Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.8%
Time: 3.4s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 2.4×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))
function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end
function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end
code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\
t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))
function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end
function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end
code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\
t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a\right) - 0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (-
  (fma (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) (sqrt (- a 0.3333333333333333)) a)
  0.3333333333333333))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma((0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333)), a) - 0.3333333333333333;
}
function code(a, rand)
	return Float64(fma(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333)), a) - 0.3333333333333333)
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + a), $MachinePrecision] - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a\right) - 0.3333333333333333
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \]
    2. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \]
    3. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
    4. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a\right) - 0.3333333333333333} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 90.7% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\ \;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= rand -1.02e+64)
   (* (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) (sqrt a))
   (if (<= rand 7.6e+115)
     (- a 0.3333333333333333)
     (* (* (sqrt a) rand) 0.3333333333333333))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -1.02e+64) {
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * sqrt(a);
	} else if (rand <= 7.6e+115) {
		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
	}
	return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (rand <= (-1.02d+64)) then
        tmp = (0.3333333333333333d0 * rand) * sqrt(a)
    else if (rand <= 7.6d+115) then
        tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333d0
    else
        tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if (rand <= -1.02e+64) {
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * Math.sqrt(a);
	} else if (rand <= 7.6e+115) {
		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, rand):
	tmp = 0
	if rand <= -1.02e+64:
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * math.sqrt(a)
	elif rand <= 7.6e+115:
		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333
	else:
		tmp = (math.sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333
	return tmp
function code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (rand <= -1.02e+64)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand) * sqrt(a));
	elseif (rand <= 7.6e+115)
		tmp = Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (rand <= -1.02e+64)
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * sqrt(a);
	elseif (rand <= 7.6e+115)
		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
	else
		tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, rand_] := If[LessEqual[rand, -1.02e+64], N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[rand, 7.6e+115], N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\
\;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if rand < -1.01999999999999996e64

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{rand} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) \]
      3. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
      6. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a} - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      8. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      9. metadata-eval85.9

        \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333} \]
    4. Applied rewrites85.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites83.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a} \]

      if -1.01999999999999996e64 < rand < 7.6000000000000001e115

      1. Initial program 99.9%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto a - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        2. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto a - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
        3. metadata-eval92.0

          \[\leadsto a - 0.3333333333333333 \]
      4. Applied rewrites92.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333} \]

      if 7.6000000000000001e115 < rand

      1. Initial program 99.5%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        6. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        7. sqrt-undivN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        9. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        10. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        11. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        13. sqrt-divN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        14. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        15. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        16. lower-sqrt.f6497.7

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
      4. Applied rewrites97.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        6. metadata-eval94.2

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333 \]
      7. Applied rewrites94.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333} \]
    7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 90.7% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\ \;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= rand -1.02e+64)
       (* (* (sqrt a) 0.3333333333333333) rand)
       (if (<= rand 7.6e+115)
         (- a 0.3333333333333333)
         (* (* (sqrt a) rand) 0.3333333333333333))))
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64) {
    		tmp = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
    	} else if (rand <= 7.6e+115) {
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
    	} else {
    		tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    module fmin_fmax_functions
        implicit none
        private
        public fmax
        public fmin
    
        interface fmax
            module procedure fmax88
            module procedure fmax44
            module procedure fmax84
            module procedure fmax48
        end interface
        interface fmin
            module procedure fmin88
            module procedure fmin44
            module procedure fmin84
            module procedure fmin48
        end interface
    contains
        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
    end module
    
    real(8) function code(a, rand)
    use fmin_fmax_functions
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: rand
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (rand <= (-1.02d+64)) then
            tmp = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333d0) * rand
        else if (rand <= 7.6d+115) then
            tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333d0
        else
            tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333d0
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double rand) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64) {
    		tmp = (Math.sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
    	} else if (rand <= 7.6e+115) {
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
    	} else {
    		tmp = (Math.sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(a, rand):
    	tmp = 0
    	if rand <= -1.02e+64:
    		tmp = (math.sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand
    	elif rand <= 7.6e+115:
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333
    	else:
    		tmp = (math.sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333
    	return tmp
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand);
    	elseif (rand <= 7.6e+115)
    		tmp = Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333);
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64)
    		tmp = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
    	elseif (rand <= 7.6e+115)
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
    	else
    		tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := If[LessEqual[rand, -1.02e+64], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[rand, 7.6e+115], N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\
    \;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if rand < -1.01999999999999996e64

      1. Initial program 99.5%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        6. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        7. sqrt-undivN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        9. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        10. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        11. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        13. sqrt-divN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        14. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        15. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        16. lower-sqrt.f6497.4

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
      4. Applied rewrites97.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        6. metadata-eval83.6

