Diagrams.TwoD.Layout.CirclePacking:approxRadius from diagrams-contrib-1.3.0.5

Percentage Accurate: 43.6% → 56.6%
Time: 4.3s
Alternatives: 4
Speedup: 244.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ \frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0)))) (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
    code = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
	return math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
	return Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	tmp = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 4 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 43.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\ \frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ x (* y 2.0)))) (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = x / (y * 2.0d0)
    code = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	return Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0)
	return math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(x / Float64(y * 2.0))
	return Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = x / (y * 2.0);
	tmp = tan(t_0) / sin(t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x / N[(y * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\\
\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 56.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ y_m = \left|y\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x\_m}{y\_m \cdot 2} \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+174}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\pi + \frac{x\_m}{y\_m}\right)\right)}^{-1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
y_m = (fabs.f64 y)
(FPCore (x_m y_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ x_m (* y_m 2.0)) 2e+174)
   (pow (sin (* 0.5 (+ PI (/ x_m y_m)))) -1.0)
   1.0))
x_m = fabs(x);
y_m = fabs(y);
double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 2e+174) {
		tmp = pow(sin((0.5 * (((double) M_PI) + (x_m / y_m)))), -1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
x_m = Math.abs(x);
y_m = Math.abs(y);
public static double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 2e+174) {
		tmp = Math.pow(Math.sin((0.5 * (Math.PI + (x_m / y_m)))), -1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
x_m = math.fabs(x)
y_m = math.fabs(y)
def code(x_m, y_m):
	tmp = 0
	if (x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 2e+174:
		tmp = math.pow(math.sin((0.5 * (math.pi + (x_m / y_m)))), -1.0)
	else:
		tmp = 1.0
	return tmp
x_m = abs(x)
y_m = abs(y)
function code(x_m, y_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(x_m / Float64(y_m * 2.0)) <= 2e+174)
		tmp = sin(Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi + Float64(x_m / y_m)))) ^ -1.0;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
x_m = abs(x);
y_m = abs(y);
function tmp_2 = code(x_m, y_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 2e+174)
		tmp = sin((0.5 * (pi + (x_m / y_m)))) ^ -1.0;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
y_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$m_, y$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x$95$m / N[(y$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2e+174], N[Power[N[Sin[N[(0.5 * N[(Pi + N[(x$95$m / y$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision], 1.0]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
y_m = \left|y\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x\_m}{y\_m \cdot 2} \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+174}:\\
\;\;\;\;{\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\pi + \frac{x\_m}{y\_m}\right)\right)}^{-1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64))) < 2.00000000000000014e174

    1. Initial program 44.6%

      \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. inv-powN/A

        \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      2. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      3. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{-1} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      6. lower-/.f6460.3

        \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)}^{-1} \]
    5. Applied rewrites60.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)}^{-1}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      2. sin-+PI/2-revN/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      4. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      6. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x}{y}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      9. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x}{y}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      10. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x}{y}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      11. lower-PI.f6461.0

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x}{y}, 0.5, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
    7. Applied rewrites61.0%

      \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x}{y}, 0.5, \frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{-1} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. distribute-lft-outN/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      3. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      4. lift-PI.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\pi + \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      5. lift-/.f6461.0

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\pi + \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
    10. Applied rewrites61.0%

      \[\leadsto {\sin \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\pi + \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]

    if 2.00000000000000014e174 < (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))

    1. Initial program 8.3%

      \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites13.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 56.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ y_m = \left|y\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x\_m}{y\_m \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \leq 1.65:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x\_m} \cdot 0.5 - \frac{0.5}{y\_m}\right) \cdot x\_m\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
    y_m = (fabs.f64 y)
    (FPCore (x_m y_m)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (/ x_m (* y_m 2.0))))
       (if (<= (/ (tan t_0) (sin t_0)) 1.65)
         (/ 1.0 (sin (* (- (* (/ PI x_m) 0.5) (/ 0.5 y_m)) x_m)))
         1.0)))
    x_m = fabs(x);
    y_m = fabs(y);
    double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
    	double t_0 = x_m / (y_m * 2.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65) {
    		tmp = 1.0 / sin(((((((double) M_PI) / x_m) * 0.5) - (0.5 / y_m)) * x_m));
    	} else {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    x_m = Math.abs(x);
    y_m = Math.abs(y);
    public static double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
    	double t_0 = x_m / (y_m * 2.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if ((Math.tan(t_0) / Math.sin(t_0)) <= 1.65) {
    		tmp = 1.0 / Math.sin(((((Math.PI / x_m) * 0.5) - (0.5 / y_m)) * x_m));
    	} else {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    x_m = math.fabs(x)
    y_m = math.fabs(y)
    def code(x_m, y_m):
    	t_0 = x_m / (y_m * 2.0)
    	tmp = 0
    	if (math.tan(t_0) / math.sin(t_0)) <= 1.65:
    		tmp = 1.0 / math.sin(((((math.pi / x_m) * 0.5) - (0.5 / y_m)) * x_m))
    	else:
    		tmp = 1.0
    	return tmp
    
