Curve intersection, scale width based on ribbon orientation

Percentage Accurate: 97.0% → 99.1%
Time: 6.2s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 45.9×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(0 \leq normAngle \land normAngle \leq \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \land \left(-1 \leq n0\_i \land n0\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq n1\_i \land n1\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u \land u \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\ \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))))
   (+
    (* (* (sin (* (- 1.0 u) normAngle)) t_0) n0_i)
    (* (* (sin (* u normAngle)) t_0) n1_i))))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	float t_0 = 1.0f / sinf(normAngle);
	return ((sinf(((1.0f - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sinf((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(normangle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: normangle
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    real(4), intent (in) :: n0_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: n1_i
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = 1.0e0 / sin(normangle)
    code = ((sin(((1.0e0 - u) * normangle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normangle)) * t_0) * n1_i)
end function
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / sin(normAngle))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i))
end
function tmp = code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = single(1.0) / sin(normAngle);
	tmp = ((sin(((single(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\
\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 97.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\ \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))))
   (+
    (* (* (sin (* (- 1.0 u) normAngle)) t_0) n0_i)
    (* (* (sin (* u normAngle)) t_0) n1_i))))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	float t_0 = 1.0f / sinf(normAngle);
	return ((sinf(((1.0f - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sinf((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(4) function code(normangle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(4), intent (in) :: normangle
    real(4), intent (in) :: u
    real(4), intent (in) :: n0_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: n1_i
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = 1.0e0 / sin(normangle)
    code = ((sin(((1.0e0 - u) * normangle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normangle)) * t_0) * n1_i)
end function
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / sin(normAngle))
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i))
end
function tmp = code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	t_0 = single(1.0) / sin(normAngle);
	tmp = ((sin(((single(1.0) - u) * normAngle)) * t_0) * n0_i) + ((sin((u * normAngle)) * t_0) * n1_i);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\\
\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot n1\_i
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.1% accurate, 5.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 \cdot n0\_i, normAngle \cdot normAngle, \left(\left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) \cdot u\right)\right), u, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right) \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (fma
  (+
   (fma -1.0 n0_i n1_i)
   (fma
    (fma
     (* -0.5 n0_i)
     (* normAngle normAngle)
     (*
      (* (* normAngle normAngle) -0.16666666666666666)
      (* (fma -1.0 n0_i n1_i) u)))
    u
    (*
     (fma 0.5 n0_i (* 0.16666666666666666 (fma -1.0 n0_i n1_i)))
     (* normAngle normAngle))))
  u
  n0_i))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return fmaf((fmaf(-1.0f, n0_i, n1_i) + fmaf(fmaf((-0.5f * n0_i), (normAngle * normAngle), (((normAngle * normAngle) * -0.16666666666666666f) * (fmaf(-1.0f, n0_i, n1_i) * u))), u, (fmaf(0.5f, n0_i, (0.16666666666666666f * fmaf(-1.0f, n0_i, n1_i))) * (normAngle * normAngle)))), u, n0_i);
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return fma(Float32(fma(Float32(-1.0), n0_i, n1_i) + fma(fma(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * n0_i), Float32(normAngle * normAngle), Float32(Float32(Float32(normAngle * normAngle) * Float32(-0.16666666666666666)) * Float32(fma(Float32(-1.0), n0_i, n1_i) * u))), u, Float32(fma(Float32(0.5), n0_i, Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * fma(Float32(-1.0), n0_i, n1_i))) * Float32(normAngle * normAngle)))), u, n0_i)
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 \cdot n0\_i, normAngle \cdot normAngle, \left(\left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) \cdot u\right)\right), u, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right) \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right) + \left(n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(1 - u\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\color{blue}{n1\_i \cdot u} + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, \color{blue}{n0\_i}, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. lift--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right) + n1\_i \cdot u\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}, n0\_i, {u}^{3} \cdot n1\_i\right) - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto n0\_i + \color{blue}{u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(u \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {normAngle}^{2}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(u \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {normAngle}^{2}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) + n0\_i \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(u \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {normAngle}^{2}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(u \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {normAngle}^{2}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(u \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right) \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 \cdot n0\_i, normAngle \cdot normAngle, \left(\left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) \cdot u\right)\right), u, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right) \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right)\right), \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.0% accurate, 7.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 \cdot n0\_i, \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot u, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right) \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (fma
  (+
   (fma -1.0 n0_i n1_i)
   (fma
    (* -0.5 n0_i)
    (* (* normAngle normAngle) u)
    (*
     (fma 0.5 n0_i (* 0.16666666666666666 (fma -1.0 n0_i n1_i)))
     (* normAngle normAngle))))
  u
  n0_i))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return fmaf((fmaf(-1.0f, n0_i, n1_i) + fmaf((-0.5f * n0_i), ((normAngle * normAngle) * u), (fmaf(0.5f, n0_i, (0.16666666666666666f * fmaf(-1.0f, n0_i, n1_i))) * (normAngle * normAngle)))), u, n0_i);
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return fma(Float32(fma(Float32(-1.0), n0_i, n1_i) + fma(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * n0_i), Float32(Float32(normAngle * normAngle) * u), Float32(fma(Float32(0.5), n0_i, Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * fma(Float32(-1.0), n0_i, n1_i))) * Float32(normAngle * normAngle)))), u, n0_i)
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 \cdot n0\_i, \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot u, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right) \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right) + \left(n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(1 - u\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\color{blue}{n1\_i \cdot u} + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, \color{blue}{n0\_i}, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. lift--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right) + n1\_i \cdot u\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}, n0\_i, {u}^{3} \cdot n1\_i\right) - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto n0\_i + \color{blue}{u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot u\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot u\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) + n0\_i \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot u\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left({normAngle}^{2} \cdot u\right)\right) + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right) \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 \cdot n0\_i, \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot u, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right) \cdot \left(normAngle \cdot normAngle\right)\right), \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 11.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, -n0\_i\right) + n1\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (fma
  (+
   (fma
    (fma 0.5 n0_i (* 0.16666666666666666 (fma -1.0 n0_i n1_i)))
    (* normAngle normAngle)
    (- n0_i))
   n1_i)
  u
  n0_i))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	return fmaf((fmaf(fmaf(0.5f, n0_i, (0.16666666666666666f * fmaf(-1.0f, n0_i, n1_i))), (normAngle * normAngle), -n0_i) + n1_i), u, n0_i);
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	return fma(Float32(fma(fma(Float32(0.5), n0_i, Float32(Float32(0.16666666666666666) * fma(Float32(-1.0), n0_i, n1_i))), Float32(normAngle * normAngle), Float32(-n0_i)) + n1_i), u, n0_i)
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, -n0\_i\right) + n1\_i, u, n0\_i\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.2%

