
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))))) (if (>= b 0.0) (/ (* 2.0 c) (- (- b) t_0)) (/ (+ (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
double tmp;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0);
} else {
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
implicit none
private
public fmax
public fmin
interface fmax
module procedure fmax88
module procedure fmax44
module procedure fmax84
module procedure fmax48
end interface
interface fmin
module procedure fmin88
module procedure fmin44
module procedure fmin84
module procedure fmin48
end interface
contains
real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
end module
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
use fmin_fmax_functions
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))
if (b >= 0.0d0) then
tmp = (2.0d0 * c) / (-b - t_0)
else
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
double tmp;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0);
} else {
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) tmp = 0 if b >= 0.0: tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0) else: tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a) return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) tmp = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * c) / Float64(Float64(-b) - t_0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))); tmp = 0.0; if (b >= 0.0) tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0); else tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-b) - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[((-b) + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) - t\_0}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + t\_0}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))))) (if (>= b 0.0) (/ (* 2.0 c) (- (- b) t_0)) (/ (+ (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
double tmp;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0);
} else {
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
implicit none
private
public fmax
public fmin
interface fmax
module procedure fmax88
module procedure fmax44
module procedure fmax84
module procedure fmax48
end interface
interface fmin
module procedure fmin88
module procedure fmin44
module procedure fmin84
module procedure fmin48
end interface
contains
real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(4), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
end function
end module
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
use fmin_fmax_functions
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))
if (b >= 0.0d0) then
tmp = (2.0d0 * c) / (-b - t_0)
else
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
double tmp;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0);
} else {
tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) tmp = 0 if b >= 0.0: tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0) else: tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a) return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) tmp = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * c) / Float64(Float64(-b) - t_0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))); tmp = 0.0; if (b >= 0.0) tmp = (2.0 * c) / (-b - t_0); else tmp = (-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-b) - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[((-b) + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\left(-b\right) - t\_0}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + t\_0}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* -1.0 (* 2.0 c))) (t_1 (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))))
(if (<= b -2e+153)
(if (>= b 0.0) (/ t_0 (+ b b)) (/ (+ (* -1.0 b) (* -1.0 b)) (* 2.0 a)))
(if (<= b 2.5e+121)
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ t_0 (+ b t_1))
(+
(* -1.0 (/ b (* a 2.0)))
(/
(pow (fma (pow b 1.0) (pow b 1.0) (* -4.0 (* a c))) 0.5)
(* a 2.0))))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* 2.0 c) (- (* -1.0 b) (fma (* a (/ c b)) -2.0 b)))
(/ (+ (* -1.0 b) t_1) (* 2.0 a)))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = -1.0 * (2.0 * c);
double t_1 = sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)));
double tmp_1;
if (b <= -2e+153) {
double tmp_2;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_2 = t_0 / (b + b);
} else {
tmp_2 = ((-1.0 * b) + (-1.0 * b)) / (2.0 * a);
}
tmp_1 = tmp_2;
} else if (b <= 2.5e+121) {
double tmp_3;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_3 = t_0 / (b + t_1);
} else {
tmp_3 = (-1.0 * (b / (a * 2.0))) + (pow(fma(pow(b, 1.0), pow(b, 1.0), (-4.0 * (a * c))), 0.5) / (a * 2.0));
}
tmp_1 = tmp_3;
} else if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_1 = (2.0 * c) / ((-1.0 * b) - fma((a * (c / b)), -2.0, b));
} else {
