b from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 0.1% → 42.8%
Time: 27.0s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 484.7×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 0.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + pow((((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_4 = ((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	double t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	double t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / Math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0);
	return -Math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - Math.sqrt((Math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + Math.pow((((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_4 = ((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a)
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / math.pow((x_45_scale * y_45_scale), 2.0)
	return -math.sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - math.sqrt((math.pow((t_4 - t_3), 2.0) + math.pow((((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale), 2.0)))))) / t_6
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_4 = Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	t_5 = Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(b * Float64(-a)))
	t_6 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * t_5) / (Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(-sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * Float64(Float64(t_4 + t_3) - sqrt(Float64((Float64(t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0))))))) / t_6)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_4 = ((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
	t_5 = (b * a) * (b * -a);
	t_6 = (4.0 * t_5) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) ^ 2.0);
	tmp = -sqrt((((2.0 * t_6) * t_5) * ((t_4 + t_3) - sqrt((((t_4 - t_3) ^ 2.0) + ((((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) ^ 2.0)))))) / t_6;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$5 = N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * (-a)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$6 = N[(N[(4.0 * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[((-N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(2.0 * t$95$6), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$4 + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(t$95$4 - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) / t$95$6), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 42.8% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := {\left(\cos t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_2, 4 \cdot t\_2\right)}{1 + -3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot {\left(angle \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (pow (* (cos t_0) t_1) 2.0)))
   (if (<= b_m 3.4e-119)
     (*
      0.25
      (*
       (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
       (sqrt
        (*
         (* b_m b_m)
         (-
          (pow t_1 2.0)
          (*
           0.5
           (/
            (fma -2.0 t_2 (* 4.0 t_2))
            (+ 1.0 (* -3.08641975308642e-5 (pow (* angle PI) 2.0))))))))))
     (* a_m x-scale_m))))
a_m = fabs(a);
b_m = fabs(b);
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = pow((cos(t_0) * t_1), 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (b_m <= 3.4e-119) {
		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(((b_m * b_m) * (pow(t_1, 2.0) - (0.5 * (fma(-2.0, t_2, (4.0 * t_2)) / (1.0 + (-3.08641975308642e-5 * pow((angle * ((double) M_PI)), 2.0)))))))));
	} else {
		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
b_m = abs(b)
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = Float64(cos(t_0) * t_1) ^ 2.0
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b_m <= 3.4e-119)
		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(b_m * b_m) * Float64((t_1 ^ 2.0) - Float64(0.5 * Float64(fma(-2.0, t_2, Float64(4.0 * t_2)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(-3.08641975308642e-5 * (Float64(angle * pi) ^ 2.0))))))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Power[N[(N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 3.4e-119], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b$95$m * b$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 * N[(N[(-2.0 * t$95$2 + N[(4.0 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(-3.08641975308642e-5 * N[Power[N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|
\\
b_m = \left|b\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := {\left(\cos t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_2, 4 \cdot t\_2\right)}{1 + -3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot {\left(angle \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 3.40000000000000024e-119

    1. Initial program 0.1%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y-scale around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites2.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}}\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{b}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites10.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. unpow-prod-downN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
        2. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      4. Applied rewrites28.3%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + \frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + \frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + \frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) \]
        3. pow-prod-downN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + \frac{-1}{32400} \cdot {\left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
        4. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + \frac{-1}{32400} \cdot {\left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + \frac{-1}{32400} \cdot {\left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
        6. lift-PI.f6427.3

          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + -3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot {\left(angle \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
      7. Applied rewrites27.3%

        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1 + -3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot {\left(angle \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]

      if 3.40000000000000024e-119 < b

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites27.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f6427.4

            \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
        4. Applied rewrites27.4%

          \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
      5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 42.8% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(1 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\right)}{{t\_2}^{2}}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
      b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
      x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
      (FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))
              (t_1 (sin t_0))
              (t_2 (cos t_0)))
         (if (<= b_m 3.4e-119)
           (*
            0.25
            (*
             (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
             (sqrt
              (*
               (* b_m b_m)
               (-
                (pow t_1 2.0)
                (*
                 0.5
                 (/
                  (fma -2.0 (pow (* 1.0 t_1) 2.0) (* 4.0 (pow (* t_2 t_1) 2.0)))
                  (pow t_2 2.0))))))))
           (* a_m x-scale_m))))
      a_m = fabs(a);
      b_m = fabs(b);
      x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
      double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
      	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
      	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
      	double tmp;
      	if (b_m <= 3.4e-119) {
      		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(((b_m * b_m) * (pow(t_1, 2.0) - (0.5 * (fma(-2.0, pow((1.0 * t_1), 2.0), (4.0 * pow((t_2 * t_1), 2.0))) / pow(t_2, 2.0)))))));
      	} else {
      		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      a_m = abs(a)
      b_m = abs(b)
      x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
      function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
      	t_1 = sin(t_0)
      	t_2 = cos(t_0)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (b_m <= 3.4e-119)
      		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(b_m * b_m) * Float64((t_1 ^ 2.0) - Float64(0.5 * Float64(fma(-2.0, (Float64(1.0 * t_1) ^ 2.0), Float64(4.0 * (Float64(t_2 * t_1) ^ 2.0))) / (t_2 ^ 2.0))))))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
      b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
      x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
      code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 3.4e-119], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b$95$m * b$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 * N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Power[N[(1.0 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Power[N[(t$95$2 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[t$95$2, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      a_m = \left|a\right|
      \\
      b_m = \left|b\right|
      \\
      x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\
      t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
      t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
      \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\
      \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(1 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\right)}{{t\_2}^{2}}\right)}\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if b < 3.40000000000000024e-119