    \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right) + \left(n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(1 - u\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\color{blue}{n1\_i \cdot u} + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    2. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, \color{blue}{n0\_i}, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    3. lift--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right) + n1\_i \cdot u\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}, n0\_i, {u}^{3} \cdot n1\_i\right) - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in u around 0

    \[\leadsto n0\_i + \color{blue}{u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) + n0\_i \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
    3. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right) \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, -n0\_i\right) + n1\_i, \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 85.5% accurate, 21.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n1\_i \leq -1.9000000864326212 \cdot 10^{-24} \lor \neg \left(n1\_i \leq 4.999999841327613 \cdot 10^{-21}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
 :precision binary32
 (if (or (<= n1_i -1.9000000864326212e-24)
         (not (<= n1_i 4.999999841327613e-21)))
   (fma u n1_i n0_i)
   (* n0_i (- 1.0 u))))
float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
	float tmp;
	if ((n1_i <= -1.9000000864326212e-24f) || !(n1_i <= 4.999999841327613e-21f)) {
		tmp = fmaf(u, n1_i, n0_i);
	} else {
		tmp = n0_i * (1.0f - u);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if ((n1_i <= Float32(-1.9000000864326212e-24)) || !(n1_i <= Float32(4.999999841327613e-21)))
		tmp = fma(u, n1_i, n0_i);
	else
		tmp = Float32(n0_i * Float32(Float32(1.0) - u));
	end
	return tmp
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;n1\_i \leq -1.9000000864326212 \cdot 10^{-24} \lor \neg \left(n1\_i \leq 4.999999841327613 \cdot 10^{-21}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if n1_i < -1.90000009e-24 or 4.99999984e-21 < n1_i

    1. Initial program 97.3%

      \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \color{blue}{u} \cdot n1\_i \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites96.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \color{blue}{u} \cdot n1\_i \]
      2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} + u \cdot n1\_i \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites88.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} + u \cdot n1\_i \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i + u \cdot n1\_i} \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u \cdot n1\_i + n0\_i} \]
          3. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u \cdot n1\_i} + n0\_i \]
          4. lower-fma.f3288.4

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)} \]
        3. Applied rewrites88.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)} \]

        if -1.90000009e-24 < n1_i < 4.99999984e-21

        1. Initial program 97.1%

          \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in n0_i around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{n0\_i \cdot \sin \left(normAngle \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right)}{\sin normAngle}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(normAngle \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right)}{\sin normAngle}} \]
          2. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(normAngle \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right)}{\sin normAngle}} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} \]
          4. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right)}{\color{blue}{\sin normAngle}} \]
          5. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} \]
          6. lift--.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} \]
          7. lift-sin.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right)}{\sin \color{blue}{normAngle}} \]
          8. lift-sin.f3293.4