    x_m = abs(x)
    y_m = abs(y)
    function code(x_m, y_m)
    	t_0 = Float64(x_m / Float64(y_m * 2.0))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65)
    		tmp = Float64(1.0 / sin(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / x_m) * 0.5) - Float64(0.5 / y_m)) * x_m)));
    	else
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    x_m = abs(x);
    y_m = abs(y);
    function tmp_2 = code(x_m, y_m)
    	t_0 = x_m / (y_m * 2.0);
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if ((tan(t_0) / sin(t_0)) <= 1.65)
    		tmp = 1.0 / sin(((((pi / x_m) * 0.5) - (0.5 / y_m)) * x_m));
    	else
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
    y_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
    code[x$95$m_, y$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x$95$m / N[(y$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[Tan[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.65], N[(1.0 / N[Sin[N[(N[(N[(N[(Pi / x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 / y$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    x_m = \left|x\right|
    \\
    y_m = \left|y\right|
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \frac{x\_m}{y\_m \cdot 2}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\tan t\_0}{\sin t\_0} \leq 1.65:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x\_m} \cdot 0.5 - \frac{0.5}{y\_m}\right) \cdot x\_m\right)}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;1\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64))))) < 1.6499999999999999

      1. Initial program 60.5%

        \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. inv-powN/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
        2. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
        3. lower-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{-1} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        6. lower-/.f6460.4

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)}^{-1} \]
      5. Applied rewrites60.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)}^{-1}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        2. cos-neg-revN/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
        6. sin-+PI/2-revN/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        7. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        8. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        9. lower-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(-\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(-\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        11. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(-\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        12. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(-\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        13. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(-\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
        14. lower-PI.f6460.3

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(-\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right) + \frac{\pi}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      7. Applied rewrites60.3%

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(-\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right) + \frac{\pi}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{x} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
      9. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{x} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{x} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        3. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{x} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        6. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        7. lift-PI.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        8. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        9. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
        10. lower-/.f6460.7

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot 0.5 - \frac{0.5}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
      10. Applied rewrites60.7%

        \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot 0.5 - \frac{0.5}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{-1} \]
      11. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto {\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
        2. unpow-1N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
        3. lower-/.f6460.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot 0.5 - \frac{0.5}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
      12. Applied rewrites60.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\frac{\pi}{x} \cdot 0.5 - \frac{0.5}{y}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]

      if 1.6499999999999999 < (/.f64 (tan.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))))

      1. Initial program 4.1%

        \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites43.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
      5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 56.7% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ y_m = \left|y\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x\_m}{y\_m \cdot 2} \leq 3.38 \cdot 10^{+178}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{x\_m}{y\_m} \cdot 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
      y_m = (fabs.f64 y)
      (FPCore (x_m y_m)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= (/ x_m (* y_m 2.0)) 3.38e+178) (/ 1.0 (cos (* (/ x_m y_m) 0.5))) 1.0))
      x_m = fabs(x);
      y_m = fabs(y);
      double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 3.38e+178) {
      		tmp = 1.0 / cos(((x_m / y_m) * 0.5));
      	} else {
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      x_m =     private
      y_m =     private
      module fmin_fmax_functions
          implicit none
          private
          public fmax
          public fmin
      
          interface fmax
              module procedure fmax88
              module procedure fmax44
              module procedure fmax84
              module procedure fmax48
          end interface
          interface fmin
              module procedure fmin88
              module procedure fmin44
              module procedure fmin84
              module procedure fmin48
          end interface
      contains
          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
      end module
      