tmp_1 = ((-1.0 * b) + t_1) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp_1;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(-1.0 * Float64(2.0 * c)) t_1 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) tmp_1 = 0.0 if (b <= -2e+153) tmp_2 = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp_2 = Float64(t_0 / Float64(b + b)); else tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) + Float64(-1.0 * b)) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end tmp_1 = tmp_2; elseif (b <= 2.5e+121) tmp_3 = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp_3 = Float64(t_0 / Float64(b + t_1)); else tmp_3 = Float64(Float64(-1.0 * Float64(b / Float64(a * 2.0))) + Float64((fma((b ^ 1.0), (b ^ 1.0), Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c))) ^ 0.5) / Float64(a * 2.0))); end tmp_1 = tmp_3; elseif (b >= 0.0) tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(2.0 * c) / Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) - fma(Float64(a * Float64(c / b)), -2.0, b))); else tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) + t_1) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end return tmp_1 end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-1.0 * N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, -2e+153], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(t$95$0 / N[(b + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], If[LessEqual[b, 2.5e+121], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(t$95$0 / N[(b + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-1.0 * N[(b / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[N[(N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0 + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := -1 \cdot \left(2 \cdot c\right)\\
t_1 := \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\
\;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t\_0}{b + b}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot b + -1 \cdot b}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+121}:\\
\;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t\_0}{b + t\_1}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a \cdot 2} + \frac{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{1}, {b}^{1}, -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}^{0.5}}{a \cdot 2}\\
\end{array}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{-1 \cdot b - \mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{b}, -2, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot b + t\_1}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -2e153Initial program 39.1%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf
lower-*.f6498.3
Applied rewrites98.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites98.3%
if -2e153 < b < 2.50000000000000004e121Initial program 84.3%
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-neg.f64N/A
lift-+.f64N/A
lift-sqrt.f64N/A
lift--.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
div-addN/A
lower-+.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
mul-1-negN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites84.3%
if 2.50000000000000004e121 < b Initial program 65.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
+-commutativeN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
associate-/l*N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-/.f6498.3
Applied rewrites98.3%
Final simplification89.4%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma (pow b 1.0) (pow b 1.0) (* -4.0 (* a c)))))
(if (<= b -2e+153)
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* -1.0 (* 2.0 c)) (+ b b))
(/ (+ (* -1.0 b) (* -1.0 b)) (* 2.0 a)))
(if (<= b 2.5e+121)
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* -2.0 c) (fma (pow t_0 -0.5) (pow t_0 1.0) b))
(* (/ (- (pow t_0 0.5) b) a) 0.5))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* 2.0 c) (- (* -1.0 b) (fma (* a (/ c b)) -2.0 b)))
(/ (+ (* -1.0 b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(pow(b, 1.0), pow(b, 1.0), (-4.0 * (a * c)));
double tmp_1;
if (b <= -2e+153) {
double tmp_2;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_2 = (-1.0 * (2.0 * c)) / (b + b);
} else {
tmp_2 = ((-1.0 * b) + (-1.0 * b)) / (2.0 * a);
}
tmp_1 = tmp_2;
} else if (b <= 2.5e+121) {
double tmp_3;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_3 = (-2.0 * c) / fma(pow(t_0, -0.5), pow(t_0, 1.0), b);
} else {
tmp_3 = ((pow(t_0, 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5;
}
tmp_1 = tmp_3;
} else if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_1 = (2.0 * c) / ((-1.0 * b) - fma((a * (c / b)), -2.0, b));
} else {
tmp_1 = ((-1.0 * b) + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp_1;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma((b ^ 1.0), (b ^ 1.0), Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c))) tmp_1 = 0.0 if (b <= -2e+153) tmp_2 = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(-1.0 * Float64(2.0 * c)) / Float64(b + b)); else tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) + Float64(-1.0 * b)) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end tmp_1 = tmp_2; elseif (b <= 2.5e+121) tmp_3 = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp_3 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * c) / fma((t_0 ^ -0.5), (t_0 ^ 1.0), b)); else tmp_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64((t_0 ^ 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5); end tmp_1 = tmp_3; elseif (b >= 0.0) tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(2.0 * c) / Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) - fma(Float64(a * Float64(c / b)), -2.0, b))); else tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end return tmp_1 end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, -2e+153], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-1.0 * N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], If[LessEqual[b, 2.5e+121], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$0, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 0.5], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0 + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{1}, {b}^{1}, -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\