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle} \]
        5. Applied rewrites93.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right)}{\sin normAngle}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

          \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{u}\right) \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift--.f3292.6

            \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right) \]
        8. Applied rewrites92.6%

          \[\leadsto n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{u}\right) \]
      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      5. Final simplification89.9%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;n1\_i \leq -1.9000000864326212 \cdot 10^{-24} \lor \neg \left(n1\_i \leq 4.999999841327613 \cdot 10^{-21}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\\ \end{array} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 98.1% accurate, 45.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i) :precision binary32 (fma (- n1_i n0_i) u n0_i))
      float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
      	return fmaf((n1_i - n0_i), u, n0_i);
      }
      
      function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
      	return fma(Float32(n1_i - n0_i), u, n0_i)
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 97.2%

        \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right) + \left(n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(1 - u\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\color{blue}{n1\_i \cdot u} + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        2. lower-fma.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, \color{blue}{n0\_i}, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        3. lift--.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        4. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot {\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot {u}^{3}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n0\_i \cdot \left(1 - u\right)\right) + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)\right) + n1\_i \cdot u\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites98.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left({\left(1 - u\right)}^{3}, n0\_i, {u}^{3} \cdot n1\_i\right) - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, n0\_i, n1\_i \cdot u\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, n1\_i \cdot u\right)\right)} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in u around 0

        \[\leadsto n0\_i + \color{blue}{u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto u \cdot \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) + n0\_i \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot u + n0\_i \]
        3. lower-fma.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i + \left(-1 \cdot n0\_i + {normAngle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot n0\_i - \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(n1\_i + -1 \cdot n0\_i\right)\right)\right), u, n0\_i\right) \]
      8. Applied rewrites99.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, n0\_i, 0.16666666666666666 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, n0\_i, n1\_i\right)\right), normAngle \cdot normAngle, -n0\_i\right) + n1\_i, \color{blue}{u}, n0\_i\right) \]
      9. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
      10. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower--.f3298.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
      11. Applied rewrites98.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(n1\_i - n0\_i, u, n0\_i\right) \]
      12. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 82.1% accurate, 65.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i) :precision binary32 (fma u n1_i n0_i))
      float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
      	return fmaf(u, n1_i, n0_i);
      }
      
      function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
      	return fma(u, n1_i, n0_i)
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 97.2%

        \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in normAngle around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \color{blue}{u} \cdot n1\_i \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites96.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \color{blue}{u} \cdot n1\_i \]
        2. Taylor expanded in u around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} + u \cdot n1\_i \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites81.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} + u \cdot n1\_i \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-+.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i + u \cdot n1\_i} \]
            2. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u \cdot n1\_i + n0\_i} \]
            3. lift-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u \cdot n1\_i} + n0\_i \]
            4. lower-fma.f3281.7

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)} \]
          3. Applied rewrites81.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(u, n1\_i, n0\_i\right)} \]
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 7: 46.7% accurate, 459.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ n0\_i \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i) :precision binary32 n0_i)
          float code(float normAngle, float u, float n0_i, float n1_i) {
          	return n0_i;
          }
          
          module fmin_fmax_functions
              implicit none
              private
              public fmax
              public fmin
          
              interface fmax
                  module procedure fmax88
                  module procedure fmax44
                  module procedure fmax84
                  module procedure fmax48
              end interface
              interface fmin
                  module procedure fmin88
                  module procedure fmin44
                  module procedure fmin84
                  module procedure fmin48
              end interface
          contains
              real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
          end module
          
          real(4) function code(normangle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
          use fmin_fmax_functions
              real(4), intent (in) :: normangle
              real(4), intent (in) :: u
              real(4), intent (in) :: n0_i
              real(4), intent (in) :: n1_i
              code = n0_i
          end function
          
          function code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
          	return n0_i
          end
          
          function tmp = code(normAngle, u, n0_i, n1_i)
          	tmp = n0_i;
          end
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          n0\_i
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 97.2%

            \[\left(\sin \left(\left(1 - u\right) \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n0\_i + \left(\sin \left(u \cdot normAngle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin normAngle}\right) \cdot n1\_i \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in u around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites45.3%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{n0\_i} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing

            Reproduce

            ?
            herbie shell --seed 2025061 
            (FPCore (normAngle u n0_i n1_i)
              :name "Curve intersection, scale width based on ribbon orientation"
              :precision binary32
              :pre (and (and (and (and (<= 0.0 normAngle) (<= normAngle (/ PI 2.0))) (and (<= -1.0 n0_i) (<= n0_i 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 n1_i) (<= n1_i 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)))
              (+ (* (* (sin (* (- 1.0 u) normAngle)) (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))) n0_i) (* (* (sin (* u normAngle)) (/ 1.0 (sin normAngle))) n1_i)))