      real(8) function code(x_m, y_m)
      use fmin_fmax_functions
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_m
          real(8) :: tmp
          if ((x_m / (y_m * 2.0d0)) <= 3.38d+178) then
              tmp = 1.0d0 / cos(((x_m / y_m) * 0.5d0))
          else
              tmp = 1.0d0
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      x_m = Math.abs(x);
      y_m = Math.abs(y);
      public static double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 3.38e+178) {
      		tmp = 1.0 / Math.cos(((x_m / y_m) * 0.5));
      	} else {
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      x_m = math.fabs(x)
      y_m = math.fabs(y)
      def code(x_m, y_m):
      	tmp = 0
      	if (x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 3.38e+178:
      		tmp = 1.0 / math.cos(((x_m / y_m) * 0.5))
      	else:
      		tmp = 1.0
      	return tmp
      
      x_m = abs(x)
      y_m = abs(y)
      function code(x_m, y_m)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(x_m / Float64(y_m * 2.0)) <= 3.38e+178)
      		tmp = Float64(1.0 / cos(Float64(Float64(x_m / y_m) * 0.5)));
      	else
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      x_m = abs(x);
      y_m = abs(y);
      function tmp_2 = code(x_m, y_m)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if ((x_m / (y_m * 2.0)) <= 3.38e+178)
      		tmp = 1.0 / cos(((x_m / y_m) * 0.5));
      	else
      		tmp = 1.0;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
      y_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
      code[x$95$m_, y$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x$95$m / N[(y$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 3.38e+178], N[(1.0 / N[Cos[N[(N[(x$95$m / y$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      x_m = \left|x\right|
      \\
      y_m = \left|y\right|
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x\_m}{y\_m \cdot 2} \leq 3.38 \cdot 10^{+178}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{x\_m}{y\_m} \cdot 0.5\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64))) < 3.3799999999999999e178

        1. Initial program 44.4%

          \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. inv-powN/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
          2. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
          3. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)}^{-1} \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
          5. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
          6. lower-/.f6459.9

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)}^{-1} \]
        5. Applied rewrites59.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)}^{-1}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
          2. lift-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
          4. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto {\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
          5. unpow-1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
          6. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
          7. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
          8. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
          9. lift-cos.f6459.9

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)} \]
        7. Applied rewrites59.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\cos \left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot 0.5\right)}} \]

        if 3.3799999999999999e178 < (/.f64 x (*.f64 y #s(literal 2 binary64)))

        1. Initial program 7.8%

          \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites13.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 55.3% accurate, 244.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} x_m = \left|x\right| \\ y_m = \left|y\right| \\ 1 \end{array} \]
        x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
        y_m = (fabs.f64 y)
        (FPCore (x_m y_m) :precision binary64 1.0)
        x_m = fabs(x);
        y_m = fabs(y);
        double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
        	return 1.0;
        }
        
        x_m =     private
        y_m =     private
        module fmin_fmax_functions
            implicit none
            private
            public fmax
            public fmin
        
            interface fmax
                module procedure fmax88
                module procedure fmax44
                module procedure fmax84
                module procedure fmax48
            end interface
            interface fmin
                module procedure fmin88
                module procedure fmin44
                module procedure fmin84
                module procedure fmin48
            end interface
        contains
            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
            end function
        end module
        
        real(8) function code(x_m, y_m)
        use fmin_fmax_functions
            real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
            real(8), intent (in) :: y_m
            code = 1.0d0
        end function
        
        x_m = Math.abs(x);
        y_m = Math.abs(y);
        public static double code(double x_m, double y_m) {
        	return 1.0;
        }
        
        x_m = math.fabs(x)
        y_m = math.fabs(y)
        def code(x_m, y_m):
        	return 1.0
        
        x_m = abs(x)
        y_m = abs(y)
        function code(x_m, y_m)
        	return 1.0
        end
        
        x_m = abs(x);
        y_m = abs(y);
        function tmp = code(x_m, y_m)
        	tmp = 1.0;
        end
        
        x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
        y_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
        code[x$95$m_, y$95$m_] := 1.0
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        x_m = \left|x\right|
        \\
        y_m = \left|y\right|
        
        \\
        1
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 39.1%

          \[\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)}{\sin \left(\frac{x}{y \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites51.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2025085 
          (FPCore (x y)
            :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Layout.CirclePacking:approxRadius from diagrams-contrib-1.3.0.5"
            :precision binary64
          
            :alt
            (! :herbie-platform default (if (< y -1230369091130699400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) 1 (if (< y -4551426203405957/500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (/ (sin (/ x (* y 2))) (* (sin (/ x (* y 2))) (log (exp (cos (/ x (* y 2))))))) 1)))
          
            (/ (tan (/ x (* y 2.0))) (sin (/ x (* y 2.0)))))