Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.5%
Time: 4.6s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 0.4×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{{\left(1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot 3\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (sqrt (pow (- 1.0 (* (* v v) 3.0)) -1.0))
  (/ (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) t) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) (- 1.0 (* v v))))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return sqrt(pow((1.0 - ((v * v) * 3.0)), -1.0)) * ((fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / t) / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * (1.0 - (v * v))));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(sqrt((Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(v * v) * 3.0)) ^ -1.0)) * Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / t) / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)))))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[(1.0 - N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{{\left(1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot 3\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) + {v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{{v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{t} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    3. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right), \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot -2.5, v \cdot v, \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(5\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-5} \cdot {v}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-5 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -5} + 1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -5, 1\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    10. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    11. lift-*.f6499.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  10. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  11. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1} + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  13. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot 3\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), t\_1, t\_1\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (sqrt 2.0) PI)))
   (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) (* (fma (* -2.5 (* v v)) t_1 t_1) t))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	double t_1 = sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	return fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / (fma((-2.5 * (v * v)), t_1, t_1) * t);
}
function code(v, t)
	t_1 = Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi)
	return Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / Float64(fma(Float64(-2.5 * Float64(v * v)), t_1, t_1) * t))
end
code[v_, t_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(-2.5 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1 + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), t\_1, t\_1\right) \cdot t}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) + {v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{{v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{t} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    3. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right), \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot -2.5, v \cdot v, \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(5\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-5} \cdot {v}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-5 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -5} + 1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -5, 1\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    10. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    11. lift-*.f6499.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  10. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -2.5, 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (* (* (fma (* v v) -2.5 1.0) (* (sqrt 2.0) PI)) t)))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return fma(-5.0, (v * v), 1.0) / ((fma((v * v), -2.5, 1.0) * (sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI))) * t);
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(fma(-5.0, Float64(v * v), 1.0) / Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -2.5, 1.0) * Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi)) * t))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -2.5 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -2.5, 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.1%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) + {v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{{v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{t} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    3. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-3}{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right), \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot -2.5, v \cdot v, \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right), \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi, \sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -2.5, 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 98.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t)
     :precision binary64
     (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (* (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) t) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
    double code(double v, double t) {
    	return fma(-5.0, (v * v), 1.0) / (((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * t) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
    }
    
    function code(v, t)
    	return Float64(fma(-5.0, Float64(v * v), 1.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
    end
    
    code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.1%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{v}^{2}} - 5\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{{v}^{2}} - 5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{{v}^{2}} - 5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{{v}^{2}} - 5\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{v}}^{2}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. pow-flipN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)} - 5\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      6. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      7. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot \color{blue}{v}\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      8. lift-*.f6451.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot \color{blue}{v}\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      5. lift-PI.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      6. lift-*.f6451.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    8. Applied rewrites51.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left({v}^{-2} - 5\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-5 \cdot {v}^{2}}}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-5 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, {v}^{\color{blue}{2}}, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f6499.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    11. Applied rewrites99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    12. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t)
     :precision binary64
     (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) t)))
    double code(double v, double t) {
    	return fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * t);
    }
    
    function code(v, t)
    	return Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t))
    end
    
    code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.1%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      6. lift-PI.f6499.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      4. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-5\right)\right)} \cdot {v}^{2}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      6. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      7. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-5 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -5} + 1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      9. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      10. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      11. lift-*.f6499.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. Applied rewrites99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 98.3% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) t)))
    double code(double v, double t) {
    	return 1.0 / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * t);
    }
    
    public static double code(double v, double t) {
    	return 1.0 / ((Math.sqrt(2.0) * Math.PI) * t);
    }
    
    def code(v, t):
    	return 1.0 / ((math.sqrt(2.0) * math.pi) * t)
    
    function code(v, t)
    	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(v, t)
    	tmp = 1.0 / ((sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t);
    end
    
    code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.1%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      6. lift-PI.f6499.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 98.2% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* t PI) (sqrt 2.0))))
      double code(double v, double t) {
      	return 1.0 / ((t * ((double) M_PI)) * sqrt(2.0));
      }
      
      public static double code(double v, double t) {
      	return 1.0 / ((t * Math.PI) * Math.sqrt(2.0));
      }
      
      def code(v, t):
      	return 1.0 / ((t * math.pi) * math.sqrt(2.0))
      
      function code(v, t)
      	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(t * pi) * sqrt(2.0)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(v, t)
      	tmp = 1.0 / ((t * pi) * sqrt(2.0));
      end
      
      code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(t * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.1%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        6. lift-PI.f6499.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites99.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
          2. lift-PI.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          5. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
          6. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)} \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
          8. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
          9. lift-PI.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
          10. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
          11. lift-*.f6498.9

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
        3. Applied rewrites98.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2025064 
        (FPCore (v t)
          :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
          :precision binary64
          (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))