1/2(abs(p)+abs(r) + sqrt((p-r)^2 + 4q^2))

Percentage Accurate: 45.8% → 82.4%
Time: 3.9s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 35.6×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (p r q)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (/ 1.0 2.0)
  (+ (+ (fabs p) (fabs r)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- p r) 2.0) (* 4.0 (pow q 2.0)))))))
double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((fabs(p) + fabs(r)) + sqrt((pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(p, r, q)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: p
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: q
    code = (1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (q ** 2.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((Math.abs(p) + Math.abs(r)) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * Math.pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
def code(p, r, q):
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((math.fabs(p) + math.fabs(r)) + math.sqrt((math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * math.pow(q, 2.0)))))
function code(p, r, q)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * Float64(Float64(abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(p - r) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * (q ^ 2.0))))))
end
function tmp = code(p, r, q)
	tmp = (1.0 / 2.0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (q ^ 2.0)))));
end
code[p_, r_, q_] := N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(p - r), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Power[q, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 45.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (p r q)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (/ 1.0 2.0)
  (+ (+ (fabs p) (fabs r)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- p r) 2.0) (* 4.0 (pow q 2.0)))))))
double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((fabs(p) + fabs(r)) + sqrt((pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(p, r, q)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: p
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: q
    code = (1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (q ** 2.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((Math.abs(p) + Math.abs(r)) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * Math.pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
def code(p, r, q):
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((math.fabs(p) + math.fabs(r)) + math.sqrt((math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * math.pow(q, 2.0)))))
function code(p, r, q)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * Float64(Float64(abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(p - r) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * (q ^ 2.0))))))
end
function tmp = code(p, r, q)
	tmp = (1.0 / 2.0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (q ^ 2.0)))));
end
code[p_, r_, q_] := N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(p - r), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Power[q, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 82.4% accurate, 10.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\\ \mathbf{if}\;q\_m \leq 2.4 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (p r q_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (fabs r) (fabs p))))
   (if (<= q_m 2.4e+106) (* (+ t_0 (- r p)) 0.5) (fma t_0 0.5 q_m))))
q_m = fabs(q);
assert(p < r && r < q_m);
double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
	double t_0 = fabs(r) + fabs(p);
	double tmp;
	if (q_m <= 2.4e+106) {
		tmp = (t_0 + (r - p)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t_0, 0.5, q_m);
	}
	return tmp;
}
q_m = abs(q)
p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
function code(p, r, q_m)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(r) + abs(p))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (q_m <= 2.4e+106)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 + Float64(r - p)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = fma(t_0, 0.5, q_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[q$95$m, 2.4e+106], N[(N[(t$95$0 + N[(r - p), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 * 0.5 + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
q_m = \left|q\right|
\\
[p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\\
\mathbf{if}\;q\_m \leq 2.4 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if q < 2.4000000000000001e106

    1. Initial program 46.4%

      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      4. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{r}{p} + \color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r}{p} \cdot -1 + 1\right)\right) \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, \color{blue}{-1}, 1\right)\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f6430.9

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites30.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - 1 \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      4. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      6. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      8. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      9. fabs-mulN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1 \cdot p\right|\right)\right) \]
      10. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right|\right)\right) \]
      11. neg-fabsN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      12. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      14. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      16. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
      17. lower--.f6436.9

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites36.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right)} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      5. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      6. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left|p\right|} + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      7. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left|r\right|}\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      8. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      9. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      10. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      11. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      12. metadata-eval36.9

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]
    10. Applied rewrites36.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5} \]

    if 2.4000000000000001e106 < q

    1. Initial program 13.9%

      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      4. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{r}{p} + \color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r}{p} \cdot -1 + 1\right)\right) \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, \color{blue}{-1}, 1\right)\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f649.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites9.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - 1 \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      4. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      6. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      8. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      9. fabs-mulN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1 \cdot p\right|\right)\right) \]
      10. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right|\right)\right) \]
      11. neg-fabsN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      12. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      14. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      16. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
      17. lower--.f6411.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites11.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
    9. Taylor expanded in q around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}}{q}\right) \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
    11. Applied rewrites79.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
    12. Taylor expanded in q around 0