\;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot \left(2 \cdot c\right)}{b + b}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot b + -1 \cdot b}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+121}:\\
\;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2 \cdot c}{\mathsf{fma}\left({t\_0}^{-0.5}, {t\_0}^{1}, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_0}^{0.5} - b}{a} \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{-1 \cdot b - \mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{b}, -2, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -2e153Initial program 39.1%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf
lower-*.f6498.3
Applied rewrites98.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites98.3%
if -2e153 < b < 2.50000000000000004e121Initial program 84.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites83.6%
if 2.50000000000000004e121 < b Initial program 65.2%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
+-commutativeN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
associate-/l*N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-/.f6498.3
Applied rewrites98.3%
Final simplification89.0%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma (pow b 1.0) (pow b 1.0) (* -4.0 (* a c)))))
(if (or (<= b -2e+153) (not (<= b 2.5e+121)))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* -1.0 (* 2.0 c)) (+ b b))
(/ (+ (* -1.0 b) (* -1.0 b)) (* 2.0 a)))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* -2.0 c) (fma (pow t_0 -0.5) (pow t_0 1.0) b))
(* (/ (- (pow t_0 0.5) b) a) 0.5)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(pow(b, 1.0), pow(b, 1.0), (-4.0 * (a * c)));
double tmp_1;
if ((b <= -2e+153) || !(b <= 2.5e+121)) {
double tmp_2;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_2 = (-1.0 * (2.0 * c)) / (b + b);
} else {
tmp_2 = ((-1.0 * b) + (-1.0 * b)) / (2.0 * a);
}
tmp_1 = tmp_2;
} else if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_1 = (-2.0 * c) / fma(pow(t_0, -0.5), pow(t_0, 1.0), b);
} else {
tmp_1 = ((pow(t_0, 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5;
}
return tmp_1;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma((b ^ 1.0), (b ^ 1.0), Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c))) tmp_1 = 0.0 if ((b <= -2e+153) || !(b <= 2.5e+121)) tmp_2 = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(-1.0 * Float64(2.0 * c)) / Float64(b + b)); else tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) + Float64(-1.0 * b)) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end tmp_1 = tmp_2; elseif (b >= 0.0) tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * c) / fma((t_0 ^ -0.5), (t_0 ^ 1.0), b)); else tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64((t_0 ^ 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5); end return tmp_1 end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[b, -2e+153], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 2.5e+121]], $MachinePrecision]], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-1.0 * N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$0, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 0.5], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{1}, {b}^{1}, -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+153} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+121}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot \left(2 \cdot c\right)}{b + b}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot b + -1 \cdot b}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2 \cdot c}{\mathsf{fma}\left({t\_0}^{-0.5}, {t\_0}^{1}, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_0}^{0.5} - b}{a} \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -2e153 or 2.50000000000000004e121 < b Initial program 54.3%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf
lower-*.f6479.1
Applied rewrites79.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites98.3%
if -2e153 < b < 2.50000000000000004e121Initial program 84.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites83.6%
Final simplification89.0%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma (pow b 1.0) (pow b 1.0) (* -4.0 (* a c)))))
(if (<= b 3.4e+124)
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* -2.0 c) (fma (pow t_0 -0.5) (pow t_0 1.0) b))
(* (/ (- (pow t_0 0.5) b) a) 0.5))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(* (/ 1.0 (* -1.0 b)) c)
(/ (+ (* -1.0 b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(pow(b, 1.0), pow(b, 1.0), (-4.0 * (a * c)));
double tmp_1;
if (b <= 3.4e+124) {
double tmp_2;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_2 = (-2.0 * c) / fma(pow(t_0, -0.5), pow(t_0, 1.0), b);
} else {
