
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (fma (/ 0.25 (* (* 2.0 PI) s)) (/ (exp (/ (* -1.0 r) s)) r) (* (/ 0.75 (* (* 6.0 PI) s)) (/ (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s))) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return fmaf((0.25f / ((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s)), (expf(((-1.0f * r) / s)) / r), ((0.75f / ((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s)) * (expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s))) / r)));
}
function code(s, r) return fma(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s)), Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) * r) / s)) / r), Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) / Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s)) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s))) / r))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.25}{\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s}, \frac{e^{\frac{-1 \cdot r}{s}}}{r}, \frac{0.75}{\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s} \cdot \frac{e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{r}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-/.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-exp.f32N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (/ (* (pow (exp -1.0) (/ r s)) 0.25) (* (* PI 2.0) s)) r) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (* -1.0 (/ r (* 3.0 s))))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (((powf(expf(-1.0f), (r / s)) * 0.25f) / ((((float) M_PI) * 2.0f) * s)) / r) + ((0.75f * expf((-1.0f * (r / (3.0f * s))))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32((exp(Float32(-1.0)) ^ Float32(r / s)) * Float32(0.25)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0)) * s)) / r) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-1.0) * Float32(r / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s))))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((((exp(single(-1.0)) ^ (r / s)) * single(0.25)) / ((single(pi) * single(2.0)) * s)) / r) + ((single(0.75) * exp((single(-1.0) * (r / (single(3.0) * s))))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{{\left(e^{-1}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\pi \cdot 2\right) \cdot s}}{r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{-1 \cdot \frac{r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-exp.f32N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (* -1.0 r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf(((-1.0f * r) / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) * r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp(((single(-1.0) * r) / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-1 \cdot r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-/.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (* -1.0 r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (* (/ (pow (exp -0.3333333333333333) (/ r s)) (* (* PI s) r)) 0.125)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf(((-1.0f * r) / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((powf(expf(-0.3333333333333333f), (r / s)) / ((((float) M_PI) * s) * r)) * 0.125f);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) * r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32((exp(Float32(-0.3333333333333333)) ^ Float32(r / s)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * s) * r)) * Float32(0.125))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp(((single(-1.0) * r) / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + (((exp(single(-0.3333333333333333)) ^ (r / s)) / ((single(pi) * s) * r)) * single(0.125)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-1 \cdot r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{{\left(e^{-0.3333333333333333}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)}}{\left(\pi \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \cdot 0.125
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
exp-prodN/A
lower-pow.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3299.3
Applied rewrites99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(*
12.0
(*
(/ (* s s) r)
(/
(*
(* PI PI)
(-
(* 0.015625 (/ (exp (* (/ (* -1.0 r) s) 2.0)) (pow (* s PI) 2.0)))
(*
0.015625
(/
1.0
(* (* s s) (* (* PI PI) (pow (exp 0.6666666666666666) (/ r s))))))))
(-
(* 1.5 (* s (* PI (pow (exp -1.0) (/ r s)))))
(* 1.5 (/ (* s PI) (pow (exp 0.3333333333333333) (/ r s)))))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 12.0f * (((s * s) / r) * (((((float) M_PI) * ((float) M_PI)) * ((0.015625f * (expf((((-1.0f * r) / s) * 2.0f)) / powf((s * ((float) M_PI)), 2.0f))) - (0.015625f * (1.0f / ((s * s) * ((((float) M_PI) * ((float) M_PI)) * powf(expf(0.6666666666666666f), (r / s)))))))) / ((1.5f * (s * (((float) M_PI) * powf(expf(-1.0f), (r / s))))) - (1.5f * ((s * ((float) M_PI)) / powf(expf(0.3333333333333333f), (r / s)))))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(12.