      \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
    13. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + q \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + q \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      5. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      6. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      7. lift-+.f6479.2

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, 0.5, q\right) \]
    14. Applied rewrites79.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \color{blue}{0.5}, q\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 62.2% accurate, 9.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\\ \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{+163}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 + \left(-p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;p \leq -8.6 \cdot 10^{-250}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;r\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (p r q_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (fabs r) (fabs p))))
   (if (<= p -1.4e+163)
     (* (+ t_0 (- p)) 0.5)
     (if (<= p -8.6e-250) (fma t_0 0.5 q_m) r))))
q_m = fabs(q);
assert(p < r && r < q_m);
double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
	double t_0 = fabs(r) + fabs(p);
	double tmp;
	if (p <= -1.4e+163) {
		tmp = (t_0 + -p) * 0.5;
	} else if (p <= -8.6e-250) {
		tmp = fma(t_0, 0.5, q_m);
	} else {
		tmp = r;
	}
	return tmp;
}
q_m = abs(q)
p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
function code(p, r, q_m)
	t_0 = Float64(abs(r) + abs(p))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (p <= -1.4e+163)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 + Float64(-p)) * 0.5);
	elseif (p <= -8.6e-250)
		tmp = fma(t_0, 0.5, q_m);
	else
		tmp = r;
	end
	return tmp
end
q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[p, -1.4e+163], N[(N[(t$95$0 + (-p)), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[p, -8.6e-250], N[(t$95$0 * 0.5 + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision], r]]]
\begin{array}{l}
q_m = \left|q\right|
\\
[p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\\
\mathbf{if}\;p \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{+163}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 + \left(-p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{elif}\;p \leq -8.6 \cdot 10^{-250}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;r\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if p < -1.40000000000000007e163

    1. Initial program 6.7%

      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      4. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{r}{p} + \color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r}{p} \cdot -1 + 1\right)\right) \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, \color{blue}{-1}, 1\right)\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f6496.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - 1 \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      4. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      6. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      8. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      9. fabs-mulN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1 \cdot p\right|\right)\right) \]
      10. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right|\right)\right) \]
      11. neg-fabsN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      12. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      14. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      16. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
      17. lower--.f6496.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites96.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right)} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      5. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      6. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left|p\right|} + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      7. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left|r\right|}\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      8. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      9. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      10. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      11. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      12. metadata-eval96.2

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]
    10. Applied rewrites96.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5} \]
    11. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
    12. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      2. lower-neg.f6492.6

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \left(-p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5 \]
    13. Applied rewrites92.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right)}\right) \cdot 0.5 \]

    if -1.40000000000000007e163 < p < -8.60000000000000009e-250

    1. Initial program 54.2%

      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
      4. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{r}{p} + \color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r}{p} \cdot -1 + 1\right)\right) \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, \color{blue}{-1}, 1\right)\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f6437.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites37.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)}\right) \]
    6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
      2. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - 1 \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot p\right)\right) \]
      4. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      6. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      8. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      9. fabs-mulN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1 \cdot p\right|\right)\right) \]
      10. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right|\right)\right) \]
      11. neg-fabsN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
      12. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
      14. sqrt-pow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
      16. unpow1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
      17. lower--.f6443.9

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites43.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
    9. Taylor expanded in q around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}}{q}\right) \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
    11. Applied rewrites30.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
    12. Taylor expanded in q around 0

      \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
    13. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + q \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + q \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      5. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      6. lift-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
      7. lift-+.f6431.9

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, 0.5, q\right) \]
    14. Applied rewrites31.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \color{blue}{0.5}, q\right) \]

    if -8.60000000000000009e-250 < p

    1. Initial program 39.2%

      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right) \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
      5. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2}\right) \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites10.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + p\right) + r}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

