta), cosTheta, 1.0f));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) + Float32(pi)) * log(alpha)) * fma(Float32(Float32((alpha ^ Float32(2.0)) - Float32(1.0)) * cosTheta), cosTheta, Float32(1.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\left(\pi + \pi\right) \cdot \log \alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\left({\alpha}^{2} - 1\right) \cdot cosTheta, cosTheta, 1\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.4%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t\_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* PI (* (fma (- cosTheta) cosTheta 1.0) (* (log alpha) 2.0)))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / (((float) M_PI) * (fmaf(-cosTheta, cosTheta, 1.0f) * (logf(alpha) * 2.0f)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(fma(Float32(-cosTheta), cosTheta, Float32(1.0)) * Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(2.0))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\pi \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-cosTheta, cosTheta, 1\right) \cdot \left(\log \alpha \cdot 2\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.4%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0
Applied rewrites97.6%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* (+ PI PI) (log alpha)) (fma (- cosTheta) cosTheta 1.0))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / (((((float) M_PI) + ((float) M_PI)) * logf(alpha)) * fmaf(-cosTheta, cosTheta, 1.0f));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) + Float32(pi)) * log(alpha)) * fma(Float32(-cosTheta), cosTheta, Float32(1.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\left(\pi + \pi\right) \cdot \log \alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-cosTheta, cosTheta, 1\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.4%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0
Applied rewrites97.6%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) 1.0)))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * 1.0f);
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(1.0))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha * alpha) - single(1.0)) / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * single(1.0)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot 1}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0
Applied rewrites95.2%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* (log alpha) PI) 2.0)))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / ((logf(alpha) * ((float) M_PI)) * 2.0f);
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(pi)) * Float32(2.0))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha * alpha) - single(1.0)) / ((log(alpha) * single(pi)) * single(2.0)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\log \alpha \cdot \pi\right) \cdot 2}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.5%
Applied rewrites98.4%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0
Applied rewrites95.2%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (/ -0.5 PI) (log alpha)))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return (-0.5f / ((float) M_PI)) / logf(alpha);
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(pi)) / log(alpha)) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = (single(-0.5) / single(pi)) / log(alpha); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{-0.5}{\pi}}{\log \alpha}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0
Applied rewrites95.2%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0
Applied rewrites65.1%
Applied rewrites65.2%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ -0.5 (* (log alpha) PI)))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return -0.5f / (logf(alpha) * ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = single(-0.5) / (log(alpha) * single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.5}{\log \alpha \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0
Applied rewrites95.2%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0
Applied rewrites65.1%
herbie shell --seed 2025100
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:name "GTR1 distribution"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 cosTheta) (<= cosTheta 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0001 alpha) (<= alpha 1.0)))
(/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) cosTheta) cosTheta)))))