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333 \]
      7. Applied rewrites83.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        3. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot \color{blue}{rand}\right) \]
        5. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot rand \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot rand \]
        9. lift-sqrt.f6483.8

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand \]
      9. Applied rewrites83.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand \]

      if -1.01999999999999996e64 < rand < 7.6000000000000001e115

      1. Initial program 99.9%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto a - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        2. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto a - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
        3. metadata-eval92.0

          \[\leadsto a - 0.3333333333333333 \]
      4. Applied rewrites92.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333} \]

      if 7.6000000000000001e115 < rand

      1. Initial program 99.5%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        6. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        7. sqrt-undivN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        9. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        10. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        11. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        13. sqrt-divN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        14. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        15. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        16. lower-sqrt.f6497.7

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
      4. Applied rewrites97.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        6. metadata-eval94.2

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333 \]
      7. Applied rewrites94.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333} \]
    3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    4. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 90.8% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\ \;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* (* (sqrt a) 0.3333333333333333) rand)))
       (if (<= rand -1.02e+64)
         t_0
         (if (<= rand 7.6e+115) (- a 0.3333333333333333) t_0))))
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	double t_0 = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
    	double tmp;
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64) {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	} else if (rand <= 7.6e+115) {
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    module fmin_fmax_functions
        implicit none
        private
        public fmax
        public fmin
    
        interface fmax
            module procedure fmax88
            module procedure fmax44
            module procedure fmax84
            module procedure fmax48
        end interface
        interface fmin
            module procedure fmin88
            module procedure fmin44
            module procedure fmin84
            module procedure fmin48
        end interface
    contains
        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(4), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
            real(4), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
        end function
    end module
    
    real(8) function code(a, rand)
    use fmin_fmax_functions
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: rand
        real(8) :: t_0
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_0 = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333d0) * rand
        if (rand <= (-1.02d+64)) then
            tmp = t_0
        else if (rand <= 7.6d+115) then
            tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333d0
        else
            tmp = t_0
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double rand) {
    	double t_0 = (Math.sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
    	double tmp;
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64) {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	} else if (rand <= 7.6e+115) {
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(a, rand):
    	t_0 = (math.sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand
    	tmp = 0
    	if rand <= -1.02e+64:
    		tmp = t_0
    	elif rand <= 7.6e+115:
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333
    	else:
    		tmp = t_0
    	return tmp
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64)
    		tmp = t_0;
    	elseif (rand <= 7.6e+115)
    		tmp = Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333);
    	else
    		tmp = t_0;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
    	t_0 = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (rand <= -1.02e+64)
    		tmp = t_0;
    	elseif (rand <= 7.6e+115)
    		tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
    	else
    		tmp = t_0;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[rand, -1.02e+64], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[rand, 7.6e+115], N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\
    \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+115}:\\
    \;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if rand < -1.01999999999999996e64 or 7.6000000000000001e115 < rand

      1. Initial program 99.5%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        6. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        7. sqrt-undivN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        9. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        10. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        11. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        13. sqrt-divN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        14. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        15. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        16. lower-sqrt.f6497.5

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
      4. Applied rewrites97.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        6. metadata-eval88.4

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333 \]
      7. Applied rewrites88.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        3. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot \color{blue}{rand}\right) \]
        5. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a}\right) \cdot rand \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot rand \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot rand \]
        9. lift-sqrt.f6488.6

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand \]
      9. Applied rewrites88.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand \]

      if -1.01999999999999996e64 < rand < 7.6000000000000001e115

      1. Initial program 99.9%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto a - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        2. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto a - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
        3. metadata-eval92.0

          \[\leadsto a - 0.3333333333333333 \]
      4. Applied rewrites92.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 98.9% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a\right) - 0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a rand)
     :precision binary64
     (- (fma (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) (sqrt a) a) 0.3333333333333333))
    double code(double a, double rand) {
    	return fma((0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(a), a) - 0.3333333333333333;
    }
    
    function code(a, rand)
    	return Float64(fma(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(a), a) - 0.3333333333333333)
    end
    
    code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] + a), $MachinePrecision] - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a\right) - 0.3333333333333333
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
      4. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a\right) - 0.3333333333333333} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a\right) - \frac{1}{3} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites98.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a\right) - 0.3333333333333333 \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 97.8% accurate, 3.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, a\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a rand)
       :precision binary64
       (fma (sqrt a) (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) a))
      double code(double a, double rand) {
      	return fma(sqrt(a), (0.3333333333333333 * rand), a);
      }
      
      function code(a, rand)
      	return fma(sqrt(a), Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand), a)
      end
      
      code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] + a), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, a\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.8%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 + \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot \frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand \cdot \sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        6. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-1}}{\sqrt{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        7. sqrt-undivN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{-1}{-9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        9. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        10. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        11. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        13. sqrt-divN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        14. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        15. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
        16. lower-sqrt.f6497.8

