math.sqrt on complex, imaginary part, im greater than 0 branch

Percentage Accurate: 41.8% → 89.8%
Time: 4.1s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.7×

Specification

?
\[im > 0\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(re, im)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 41.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(re, im)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 89.8% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)) 0.0)
   (* (* 0.5 im) (pow re -0.5))
   (* (sqrt (* (- (hypot im re) re) 2.0)) 0.5)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if ((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) * pow(re, -0.5);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if ((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) * Math.pow(re, -0.5);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((Math.hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if (2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)) <= 0.0:
		tmp = (0.5 * im) * math.pow(re, -0.5)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((math.hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	return tmp
function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re)) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * im) * (re ^ -0.5));
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)) <= 0.0)
		tmp = (0.5 * im) * (re ^ -0.5);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[(0.5 * im), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[re, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[im ^ 2 + re ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 7.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
      3. sqrt-unprodN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{1}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot 1\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot 1\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
      9. inv-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{{re}^{-1}} \]
      10. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}} \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \]
      12. lower-pow.f6497.4

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites97.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}} \]

    if 0.0 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re))

    1. Initial program 45.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      4. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      6. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      8. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites91.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 77.3% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re))))
   (if (<= t_0 0.0)
     (* (* 0.5 im) (pow re -0.5))
     (if (<= t_0 5e-160)
       (* (sqrt (fma (- (/ re im) 2.0) re (+ im im))) 0.5)
       (if (<= t_0 2e+154)
         (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re))))
         (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- im re)))))))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double t_0 = 2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re);
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 0.0) {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) * pow(re, -0.5);
	} else if (t_0 <= 5e-160) {
		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) - 2.0), re, (im + im))) * 0.5;
	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+154) {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) - re)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (im - re)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(re, im)
	t_0 = Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * im) * (re ^ -0.5));
	elseif (t_0 <= 5e-160)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) - 2.0), re, Float64(im + im))) * 0.5);
	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+154)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) - re))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(im - re))));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[re_, im_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0], N[(N[(0.5 * im), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[re, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e-160], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] - 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(im + im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+154], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(im - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 7.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
      3. sqrt-unprodN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{1}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot 1\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot 1\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
      9. inv-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{{re}^{-1}} \]
      10. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)}} \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \]
      12. lower-pow.f6497.4

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites97.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \left(1 \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}} \]

    if 0.0 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 4.99999999999999994e-160

    1. Initial program 17.1%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      4. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
      5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      6. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      8. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im} + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      2. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      3. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      5. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      6. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      7. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) + \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) \cdot re + \color{blue}{2} \cdot im} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      9. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, \color{blue}{re}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      10. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      12. lower-*.f6484.6

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
    7. Applied rewrites84.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      2. count-2-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      3. lower-+.f6484.6

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
    9. Applied rewrites84.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

    if 4.99999999999999994e-160 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 2.00000000000000007e154

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
      4. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{{im}^{2}}} - re\right)} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, {im}^{2}\right)}} - re\right)} \]
      6. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} - re\right)} \]

    if 2.00000000000000007e154 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re))

    1. Initial program 3.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites55.8%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
    5. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
    6. Final simplification79.1%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 77.3% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\left({re}^{-0.5} \cdot im\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (re im)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re))))
       (if (<= t_0 0.0)
         (* (* (pow re -0.5) im) 0.5)
         (if (<= t_0 5e-160)
           (* (sqrt (fma (- (/ re im) 2.0) re (+ im im))) 0.5)
           (if (<= t_0 2e+154)
             (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re))))
             (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- im re)))))))))
    double code(double re, double im) {
    	double t_0 = 2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re);
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_0 <= 0.0) {
    		tmp = (pow(re, -0.5) * im) * 0.5;
    	} else if (t_0 <= 5e-160) {
    		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) - 2.0), re, (im + im))) * 0.5;
    	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+154) {
    		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) - re)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (im - re)));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(re, im)
    	t_0 = Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (t_0 <= 0.0)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64((re ^ -0.5) * im) * 0.5);
    	elseif (t_0 <= 5e-160)
    		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) - 2.0), re, Float64(im + im))) * 0.5);
    	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+154)
    		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) - re))));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(im - re))));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[re_, im_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0], N[(N[(N[Power[re, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e-160], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] - 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(im + im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+154], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(im - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left({re}^{-0.5} \cdot im\right) \cdot 0.5\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
    \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 4 regimes
    2. if (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 0.0