      \[\leadsto r \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites16.5%

        \[\leadsto r \]
    8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 62.2% accurate, 9.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{+163}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(-p\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;p \leq -8.6 \cdot 10^{-250}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;r\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
    NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (p r q_m)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= p -1.4e+163)
       (* 0.5 (+ (fabs p) (- p)))
       (if (<= p -8.6e-250) (fma (+ (fabs r) (fabs p)) 0.5 q_m) r)))
    q_m = fabs(q);
    assert(p < r && r < q_m);
    double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (p <= -1.4e+163) {
    		tmp = 0.5 * (fabs(p) + -p);
    	} else if (p <= -8.6e-250) {
    		tmp = fma((fabs(r) + fabs(p)), 0.5, q_m);
    	} else {
    		tmp = r;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    q_m = abs(q)
    p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
    function code(p, r, q_m)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (p <= -1.4e+163)
    		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(abs(p) + Float64(-p)));
    	elseif (p <= -8.6e-250)
    		tmp = fma(Float64(abs(r) + abs(p)), 0.5, q_m);
    	else
    		tmp = r;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
    NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[p, -1.4e+163], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision] + (-p)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[p, -8.6e-250], N[(N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision], r]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    q_m = \left|q\right|
    \\
    [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{+163}:\\
    \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(-p\right)\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;p \leq -8.6 \cdot 10^{-250}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;r\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if p < -1.40000000000000007e163

      1. Initial program 6.7%

        \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in r around inf

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{r}\right) \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites22.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{r}\right) \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
          2. metadata-eval22.0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
        3. Applied rewrites22.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right)} \]
          2. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} + r\right) \]
          3. lift-fabs.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left|p\right|} + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
          4. lift-fabs.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left|r\right|}\right) + r\right) \]
          5. associate-+l+N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right)} \]
          6. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right)} \]
          7. lift-fabs.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left|p\right|} + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right) \]
          8. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + r\right)}\right) \]
          9. lift-fabs.f6422.0

            \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + r\right)\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites22.0%

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right)} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right) \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right)\right) \]
          2. lower-neg.f6492.2

            \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(-p\right)\right) \]
        8. Applied rewrites92.2%

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right)}\right) \]

        if -1.40000000000000007e163 < p < -8.60000000000000009e-250

        1. Initial program 54.2%

          \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right)}\right) \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
          2. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)}\right) \]
          4. lower-neg.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + -1 \cdot \frac{r}{p}\right)\right) \]
          5. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{r}{p} + \color{blue}{1}\right)\right) \]
          6. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r}{p} \cdot -1 + 1\right)\right) \]
          7. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, \color{blue}{-1}, 1\right)\right) \]
          8. lower-/.f6437.5

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites37.5%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{p}, -1, 1\right)}\right) \]
        6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
          2. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - 1 \cdot p\right)\right) \]
          3. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot p\right)\right) \]
          4. unpow1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
          5. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}\right)\right) \]
          6. sqrt-pow1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
          8. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1\right| \cdot \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
          9. fabs-mulN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|-1 \cdot p\right|\right)\right) \]
          10. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right|\right)\right) \]
          11. neg-fabsN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \left|p\right|\right)\right) \]
          12. rem-sqrt-square-revN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{p \cdot p}\right)\right) \]
          13. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \sqrt{{p}^{2}}\right)\right) \]
          14. sqrt-pow1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{\left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{2}}\right)}\right)\right) \]
          15. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - {p}^{1}\right)\right) \]
          16. unpow1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
          17. lower--.f6443.9

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - p\right)\right) \]
        8. Applied rewrites43.9%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \left(r - \color{blue}{p}\right)\right) \]
        9. Taylor expanded in q around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
        10. Step-by-step derivation
          1. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}}{q}\right) \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
        11. Applied rewrites30.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
        12. Taylor expanded in q around 0

          \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
        13. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + q \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + q \]
          3. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
          4. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
          5. lift-fabs.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
          6. lift-fabs.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
          7. lift-+.f6431.9