tmp_2 = ((pow(t_0, 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5;
}
tmp_1 = tmp_2;
} else if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_1 = (1.0 / (-1.0 * b)) * c;
} else {
tmp_1 = ((-1.0 * b) + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp_1;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma((b ^ 1.0), (b ^ 1.0), Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c))) tmp_1 = 0.0 if (b <= 3.4e+124) tmp_2 = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * c) / fma((t_0 ^ -0.5), (t_0 ^ 1.0), b)); else tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64((t_0 ^ 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5); end tmp_1 = tmp_2; elseif (b >= 0.0) tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(-1.0 * b)) * c); else tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0 * b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end return tmp_1 end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 3.4e+124], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$0, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 0.5], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(1.0 / N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-1.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{1}, {b}^{1}, -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{+124}:\\
\;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2 \cdot c}{\mathsf{fma}\left({t\_0}^{-0.5}, {t\_0}^{1}, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_0}^{0.5} - b}{a} \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{-1 \cdot b} \cdot c\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1 \cdot b + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < 3.4e124Initial program 75.9%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites75.4%
if 3.4e124 < b Initial program 63.2%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower--.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
unpow3N/A
pow2N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
pow2N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
inv-powN/A
lower-pow.f6490.1
Applied rewrites90.1%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
frac-2negN/A
metadata-evalN/A
lift-neg.f64N/A
lower-/.f6498.1
Applied rewrites98.1%
Final simplification79.9%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma -4.0 (* a c) (* b b)))
(t_1 (* -4.0 (* a c)))
(t_2 (fma (pow b 1.0) (pow b 1.0) t_1)))
(if (<= b -7.5e-294)
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/
(* -2.0 c)
(fma (pow (pow (pow (fma b b t_1) 0.5) 2.0) -0.5) (pow t_2 1.0) b))
(* (/ (- (pow t_2 0.5) b) a) 0.5))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(* (* -1.0 2.0) (/ c (+ b (pow (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))) 0.5))))
(*
0.5
(/
(- (pow (pow t_0 3.0) 0.5) (* (* b b) b))
(*
a
(-
(fma -4.0 (* a c) (* 2.0 (* b b)))
(* -1.0 (* b (pow t_0 0.5)))))))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(-4.0, (a * c), (b * b));
double t_1 = -4.0 * (a * c);
double t_2 = fma(pow(b, 1.0), pow(b, 1.0), t_1);
double tmp_1;
if (b <= -7.5e-294) {
double tmp_2;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_2 = (-2.0 * c) / fma(pow(pow(pow(fma(b, b, t_1), 0.5), 2.0), -0.5), pow(t_2, 1.0), b);
} else {
tmp_2 = ((pow(t_2, 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5;
}
tmp_1 = tmp_2;
} else if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp_1 = (-1.0 * 2.0) * (c / (b + pow(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))), 0.5)));
} else {
tmp_1 = 0.5 * ((pow(pow(t_0, 3.0), 0.5) - ((b * b) * b)) / (a * (fma(-4.0, (a * c), (2.0 * (b * b))) - (-1.0 * (b * pow(t_0, 0.5))))));
}
return tmp_1;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma(-4.0, Float64(a * c), Float64(b * b)) t_1 = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c)) t_2 = fma((b ^ 1.0), (b ^ 1.0), t_1) tmp_1 = 0.0 if (b <= -7.5e-294) tmp_2 = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * c) / fma((((fma(b, b, t_1) ^ 0.5) ^ 2.0) ^ -0.5), (t_2 ^ 1.0), b)); else tmp_2 = Float64(Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5); end tmp_1 = tmp_2; elseif (b >= 0.0) tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(-1.0 * 2.0) * Float64(c / Float64(b + (Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))) ^ 0.5)))); else tmp_1 = Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(((t_0 ^ 3.0) ^ 0.5) - Float64(Float64(b * b) * b)) / Float64(a * Float64(fma(-4.0, Float64(a * c), Float64(2.0 * Float64(b * b))) - Float64(-1.0 * Float64(b * (t_0 ^ 0.5))))))); end return tmp_1 end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, -7.5e-294], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[N[Power[N[Power[N[(b * b + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$2, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, 0.5], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-1.0 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / N[(b + N[Power[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(N[(N[Power[N[Power[t$95$0, 3.0], $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(-1.0 * N[(b * N[Power[t$95$0, 0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(-4, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)\\