      1. Initial program 7.4%

        \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites0.6%

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2}} \]
          4. sqrt-prodN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{im - re} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
          5. pow1/2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(im - re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(im - re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
          7. pow1/2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{im - re}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
          8. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{im - re}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
          9. lower-sqrt.f640.6

            \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{im - re} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]
        3. Applied rewrites0.6%

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{im - re} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
        4. Taylor expanded in re around inf

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right) \]
          2. sqrt-prodN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right) \]
          3. sqrt-unprodN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{re}}}\right) \]
          4. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{1}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right) \]
          5. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot 1\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{re}}}\right) \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}}\right) \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}}\right) \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}}\right) \]
          9. pow1/2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{re}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \]
          10. inv-powN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {\left({re}^{-1}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \]
          11. pow-powN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \]
          12. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) \]
          13. lower-pow.f6497.4

            \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{\color{blue}{-0.5}}\right) \]
        6. Applied rewrites97.4%

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\right)} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right)} \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
          3. lower-*.f6497.4

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\right) \cdot 0.5} \]
          4. sqrt-prod97.4

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot im\right)} \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\right) \cdot 0.5 \]
          5. *-commutative97.4

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot im\right)} \cdot {re}^{-0.5}\right) \cdot 0.5 \]
          6. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{re}^{\frac{-1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{re}}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          8. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(1 \cdot im\right) \cdot {re}^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          9. *-lft-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(im \cdot {\color{blue}{re}}^{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          10. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left({re}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{im}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          11. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({re}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{im}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          12. lift-pow.f6497.4

            \[\leadsto \left({re}^{-0.5} \cdot im\right) \cdot 0.5 \]
        8. Applied rewrites97.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({re}^{-0.5} \cdot im\right) \cdot 0.5} \]

        if 0.0 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 4.99999999999999994e-160

        1. Initial program 17.1%

          \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
          2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
          4. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
          5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
          6. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
          8. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
          9. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in re around 0

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im} + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          2. pow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          3. pow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          4. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          5. pow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          6. pow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          7. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) + \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) \cdot re + \color{blue}{2} \cdot im} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          9. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, \color{blue}{re}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          10. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          12. lower-*.f6484.6

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
        7. Applied rewrites84.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
        8. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          2. count-2-revN/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
          3. lower-+.f6484.6

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
        9. Applied rewrites84.6%

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

        if 4.99999999999999994e-160 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 2.00000000000000007e154

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
          4. pow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{{im}^{2}}} - re\right)} \]
          5. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, {im}^{2}\right)}} - re\right)} \]
          6. pow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
          7. lift-*.f64100.0

            \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
        4. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} - re\right)} \]

        if 2.00000000000000007e154 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re))