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(s * s) / r) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.015625) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) * r) / s) * Float32(2.0))) / (Float32(s * Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(2.0)))) - Float32(Float32(0.015625) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(s * s) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(pi)) * (exp(Float32(0.6666666666666666)) ^ Float32(r / s)))))))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.5) * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * (exp(Float32(-1.0)) ^ Float32(r / s))))) - Float32(Float32(1.5) * Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) / (exp(Float32(0.3333333333333333)) ^ Float32(r / s)))))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(12.0) * (((s * s) / r) * (((single(pi) * single(pi)) * ((single(0.015625) * (exp((((single(-1.0) * r) / s) * single(2.0))) / ((s * single(pi)) ^ single(2.0)))) - (single(0.015625) * (single(1.0) / ((s * s) * ((single(pi) * single(pi)) * (exp(single(0.6666666666666666)) ^ (r / s)))))))) / ((single(1.5) * (s * (single(pi) * (exp(single(-1.0)) ^ (r / s))))) - (single(1.5) * ((s * single(pi)) / (exp(single(0.3333333333333333)) ^ (r / s))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
12 \cdot \left(\frac{s \cdot s}{r} \cdot \frac{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(0.015625 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-1 \cdot r}{s} \cdot 2}}{{\left(s \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}} - 0.015625 \cdot \frac{1}{\left(s \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot {\left(e^{0.6666666666666666}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)}\right)}\right)}{1.5 \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot {\left(e^{-1}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)}\right)\right) - 1.5 \cdot \frac{s \cdot \pi}{{\left(e^{0.3333333333333333}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites9.8%
Taylor expanded in r around inf
Applied rewrites10.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
exp-prodN/A
lower-pow.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
lift-/.f3210.1
Applied rewrites10.1%
Final simplification10.1%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(*
12.0
(*
(/ (exp (* (log s) 2.0)) r)
(/
(*
(* PI PI)
(-
(* 0.015625 (/ (exp (* (/ (* -1.0 r) s) 2.0)) (pow (* s PI) 2.0)))
(*
0.015625
(/
1.0
(* (* s s) (* (* PI PI) (pow (exp 0.6666666666666666) (/ r s))))))))
(-
(* 1.5 (* s (* PI (pow (exp -1.0) (/ r s)))))
(* 1.5 (/ (* s PI) (pow (exp 0.3333333333333333) (/ r s)))))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 12.0f * ((expf((logf(s) * 2.0f)) / r) * (((((float) M_PI) * ((float) M_PI)) * ((0.015625f * (expf((((-1.0f * r) / s) * 2.0f)) / powf((s * ((float) M_PI)), 2.0f))) - (0.015625f * (1.0f / ((s * s) * ((((float) M_PI) * ((float) M_PI)) * powf(expf(0.6666666666666666f), (r / s)))))))) / ((1.5f * (s * (((float) M_PI) * powf(expf(-1.0f), (r / s))))) - (1.5f * ((s * ((float) M_PI)) / powf(expf(0.3333333333333333f), (r / s)))))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(12.0) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(log(s) * Float32(2.0))) / r) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.015625) * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) * r) / s) * Float32(2.0))) / (Float32(s * Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(2.0)))) - Float32(Float32(0.015625) * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(s * s) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(pi)) * (exp(Float32(0.6666666666666666)) ^ Float32(r / s)))))))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.5) * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * (exp(Float32(-1.0)) ^ Float32(r / s))))) - Float32(Float32(1.5) * Float32(Float32(s * Float32(pi)) / (exp(Float32(0.3333333333333333)) ^ Float32(r / s)))))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(12.0) * ((exp((log(s) * single(2.0))) / r) * (((single(pi) * single(pi)) * ((single(0.015625) * (exp((((single(-1.0) * r) / s) * single(2.0))) / ((s * single(pi)) ^ single(2.0)))) - (single(0.015625) * (single(1.0) / ((s * s) * ((single(pi) * single(pi)) * (exp(single(0.6666666666666666)) ^ (r / s)))))))) / ((single(1.5) * (s * (single(pi) * (exp(single(-1.0)) ^ (r / s))))) - (single(1.5) * ((s * single(pi)) / (exp(single(0.3333333333333333)) ^ (r / s))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
12 \cdot \left(\frac{e^{\log s \cdot 2}}{r} \cdot \frac{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(0.015625 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-1 \cdot r}{s} \cdot 2}}{{\left(s \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}} - 0.015625 \cdot \frac{1}{\left(s \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot {\left(e^{0.6666666666666666}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)}\right)}\right)}{1.5 \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot {\left(e^{-1}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)}\right)\right) - 1.5 \cdot \frac{s \cdot \pi}{{\left(e^{0.3333333333333333}\right)}^{\left(\frac{r}{s}\right)}}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites9.8%
Taylor expanded in r around inf
Applied rewrites10.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
exp-prodN/A
lower-pow.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
lift-/.f3210.1
Applied rewrites10.1%
lift-*.f32N/A
pow2N/A
pow-to-expN/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-log.f3210.0
Applied rewrites10.0%
Final simplification10.0%
herbie shell --seed 2025066
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))