Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.3%
Time: 3.5s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 0.4×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.3% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t\_1} - {t\_1}^{-1}}{-t} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI))))
   (/ (- (/ (* 2.5 (* v v)) t_1) (pow t_1 -1.0)) (- t))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
\frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t\_1} - {t\_1}^{-1}}{-t}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{-5}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. inv-powN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
    13. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -2.5, {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around -inf

    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}\right) \]
    2. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - {\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t} \]
  9. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - {\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{-t} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.8% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{-t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (/ -1.0 (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI))) (- t)))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{-t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{-5}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. inv-powN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
    13. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -2.5, {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around -inf

    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}\right) \]
    2. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - {\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    3. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
    5. lift-PI.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
  11. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
  12. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{-t} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.5% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (- (/ (/ -1.0 t) (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{-5}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. inv-powN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
    13. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -2.5, {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around -inf

    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}\right) \]
    2. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - {\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-*.f6499.1

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
  11. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    8. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    9. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    10. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    12. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    13. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    14. lift-PI.f6499.2

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
  13. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{-1}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
  14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.4% accurate, 2.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (- (/ -1.0 (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{-5}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. inv-powN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
    13. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -2.5, {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around -inf

    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}\right) \]
    2. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - {\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-*.f6499.1

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
  11. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 2.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (- (/ -1.0 (* (* t (PI)) (sqrt 2.0)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{-5}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2}}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    10. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    11. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
    12. inv-powN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
    13. lower-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, {\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}^{-1}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -2.5, {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in t around -inf

    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t}\right) \]
    2. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} - \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{2.5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - {\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lift-*.f6499.1

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
  11. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
  12. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    2. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    4. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    7. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    10. lift-PI.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
    11. lift-sqrt.f6499.0

      \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  13. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto -\frac{-1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  14. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2025054 
(FPCore (v t)
  :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))