        1. Initial program 3.9%

          \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites55.8%

            \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
        5. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 77.2% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.5}{re}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (re im)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re))))
           (if (<= t_0 0.0)
             (* 0.5 (* (* im (sqrt (/ 0.5 re))) (sqrt 2.0)))
             (if (<= t_0 5e-160)
               (* (sqrt (fma (- (/ re im) 2.0) re (+ im im))) 0.5)
               (if (<= t_0 2e+154)
                 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re))))
                 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- im re)))))))))
        double code(double re, double im) {
        	double t_0 = 2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re);
        	double tmp;
        	if (t_0 <= 0.0) {
        		tmp = 0.5 * ((im * sqrt((0.5 / re))) * sqrt(2.0));
        	} else if (t_0 <= 5e-160) {
        		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) - 2.0), re, (im + im))) * 0.5;
        	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+154) {
        		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) - re)));
        	} else {
        		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (im - re)));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(re, im)
        	t_0 = Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (t_0 <= 0.0)
        		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(im * sqrt(Float64(0.5 / re))) * sqrt(2.0)));
        	elseif (t_0 <= 5e-160)
        		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) - 2.0), re, Float64(im + im))) * 0.5);
        	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+154)
        		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) - re))));
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(im - re))));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[re_, im_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0], N[(0.5 * N[(N[(im * N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 / re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e-160], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] - 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(im + im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+154], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(im - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)\\
        \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0:\\
        \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.5}{re}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
        \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 4 regimes
        2. if (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 0.0

          1. Initial program 7.4%

            \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites0.6%

              \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}} \]
              2. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(im - re\right)}} \]
              3. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2}} \]
              4. sqrt-prodN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{im - re} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
              5. pow1/2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(im - re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(im - re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
              7. pow1/2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{im - re}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              8. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{im - re}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              9. lower-sqrt.f640.6

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{im - re} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]
            3. Applied rewrites0.6%

              \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{im - re} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
            4. Taylor expanded in re around inf

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*l*N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              4. sqrt-unprodN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              5. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{re}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{re}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              7. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1}{re}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              8. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{re}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
              9. lower-/.f6497.4

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.5}{re}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]
            6. Applied rewrites97.4%

              \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{0.5}{re}}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \]

            if 0.0 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 4.99999999999999994e-160

            1. Initial program 17.1%

              \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
              2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
              3. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
              4. lift--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
              5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
              6. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
              7. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
              8. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
              9. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
            4. Applied rewrites100.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]
            5. Taylor expanded in re around 0

              \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im} + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              2. pow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              3. pow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              4. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              5. pow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              6. pow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              7. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) + \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) \cdot re + \color{blue}{2} \cdot im} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              9. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, \color{blue}{re}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              10. lower--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              12. lower-*.f6484.6

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
            7. Applied rewrites84.6%

              \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
            8. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              2. count-2-revN/A

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
              3. lower-+.f6484.6

                \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
            9. Applied rewrites84.6%

              \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, im + im\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

            if 4.99999999999999994e-160 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)) < 2.00000000000000007e154

            1. Initial program 100.0%

              \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
              2. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
              3. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
              4. pow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{{im}^{2}}} - re\right)} \]
              5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, {im}^{2}\right)}} - re\right)} \]
              6. pow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
              7. lift-*.f64100.0

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
            4. Applied rewrites100.0%

              \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} - re\right)} \]

            if 2.00000000000000007e154 < (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re))

            1. Initial program 3.9%

              \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites55.8%

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{im} - re\right)} \]
            5. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 5: 72.8% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -5.4 \cdot 10^{+88}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq -1.22 \cdot 10^{-101}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9 \cdot 10^{+164}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot im}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (re im)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= re -5.4e+88)
               (* 0.5 (sqrt (* -4.0 re)))
               (if (<= re -1.22e-101)
                 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re))))
                 (if (<= re 9e+164)
                   (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 im)))
                   (* 0.5 (sqrt (* im (/ im re))))))))
            double code(double re, double im) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (re <= -5.4e+88) {
            		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((-4.0 * re));
            	} else if (re <= -1.22e-101) {
            		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) - re)));
            	} else if (re <= 9e+164) {
            		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * im));
            	} else {
            		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((im * (im / re)));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(re, im)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (re <= -5.4e+88)
            		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)));
            	elseif (re <= -1.22e-101)
            		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) - re))));
            	elseif (re <= 9e+164)
            		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * im)));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(im * Float64(im / re))));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -5.4e+88], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, -1.22e-101], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 9e+164], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(im * N[(im / re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -5.4 \cdot 10^{+88}:\\
            \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re}\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq -1.22 \cdot 10^{-101}:\\
            \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9 \cdot 10^{+164}:\\
            \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot im}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 4 regimes
            2. if re < -5.40000000000000031e88