        1. Initial program 0.1%

          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in y-scale around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}\right)} \]
        4. Applied rewrites2.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}}\right)} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{b}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites10.0%

            \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
          2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. unpow-prod-downN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
            2. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
          4. Applied rewrites28.3%

            \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(1 \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites27.2%

              \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(1 \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]

            if 3.40000000000000024e-119 < b

            1. Initial program 0.0%

              \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites27.4%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f6427.4

                  \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
              4. Applied rewrites27.4%

                \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
            5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 42.8% accurate, 3.1× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := {\left(\cos t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_2, 4 \cdot t\_2\right)}{1}\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
            b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
            x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
            (FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* angle PI)))
                    (t_1 (sin t_0))
                    (t_2 (pow (* (cos t_0) t_1) 2.0)))
               (if (<= b_m 3.4e-119)
                 (*
                  0.25
                  (*
                   (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
                   (sqrt
                    (*
                     (* b_m b_m)
                     (- (pow t_1 2.0) (* 0.5 (/ (fma -2.0 t_2 (* 4.0 t_2)) 1.0)))))))
                 (* a_m x-scale_m))))
            a_m = fabs(a);
            b_m = fabs(b);
            x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
            double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = 0.005555555555555556 * (angle * ((double) M_PI));
            	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
            	double t_2 = pow((cos(t_0) * t_1), 2.0);
            	double tmp;
            	if (b_m <= 3.4e-119) {
            		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(((b_m * b_m) * (pow(t_1, 2.0) - (0.5 * (fma(-2.0, t_2, (4.0 * t_2)) / 1.0))))));
            	} else {
            		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            a_m = abs(a)
            b_m = abs(b)
            x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
            function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = Float64(0.005555555555555556 * Float64(angle * pi))
            	t_1 = sin(t_0)
            	t_2 = Float64(cos(t_0) * t_1) ^ 2.0
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (b_m <= 3.4e-119)
            		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(b_m * b_m) * Float64((t_1 ^ 2.0) - Float64(0.5 * Float64(fma(-2.0, t_2, Float64(4.0 * t_2)) / 1.0)))))));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
            b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
            x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
            code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(0.005555555555555556 * N[(angle * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Power[N[(N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 3.4e-119], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b$95$m * b$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[t$95$1, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 * N[(N[(-2.0 * t$95$2 + N[(4.0 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            a_m = \left|a\right|
            \\
            b_m = \left|b\right|
            \\
            x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\\
            t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
            t_2 := {\left(\cos t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}\\
            \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\
            \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left({t\_1}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, t\_2, 4 \cdot t\_2\right)}{1}\right)}\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if b < 3.40000000000000024e-119

              1. Initial program 0.1%

                \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in y-scale around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}\right)} \]
              4. Applied rewrites2.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}}\right)} \]
              5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{b}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites10.0%

                  \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
                2. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. unpow-prod-downN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
                  2. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
                4. Applied rewrites28.3%

                  \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
                5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1}\right)}\right) \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites27.2%

                    \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, 4 \cdot {\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{1}\right)}\right) \]

                  if 3.40000000000000024e-119 < b

                  1. Initial program 0.0%

                    \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites27.4%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lower-*.f6427.4

                        \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
                    4. Applied rewrites27.4%