t_1 := -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\\
t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{1}, {b}^{1}, t\_1\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7.5 \cdot 10^{-294}:\\
\;\;\;\;\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2 \cdot c}{\mathsf{fma}\left({\left({\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, t\_1\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{-0.5}, {t\_2}^{1}, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_2}^{0.5} - b}{a} \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(-1 \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{c}{b + {\left(b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)}^{0.5}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{{\left({t\_0}^{3}\right)}^{0.5} - \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{a \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, a \cdot c, 2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(b \cdot {t\_0}^{0.5}\right)\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -7.5000000000000004e-294Initial program 70.6%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites70.6%
lift-fma.f64N/A
lift-pow.f64N/A
lift-pow.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
unpow1N/A
metadata-evalN/A
pow-prod-upN/A
pow2N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
Applied rewrites70.6%
if -7.5000000000000004e-294 < b Initial program 75.9%
Applied rewrites75.9%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf
Applied rewrites75.9%
Final simplification73.4%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma (pow b 1.0) (pow b 1.0) (* -4.0 (* a c)))))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/ (* -2.0 c) (fma (pow t_0 -0.5) (pow t_0 1.0) b))
(* (/ (- (pow t_0 0.5) b) a) 0.5))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(pow(b, 1.0), pow(b, 1.0), (-4.0 * (a * c)));
double tmp;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp = (-2.0 * c) / fma(pow(t_0, -0.5), pow(t_0, 1.0), b);
} else {
tmp = ((pow(t_0, 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma((b ^ 1.0), (b ^ 1.0), Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c))) tmp = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * c) / fma((t_0 ^ -0.5), (t_0 ^ 1.0), b)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64((t_0 ^ 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$0, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$0, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$0, 0.5], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{1}, {b}^{1}, -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2 \cdot c}{\mathsf{fma}\left({t\_0}^{-0.5}, {t\_0}^{1}, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_0}^{0.5} - b}{a} \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 73.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites65.5%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* -4.0 (* a c))) (t_1 (fma (pow b 1.0) (pow b 1.0) t_0)))
(if (>= b 0.0)
(/
(* -2.0 c)
(fma (pow (pow (pow (fma b b t_0) 0.5) 2.0) -0.5) (pow t_1 1.0) b))
(* (/ (- (pow t_1 0.5) b) a) 0.5))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = -4.0 * (a * c);
double t_1 = fma(pow(b, 1.0), pow(b, 1.0), t_0);
double tmp;
if (b >= 0.0) {
tmp = (-2.0 * c) / fma(pow(pow(pow(fma(b, b, t_0), 0.5), 2.0), -0.5), pow(t_1, 1.0), b);
} else {
tmp = ((pow(t_1, 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c)) t_1 = fma((b ^ 1.0), (b ^ 1.0), t_0) tmp = 0.0 if (b >= 0.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(-2.0 * c) / fma((((fma(b, b, t_0) ^ 0.5) ^ 2.0) ^ -0.5), (t_1 ^ 1.0), b)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64((t_1 ^ 0.5) - b) / a) * 0.5); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[b, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[GreaterEqual[b, 0.0], N[(N[(-2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[N[Power[N[Power[N[(b * b + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision], -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[t$95$1, 1.0], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$1, 0.5], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\\
t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left({b}^{1}, {b}^{1}, t\_0\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \geq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2 \cdot c}{\mathsf{fma}\left({\left({\left({\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, t\_0\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)}^{2}\right)}^{-0.5}, {t\_1}^{1}, b\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_1}^{0.5} - b}{a} \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 73.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0
Applied rewrites65.5%
lift-fma.f64N/A
lift-pow.f64N/A
lift-pow.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
unpow1N/A
metadata-evalN/A
pow-prod-upN/A
pow2N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
Applied rewrites65.4%
herbie shell --seed 2025065
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "jeff quadratic root 2"
:precision binary64
(if (>= b 0.0) (/ (* 2.0 c) (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))))) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a))))