              1. Initial program 17.1%

                \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f6484.2

                  \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{re}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites84.2%

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

              if -5.40000000000000031e88 < re < -1.2199999999999999e-101

              1. Initial program 79.4%

                \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lift-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
                2. lift-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                3. lift-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
                4. pow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{{im}^{2}}} - re\right)} \]
                5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, {im}^{2}\right)}} - re\right)} \]
                6. pow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
                7. lift-*.f6479.4

                  \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, \color{blue}{im \cdot im}\right)} - re\right)} \]
              4. Applied rewrites79.4%

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} - re\right)} \]

              if -1.2199999999999999e-101 < re < 8.9999999999999995e164

              1. Initial program 42.6%

                \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites71.2%

                  \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \]

                if 8.9999999999999995e164 < re

                1. Initial program 3.0%

                  \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{im}^{2}}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
                  2. pow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}} \]
                  3. lift-*.f6450.5

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites50.5%

                  \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}}} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}} \]
                  2. lift-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
                  3. associate-/l*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
                  5. lower-/.f6478.6

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \frac{im}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
                7. Applied rewrites78.6%

                  \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
              5. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
              6. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 6: 70.1% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -3.7 \cdot 10^{-24}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9 \cdot 10^{+164}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot im}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (re im)
               :precision binary64
               (if (<= re -3.7e-24)
                 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* -4.0 re)))
                 (if (<= re 9e+164)
                   (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 im)))
                   (* 0.5 (sqrt (* im (/ im re)))))))
              double code(double re, double im) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (re <= -3.7e-24) {
              		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((-4.0 * re));
              	} else if (re <= 9e+164) {
              		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * im));
              	} else {
              		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((im * (im / re)));
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              module fmin_fmax_functions
                  implicit none
                  private
                  public fmax
                  public fmin
              
                  interface fmax
                      module procedure fmax88
                      module procedure fmax44
                      module procedure fmax84
                      module procedure fmax48
                  end interface
                  interface fmin
                      module procedure fmin88
                      module procedure fmin44
                      module procedure fmin84
                      module procedure fmin48
                  end interface
              contains
                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
              end module
              
              real(8) function code(re, im)
              use fmin_fmax_functions
                  real(8), intent (in) :: re
                  real(8), intent (in) :: im
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  if (re <= (-3.7d-24)) then
                      tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re))
                  else if (re <= 9d+164) then
                      tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * im))
                  else
                      tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((im * (im / re)))
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double re, double im) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (re <= -3.7e-24) {
              		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re));
              	} else if (re <= 9e+164) {
              		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * im));
              	} else {
              		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((im * (im / re)));
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(re, im):
              	tmp = 0
              	if re <= -3.7e-24:
              		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((-4.0 * re))
              	elif re <= 9e+164:
              		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * im))
              	else:
              		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((im * (im / re)))
              	return tmp
              
              function code(re, im)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (re <= -3.7e-24)
              		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)));
              	elseif (re <= 9e+164)
              		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * im)));
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(im * Float64(im / re))));
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if (re <= -3.7e-24)
              		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((-4.0 * re));
              	elseif (re <= 9e+164)
              		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * im));
              	else
              		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((im * (im / re)));
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -3.7e-24], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 9e+164], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(im * N[(im / re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -3.7 \cdot 10^{-24}:\\
              \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re}\\
              
              \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9 \cdot 10^{+164}:\\
              \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot im}\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 3 regimes
              2. if re < -3.69999999999999981e-24

                1. Initial program 35.3%

                  \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-*.f6477.2

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{re}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites77.2%

                  \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

                if -3.69999999999999981e-24 < re < 8.9999999999999995e164

                1. Initial program 47.6%

                  \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites71.2%

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \]

                  if 8.9999999999999995e164 < re

                  1. Initial program 3.0%

                    \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{im}^{2}}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
                    2. pow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}} \]
                    3. lift-*.f6450.5