                      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                  5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  6. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 4: 39.0% accurate, 28.8× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-6.17283950617284 \cdot 10^{-5}, \pi \cdot \pi, 0.0001234567901234568 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                  b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
                  x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                  (FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                   :precision binary64
                   (if (<= b_m 9.5e-119)
                     (*
                      0.25
                      (*
                       (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0))
                       (sqrt
                        (*
                         (* b_m b_m)
                         (*
                          (* angle angle)
                          (-
                           (* 3.08641975308642e-5 (* PI PI))
                           (*
                            0.5
                            (fma
                             -6.17283950617284e-5
                             (* PI PI)
                             (* 0.0001234567901234568 (* PI PI))))))))))
                     (* a_m x-scale_m)))
                  a_m = fabs(a);
                  b_m = fabs(b);
                  x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                  double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (b_m <= 9.5e-119) {
                  		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(((b_m * b_m) * ((angle * angle) * ((3.08641975308642e-5 * (((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI))) - (0.5 * fma(-6.17283950617284e-5, (((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI)), (0.0001234567901234568 * (((double) M_PI) * ((double) M_PI))))))))));
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  a_m = abs(a)
                  b_m = abs(b)
                  x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                  function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (b_m <= 9.5e-119)
                  		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(b_m * b_m) * Float64(Float64(angle * angle) * Float64(Float64(3.08641975308642e-5 * Float64(pi * pi)) - Float64(0.5 * fma(-6.17283950617284e-5, Float64(pi * pi), Float64(0.0001234567901234568 * Float64(pi * pi))))))))));
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                  b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
                  x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                  code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$m, 9.5e-119], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b$95$m * b$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(angle * angle), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(3.08641975308642e-5 * N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.5 * N[(-6.17283950617284e-5 * N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.0001234567901234568 * N[(Pi * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  a_m = \left|a\right|
                  \\
                  b_m = \left|b\right|
                  \\
                  x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  \mathbf{if}\;b\_m \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-119}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b\_m \cdot b\_m\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-6.17283950617284 \cdot 10^{-5}, \pi \cdot \pi, 0.0001234567901234568 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right)\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if b < 9.5000000000000002e-119

                    1. Initial program 0.1%

                      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in y-scale around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}\right)} \]
                    4. Applied rewrites2.1%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}}\right)} \]
                    5. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{b}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites10.0%

                        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\left(\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)}\right) \]
                      2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{16200} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{16200} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        2. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{16200} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{16200} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        4. lower--.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({x-scale}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{16200} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      4. Applied rewrites6.4%

                        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - 0.5 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-6.17283950617284 \cdot 10^{-5}, \frac{\pi \cdot \pi}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 0.0001234567901234568 \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot \pi}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      5. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{16200} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}, \frac{1}{8100} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        2. pow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{1}{8100} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        3. lift-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{1}{8100} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        4. lift-PI.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \pi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{1}{8100} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        5. lift-PI.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \pi \cdot \pi, \frac{1}{8100} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \pi \cdot \pi, \frac{1}{8100} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        7. pow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \pi \cdot \pi, \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        8. lift-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \pi \cdot \pi, \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        9. lift-PI.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{16200}, \pi \cdot \pi, \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        10. lift-PI.f6422.0

                          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-6.17283950617284 \cdot 10^{-5}, \pi \cdot \pi, 0.0001234567901234568 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      7. Applied rewrites22.0%

                        \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) - 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-6.17283950617284 \cdot 10^{-5}, \pi \cdot \pi, 0.0001234567901234568 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]

                      if 9.5000000000000002e-119 < b

                      1. Initial program 0.0%

                        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites27.4%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                          \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-*.f6427.4

                            \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
                        4. Applied rewrites27.4%

                          \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                      5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      6. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 5: 32.8% accurate, 55.9× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-124}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right)}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                      b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
                      x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                      (FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                       :precision binary64
                       (if (<= y-scale 5.5e-124)
                         (* 0.25 (* (* x-scale_m (sqrt 8.0)) (sqrt (* 2.0 (* a_m a_m)))))
                         (* a_m x-scale_m)))
                      a_m = fabs(a);
                      b_m = fabs(b);
                      x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                      double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (y_45_scale <= 5.5e-124) {
                      		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt((2.0 * (a_m * a_m))));
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      a_m =     private
                      b_m =     private
                      x-scale_m =     private
                      module fmin_fmax_functions
                          implicit none
                          private
                          public fmax
                          public fmin
                      
                          interface fmax
                              module procedure fmax88
                              module procedure fmax44
                              module procedure fmax84
                              module procedure fmax48
                          end interface
                          interface fmin
                              module procedure fmin88
                              module procedure fmin44
                              module procedure fmin84
                              module procedure fmin48
                          end interface
                      contains
                          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                      end module
                      
                      real(8) function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                      use fmin_fmax_functions
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                          real(8), intent (in) :: b_m
                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                          real(8) :: tmp
                          if (y_45scale <= 5.5d-124) then
                              tmp = 0.25d0 * ((x_45scale_m * sqrt(8.0d0)) * sqrt((2.0d0 * (a_m * a_m))))
                          else
                              tmp = a_m * x_45scale_m
                          end if
                          code = tmp
                      end function
                      
