
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t\_0\right) + t\_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ (exp (/ PI s)) 1.0))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(- (/ 1.0 (fma (- (/ 1.0 (+ (exp (/ (- PI) s)) 1.0)) t_0) u t_0)) 1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (expf((((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f);
return -s * logf(((1.0f / fmaf(((1.0f / (expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f)) - t_0), u, t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) + Float32(1.0))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / fma(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)) + Float32(1.0))) - t_0), u, t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{e^{\frac{\pi}{s}} + 1}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}} + 1} - t\_0, u, t\_0\right)} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Applied rewrites98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/
1.0
(fma
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (exp (/ (- PI) s)) 1.0))
(/
1.0
(+
2.0
(fma
0.16666666666666666
(* (/ PI s) (* (/ PI s) (/ PI s)))
(fma 0.5 (/ (* PI PI) (* s s)) (/ PI s))))))
u
(/ 1.0 (+ (exp (/ PI s)) 1.0))))
1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / fmaf(((1.0f / (expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f)) - (1.0f / (2.0f + fmaf(0.16666666666666666f, ((((float) M_PI) / s) * ((((float) M_PI) / s) * (((float) M_PI) / s))), fmaf(0.5f, ((((float) M_PI) * ((float) M_PI)) / (s * s)), (((float) M_PI) / s)))))), u, (1.0f / (expf((((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f)))) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / fma(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)) + Float32(1.0))) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(2.0) + fma(Float32(0.16666666666666666), Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) / s) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) / s) * Float32(Float32(pi) / s))), fma(Float32(0.5), Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(pi)) / Float32(s * s)), Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))), u, Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) + Float32(1.0))))) - Float32(1.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}} + 1} - \frac{1}{2 + \mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \frac{\pi}{s} \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{s} \cdot \frac{\pi}{s}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \frac{\pi \cdot \pi}{s \cdot s}, \frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)}, u, \frac{1}{e^{\frac{\pi}{s}} + 1}\right)} - 1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Applied rewrites98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-+.f32N/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
cube-div-revN/A
lower-pow.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3297.6
Applied rewrites97.6%
lift-pow.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
cube-multN/A
times-fracN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3297.6
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
Applied rewrites97.6%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/
1.0
(*
(- (/ 1.0 (+ (exp (/ (- PI) s)) 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (+ (exp (/ PI s)) 1.0)))
u))
1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / (((1.0f / (expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f)) - (1.0f / (expf((((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f))) * u)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)) + Float32(1.0))) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) + Float32(1.0)))) * u)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / (((single(1.0) / (exp((-single(pi) / s)) + single(1.0))) - (single(1.0) / (exp((single(pi) / s)) + single(1.0)))) * u)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}} + 1} - \frac{1}{e^{\frac{\pi}{s}} + 1}\right) \cdot u} - 1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
Applied rewrites97.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ (exp (/ PI s)) 1.0)))) (* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (fma (- 0.5 t_0) u t_0)) 1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (expf((((float) M_PI) / s)) + 1.0f);
return -s * logf(((1.0f / fmaf((0.5f - t_0), u, t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)) + Float32(1.0))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / fma(Float32(Float32(0.5) - t_0), u, t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{e^{\frac{\pi}{s}} + 1}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - t\_0, u, t\_0\right)} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Applied rewrites98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites36.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (+ 1.0 (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((1.0f + (((float) M_PI) / s)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(1.0) + (single(pi) / s))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(1 + \frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
+-commutativeN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
Applied rewrites24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0
lower-+.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3225.0
Applied rewrites25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(pi) / s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
+-commutativeN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
Applied rewrites24.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3224.8
Applied rewrites24.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3225.0
Applied rewrites25.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* u (fma -1.0 (/ PI u) (* 2.0 PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return u * fmaf(-1.0f, (((float) M_PI) / u), (2.0f * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(u * fma(Float32(-1.0), Float32(Float32(pi) / u), Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
u \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \frac{\pi}{u}, 2 \cdot \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
Applied rewrites11.4%
Taylor expanded in u around inf
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3211.4
Applied rewrites11.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (fma -1.0 PI (* 2.0 (* u PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return fmaf(-1.0f, ((float) M_PI), (2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(u, s) return fma(Float32(-1.0), Float32(pi), Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, \pi, 2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
Applied rewrites11.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0
lower-fma.f32N/A
lift-PI.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3211.4
Applied rewrites11.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0
mul-1-negN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-PI.f3211.2
Applied rewrites11.2%
herbie shell --seed 2025064
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))