Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.5%
Time: 3.6s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
public static double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
def code(v, t):
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)))
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(1.0 - Float64(3.0 * Float64(v * v)))))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
function tmp = code(v, t)
	tmp = (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (((pi * t) * sqrt((2.0 * (1.0 - (3.0 * (v * v)))))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(1.0 - N[(3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (sqrt (pow (fma (* v v) -3.0 1.0) -1.0))
  (/ (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) t) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) (- 1.0 (* v v))))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return sqrt(pow(fma((v * v), -3.0, 1.0), -1.0)) * ((fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / t) / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * (1.0 - (v * v))));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(sqrt((fma(Float64(v * v), -3.0, 1.0) ^ -1.0)) * Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / t) / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)))))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[Power[N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -3.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f6499.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \pi\right)}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
  9. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.3% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (*
   (sqrt (fma -3.0 (* v v) 1.0))
   (* (* PI t) (* (sqrt 2.0) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (1.0 - (5.0 * (v * v))) / (sqrt(fma(-3.0, (v * v), 1.0)) * ((((double) M_PI) * t) * (sqrt(2.0) * (1.0 - (v * v)))));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(5.0 * Float64(v * v))) / Float64(sqrt(fma(-3.0, Float64(v * v), 1.0)) * Float64(Float64(pi * t) * Float64(sqrt(2.0) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(1.0 - N[(5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-3.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{t} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    5. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    6. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    7. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{-3 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, {v}^{2}, 1\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    10. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
    12. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \]
    13. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \pi\right)}}{1 - v \cdot v} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (* (sqrt (fma (* v v) -6.0 2.0)) (* t PI)))
  (- 1.0 (* v v))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return (fma(-5.0, (v * v), 1.0) / (sqrt(fma((v * v), -6.0, 2.0)) * (t * ((double) M_PI)))) / (1.0 - (v * v));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(Float64(fma(-5.0, Float64(v * v), 1.0) / Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(v * v), -6.0, 2.0)) * Float64(t * pi))) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[(-5.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -6.0 + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(t * Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \pi\right)}}{1 - v \cdot v}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f6499.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \pi\right)}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0)
  (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (fma -6.0 (* v v) 2.0))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / (((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt(fma(-6.0, (v * v), 2.0))) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(fma(-6.0, Float64(v * v), 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(-6.0 * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f6499.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(5\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-5} \cdot {v}^{2}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-5 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -5} + 1}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    10. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    11. lift-*.f6499.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  1.0
  (/ (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) t) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) (- 1.0 (* v v))))))
double code(double v, double t) {
	return 1.0 * ((fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / t) / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * (1.0 - (v * v))));
}
function code(v, t)
	return Float64(1.0 * Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / t) / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v)))))
end
code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
1 \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f6499.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot \color{blue}{v}, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \pi\right)}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
  9. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites98.0%

      \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 98.5% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t)
     :precision binary64
     (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) (* (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) t) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
    double code(double v, double t) {
    	return fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / (((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * t) * (1.0 - (v * v)));
    }
    
    function code(v, t)
    	return Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(v * v))))
    end
    
    code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        4. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        5. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(5\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        6. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-5} \cdot {v}^{2}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        7. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-5 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -5} + 1}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        9. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        10. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        11. lift-*.f6497.6

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. Applied rewrites97.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. lift-PI.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        4. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        6. lift-PI.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\pi} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        7. lower-*.f6497.5

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites97.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        3. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        4. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        5. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        7. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        8. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      8. Applied rewrites97.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 98.5% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/ (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) t)))
      double code(double v, double t) {
      	return fma((v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * t);
      }
      
      function code(v, t)
      	return Float64(fma(Float64(v * v), -5.0, 1.0) / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t))
      end
      
      code[v_, t_] := N[(N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -5.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        6. lift-PI.f6497.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites97.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        4. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \color{blue}{{v}^{2}}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        5. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(5\right)\right) \cdot {v}^{2}}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        6. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-5} \cdot {v}^{2}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        7. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-5 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -5} + 1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        9. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        10. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        11. lift-*.f6497.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      7. Applied rewrites97.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      8. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 98.5% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* (sqrt 2.0) PI) t)))
      double code(double v, double t) {
      	return 1.0 / ((sqrt(2.0) * ((double) M_PI)) * t);
      }
      
      public static double code(double v, double t) {
      	return 1.0 / ((Math.sqrt(2.0) * Math.PI) * t);
      }
      
      def code(v, t):
      	return 1.0 / ((math.sqrt(2.0) * math.pi) * t)
      
      function code(v, t)
      	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(v, t)
      	tmp = 1.0 / ((sqrt(2.0) * pi) * t);
      end
      
      code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.0%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        6. lift-PI.f6497.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites97.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites97.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 9: 98.4% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* PI t) (sqrt 2.0))))
        double code(double v, double t) {
        	return 1.0 / ((((double) M_PI) * t) * sqrt(2.0));
        }
        
        public static double code(double v, double t) {
        	return 1.0 / ((Math.PI * t) * Math.sqrt(2.0));
        }
        
        def code(v, t):
        	return 1.0 / ((math.pi * t) * math.sqrt(2.0))
        
        function code(v, t)
        	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(pi * t) * sqrt(2.0)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(v, t)
        	tmp = 1.0 / ((pi * t) * sqrt(2.0));
        end
        
        code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(Pi * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.0%

          \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          6. lift-PI.f6497.7

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        5. Applied rewrites97.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites97.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
            2. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
            3. lift-PI.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
            4. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)} \]
            5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]
            7. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
            9. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
            10. lift-PI.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
            11. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
            12. lift-sqrt.f6497.6

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
          3. Applied rewrites97.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 10: 98.4% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right)} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* PI (* (sqrt 2.0) t))))
          double code(double v, double t) {
          	return 1.0 / (((double) M_PI) * (sqrt(2.0) * t));
          }
          
          public static double code(double v, double t) {
          	return 1.0 / (Math.PI * (Math.sqrt(2.0) * t));
          }
          
          def code(v, t):
          	return 1.0 / (math.pi * (math.sqrt(2.0) * t))
          
          function code(v, t)
          	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(pi * Float64(sqrt(2.0) * t)))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(v, t)
          	tmp = 1.0 / (pi * (sqrt(2.0) * t));
          end
          
          code[v_, t_] := N[(1.0 / N[(Pi * N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right)}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.0%

            \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
            3. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
            5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
            6. lift-PI.f6497.7

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
          5. Applied rewrites97.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites97.7%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot t} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t}} \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
              3. lift-PI.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
              4. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)} \]
              5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
              6. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]
              7. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
              9. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
              10. lift-PI.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
              11. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
              12. lift-sqrt.f6497.6

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
            3. Applied rewrites97.6%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\pi \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
              2. lift-PI.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
              3. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
              4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
              5. associate-*l*N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
              7. lift-PI.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\color{blue}{t} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{t}\right)} \]
              9. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{t}\right)} \]
              10. lift-sqrt.f6497.5

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right)} \]
            5. Applied rewrites97.5%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right)}} \]
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Reproduce

            ?
            herbie shell --seed 2025060 
            (FPCore (v t)
              :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
              :precision binary64
              (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* PI t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))