                      a_m = Math.abs(a);
                      b_m = Math.abs(b);
                      x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                      public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (y_45_scale <= 5.5e-124) {
                      		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * Math.sqrt(8.0)) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (a_m * a_m))));
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      a_m = math.fabs(a)
                      b_m = math.fabs(b)
                      x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                      def code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                      	tmp = 0
                      	if y_45_scale <= 5.5e-124:
                      		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * math.sqrt(8.0)) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (a_m * a_m))))
                      	else:
                      		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m
                      	return tmp
                      
                      a_m = abs(a)
                      b_m = abs(b)
                      x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                      function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (y_45_scale <= 5.5e-124)
                      		tmp = Float64(0.25 * Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(a_m * a_m)))));
                      	else
                      		tmp = Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m);
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      a_m = abs(a);
                      b_m = abs(b);
                      x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                      function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                      	tmp = 0.0;
                      	if (y_45_scale <= 5.5e-124)
                      		tmp = 0.25 * ((x_45_scale_m * sqrt(8.0)) * sqrt((2.0 * (a_m * a_m))));
                      	else
                      		tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
                      	end
                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                      end
                      
                      a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                      b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
                      x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                      code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 5.5e-124], N[(0.25 * N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(a$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      a_m = \left|a\right|
                      \\
                      b_m = \left|b\right|
                      \\
                      x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-124}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale\_m \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right)}\right)\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                      2. if y-scale < 5.50000000000000016e-124

                        1. Initial program 0.1%

                          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in y-scale around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}}}\right)} \]
                        4. Applied rewrites2.0%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2, \left({\left(a \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}, 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}}\right)} \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{a}^{2} - -1 \cdot {a}^{2}}\right) \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower--.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{{a}^{2} - -1 \cdot {a}^{2}}\right) \]
                          2. pow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot a - -1 \cdot {a}^{2}}\right) \]
                          3. lift-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot a - -1 \cdot {a}^{2}}\right) \]
                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot a - -1 \cdot {a}^{2}}\right) \]
                          5. pow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot a - -1 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \]
                          6. lift-*.f6426.0

                            \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot a - -1 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \]
                        7. Applied rewrites26.0%

                          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot a - -1 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \]
                        8. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot {a}^{2}}\right) \]
                        9. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot {a}^{2}}\right) \]
                          2. pow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \]
                          3. lift-*.f6426.0

                            \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \]
                        10. Applied rewrites26.0%

                          \[\leadsto 0.25 \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \]

                        if 5.50000000000000016e-124 < y-scale

                        1. Initial program 0.1%

                          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites28.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                            \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-*.f6428.6

                              \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
                          4. Applied rewrites28.6%

                            \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        6. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 6: 32.6% accurate, 484.7× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ b_m = \left|b\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m \end{array} \]
                        a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                        b_m = (fabs.f64 b)
                        x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                        (FPCore (a_m b_m angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                         :precision binary64
                         (* a_m x-scale_m))
                        a_m = fabs(a);
                        b_m = fabs(b);
                        x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                        double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                        	return a_m * x_45_scale_m;
                        }
                        
                        a_m =     private
                        b_m =     private
                        x-scale_m =     private
                        module fmin_fmax_functions
                            implicit none
                            private
                            public fmax
                            public fmin
                        
                            interface fmax
                                module procedure fmax88
                                module procedure fmax44
                                module procedure fmax84
                                module procedure fmax48
                            end interface
                            interface fmin
                                module procedure fmin88
                                module procedure fmin44
                                module procedure fmin84
                                module procedure fmin48
                            end interface
                        contains
                            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                        end module
                        
                        real(8) function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                        use fmin_fmax_functions
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b_m
                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                            code = a_m * x_45scale_m
                        end function
                        
                        a_m = Math.abs(a);
                        b_m = Math.abs(b);
                        x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                        public static double code(double a_m, double b_m, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                        	return a_m * x_45_scale_m;
                        }
                        
                        a_m = math.fabs(a)
                        b_m = math.fabs(b)
                        x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                        def code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                        	return a_m * x_45_scale_m
                        
                        a_m = abs(a)
                        b_m = abs(b)
                        x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                        function code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                        	return Float64(a_m * x_45_scale_m)
                        end
                        
                        a_m = abs(a);
                        b_m = abs(b);
                        x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                        function tmp = code(a_m, b_m, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                        	tmp = a_m * x_45_scale_m;
                        end
                        
                        a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                        b_m = N[Abs[b], $MachinePrecision]
                        x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                        code[a$95$m_, b$95$m_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := N[(a$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        a_m = \left|a\right|
                        \\
                        b_m = \left|b\right|
                        \\
                        x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                        
                        \\
                        a\_m \cdot x-scale\_m
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 0.1%

                          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites21.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.25 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot 4\right)\right)} \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                            \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-*.f6421.6

                              \[\leadsto a \cdot x-scale \]
                          4. Applied rewrites21.6%

                            \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                          5. Add Preprocessing

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2025083 
                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                            :name "b from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                            :precision binary64
                            (/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (- (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))