                      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites50.5%

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}}} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{re}} \]
                    2. lift-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
                    3. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
                    5. lower-/.f6478.6

                      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \frac{im}{\color{blue}{re}}} \]
                  7. Applied rewrites78.6%

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{im \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
                5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                6. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 7: 64.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -3.7 \cdot 10^{-24}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot im}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (re im)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (<= re -3.7e-24) (* 0.5 (sqrt (* -4.0 re))) (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 im)))))
                double code(double re, double im) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (re <= -3.7e-24) {
                		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((-4.0 * re));
                	} else {
                		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * im));
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                module fmin_fmax_functions
                    implicit none
                    private
                    public fmax
                    public fmin
                
                    interface fmax
                        module procedure fmax88
                        module procedure fmax44
                        module procedure fmax84
                        module procedure fmax48
                    end interface
                    interface fmin
                        module procedure fmin88
                        module procedure fmin44
                        module procedure fmin84
                        module procedure fmin48
                    end interface
                contains
                    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                    end function
                end module
                
                real(8) function code(re, im)
                use fmin_fmax_functions
                    real(8), intent (in) :: re
                    real(8), intent (in) :: im
                    real(8) :: tmp
                    if (re <= (-3.7d-24)) then
                        tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re))
                    else
                        tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * im))
                    end if
                    code = tmp
                end function
                
                public static double code(double re, double im) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (re <= -3.7e-24) {
                		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re));
                	} else {
                		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * im));
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                def code(re, im):
                	tmp = 0
                	if re <= -3.7e-24:
                		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((-4.0 * re))
                	else:
                		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * im))
                	return tmp
                
                function code(re, im)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (re <= -3.7e-24)
                		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)));
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * im)));
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
                	tmp = 0.0;
                	if (re <= -3.7e-24)
                		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((-4.0 * re));
                	else
                		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * im));
                	end
                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                end
                
                code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -3.7e-24], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -3.7 \cdot 10^{-24}:\\
                \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re}\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot im}\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if re < -3.69999999999999981e-24

                  1. Initial program 35.3%

                    \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-*.f6477.2

                      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{re}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites77.2%

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

                  if -3.69999999999999981e-24 < re

                  1. Initial program 42.1%

                    \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites63.9%

                      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \]
                  5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  6. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 8: 26.5% accurate, 2.2× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* -4.0 re))))
                  double code(double re, double im) {
                  	return 0.5 * sqrt((-4.0 * re));
                  }
                  
                  module fmin_fmax_functions
                      implicit none
                      private
                      public fmax
                      public fmin
                  
                      interface fmax
                          module procedure fmax88
                          module procedure fmax44
                          module procedure fmax84
                          module procedure fmax48
                      end interface
                      interface fmin
                          module procedure fmin88
                          module procedure fmin44
                          module procedure fmin84
                          module procedure fmin48
                      end interface
                  contains
                      real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                  end module
                  
                  real(8) function code(re, im)
                  use fmin_fmax_functions
                      real(8), intent (in) :: re
                      real(8), intent (in) :: im
                      code = 0.5d0 * sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re))
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double re, double im) {
                  	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re));
                  }
                  
                  def code(re, im):
                  	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((-4.0 * re))
                  
                  function code(re, im)
                  	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)))
                  end
                  
                  function tmp = code(re, im)
                  	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((-4.0 * re));
                  end
                  
                  code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot re}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 40.0%

                    \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-*.f6426.9

                      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{re}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites26.9%

                    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
                  6. Add Preprocessing

                  Reproduce

                  ?
                  herbie shell --seed 2025050 
                  (FPCore (re im)
                    :name "math.sqrt on complex, imaginary part, im greater than 0 branch"
                    :precision binary64
                    :pre (> im 0.0)
                    (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))