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]
      4. Applied rewrites97.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333, \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \]
        2. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) + a \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
        4. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}}, a\right) \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand, \frac{1}{3}, a\right) \]
        6. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand, \frac{1}{3}, a\right) \]
        7. metadata-eval97.7

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand, 0.3333333333333333, a\right) \]
      7. Applied rewrites97.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333}, a\right) \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
        3. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3} + a \]
        4. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{a} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}\right) + a \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, rand \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}, a\right) \]
        6. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, rand \cdot \frac{1}{3}, a\right) \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, \frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, a\right) \]
        8. lower-*.f6497.8

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, a\right) \]
      9. Applied rewrites97.8%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{rand}, a\right) \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 63.1% accurate, 17.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ a - 0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 (- a 0.3333333333333333))
      double code(double a, double rand) {
      	return a - 0.3333333333333333;
      }
      
      module fmin_fmax_functions
          implicit none
          private
          public fmax
          public fmin
      
          interface fmax
              module procedure fmax88
              module procedure fmax44
              module procedure fmax84
              module procedure fmax48
          end interface
          interface fmin
              module procedure fmin88
              module procedure fmin44
              module procedure fmin84
              module procedure fmin48
          end interface
      contains
          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
      end module
      
      real(8) function code(a, rand)
      use fmin_fmax_functions
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: rand
          code = a - 0.3333333333333333d0
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double rand) {
      	return a - 0.3333333333333333;
      }
      
      def code(a, rand):
      	return a - 0.3333333333333333
      
      function code(a, rand)
      	return Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333)
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, rand)
      	tmp = a - 0.3333333333333333;
      end
      
      code[a_, rand_] := N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      a - 0.3333333333333333
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.8%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto a - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        2. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto a - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
        3. metadata-eval63.1

          \[\leadsto a - 0.3333333333333333 \]
      4. Applied rewrites63.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 62.1% accurate, 68.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ a \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 a)
      double code(double a, double rand) {
      	return a;
      }
      
      module fmin_fmax_functions
          implicit none
          private
          public fmax
          public fmin
      
          interface fmax
              module procedure fmax88
              module procedure fmax44
              module procedure fmax84
              module procedure fmax48
          end interface
          interface fmin
              module procedure fmin88
              module procedure fmin44
              module procedure fmin84
              module procedure fmin48
          end interface
      contains
          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
      end module
      
      real(8) function code(a, rand)
      use fmin_fmax_functions
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: rand
          code = a
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double rand) {
      	return a;
      }
      
      def code(a, rand):
      	return a
      
      function code(a, rand)
      	return a
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, rand)
      	tmp = a;
      end
      
      code[a_, rand_] := a
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      a
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.8%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto a - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
        2. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto a - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
        3. metadata-eval63.1

          \[\leadsto a - 0.3333333333333333 \]
      4. Applied rewrites63.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

        \[\leadsto a \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites62.1%

          \[\leadsto a \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 9: 1.5% accurate, 68.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 -0.3333333333333333)
        double code(double a, double rand) {
        	return -0.3333333333333333;
        }
        
        module fmin_fmax_functions
            implicit none
            private
            public fmax
            public fmin
        
            interface fmax
                module procedure fmax88
                module procedure fmax44
                module procedure fmax84
                module procedure fmax48
            end interface
            interface fmin
                module procedure fmin88
                module procedure fmin44
                module procedure fmin84
                module procedure fmin48
            end interface
        contains
            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
        end module
        
        real(8) function code(a, rand)
        use fmin_fmax_functions
            real(8), intent (in) :: a
            real(8), intent (in) :: rand
            code = -0.3333333333333333d0
        end function
        
        public static double code(double a, double rand) {
        	return -0.3333333333333333;
        }
        
        def code(a, rand):
        	return -0.3333333333333333
        
        function code(a, rand)
        	return -0.3333333333333333
        end
        
        function tmp = code(a, rand)
        	tmp = -0.3333333333333333;
        end
        
        code[a_, rand_] := -0.3333333333333333
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        -0.3333333333333333
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
        2. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto a - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{3}} \]
          2. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto a - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}} \]
          3. metadata-eval63.1

            \[\leadsto a - 0.3333333333333333 \]
        4. Applied rewrites63.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{3} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites1.5%

            \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \]
          2. Add Preprocessing

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2025097 
          (FPCore (a rand)
            :name "Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg"
            :precision binary64
            (* (- a (/ 1.0 3.0)) (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))) rand))))