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, 0.5, q\right) \]
        14. Applied rewrites31.9%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, \color{blue}{0.5}, q\right) \]

        if -8.60000000000000009e-250 < p

        1. Initial program 39.2%

          \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right) \]
          2. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
          3. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
          5. lower-neg.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
          6. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2}\right) \]
          8. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites10.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + p\right) + r}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right)} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

          \[\leadsto r \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites16.5%

            \[\leadsto r \]
        8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 60.6% accurate, 13.1× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+151}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(-p\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;p \leq -8.6 \cdot 10^{-250}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(r, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;r\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
        NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        (FPCore (p r q_m)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= p -3.4e+151)
           (* 0.5 (+ (fabs p) (- p)))
           (if (<= p -8.6e-250) (fma r 0.5 q_m) r)))
        q_m = fabs(q);
        assert(p < r && r < q_m);
        double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (p <= -3.4e+151) {
        		tmp = 0.5 * (fabs(p) + -p);
        	} else if (p <= -8.6e-250) {
        		tmp = fma(r, 0.5, q_m);
        	} else {
        		tmp = r;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        q_m = abs(q)
        p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
        function code(p, r, q_m)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (p <= -3.4e+151)
        		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(abs(p) + Float64(-p)));
        	elseif (p <= -8.6e-250)
        		tmp = fma(r, 0.5, q_m);
        	else
        		tmp = r;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
        NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[p, -3.4e+151], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision] + (-p)), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[p, -8.6e-250], N[(r * 0.5 + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision], r]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        q_m = \left|q\right|
        \\
        [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+151}:\\
        \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(-p\right)\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;p \leq -8.6 \cdot 10^{-250}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(r, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;r\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 3 regimes
        2. if p < -3.4e151

          1. Initial program 10.3%

            \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in r around inf

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{r}\right) \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites20.7%

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{r}\right) \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
              2. metadata-eval20.7

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
            3. Applied rewrites20.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right)} \]
              2. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} + r\right) \]
              3. lift-fabs.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left|p\right|} + \left|r\right|\right) + r\right) \]
              4. lift-fabs.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left|r\right|}\right) + r\right) \]
              5. associate-+l+N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right)} \]
              6. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right)} \]
              7. lift-fabs.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left|p\right|} + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right) \]
              8. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + r\right)}\right) \]
              9. lift-fabs.f6420.7

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + r\right)\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites20.7%

              \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right)} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot p}\right) \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. mul-1-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right)\right) \]
              2. lower-neg.f6485.9

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left(-p\right)\right) \]
            8. Applied rewrites85.9%

              \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \color{blue}{\left(-p\right)}\right) \]

            if -3.4e151 < p < -8.60000000000000009e-250

            1. Initial program 54.8%

              \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}}{q}\right) \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
            5. Applied rewrites26.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + p}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in q around 0

              \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(p + r\right)} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto q + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(p + r\right) \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(p + r\right) + q \]
              3. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(r + p\right) + q \]
              4. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(r + p\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + q \]
              5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2}}, q\right) \]
              6. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
              7. metadata-eval27.4

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, 0.5, q\right) \]
            8. Applied rewrites27.4%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, \color{blue}{0.5}, q\right) \]
            9. Taylor expanded in p around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites27.9%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r, 0.5, q\right) \]

              if -8.60000000000000009e-250 < p

              1. Initial program 39.2%

                \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right) \]
                2. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                3. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                5. lower-neg.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                6. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \]
                7. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2}\right) \]
                8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites10.4%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + p\right) + r}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right)} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

                \[\leadsto r \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites16.5%

                  \[\leadsto r \]
              8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
              9. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 5: 54.9% accurate, 19.2× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;r \leq 5.6 \cdot 10^{+72}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(r, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;r\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
              NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              (FPCore (p r q_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= r 5.6e+72) (fma r 0.5 q_m) r))
              q_m = fabs(q);
              assert(p < r && r < q_m);
              double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (r <= 5.6e+72) {
              		tmp = fma(r, 0.5, q_m);
              	} else {
              		tmp = r;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              q_m = abs(q)
              p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
              function code(p, r, q_m)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (r <= 5.6e+72)
              		tmp = fma(r, 0.5, q_m);
              	else
              		tmp = r;
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
              NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[r, 5.6e+72], N[(r * 0.5 + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision], r]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              q_m = \left|q\right|
              \\
              [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;r \leq 5.6 \cdot 10^{+72}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(r, 0.5, q\_m\right)\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;r\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if r < 5.5999999999999998e72

                1. Initial program 46.4%

                  \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}}{q}\right) \]
                  2. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{q} \]
                5. Applied rewrites20.4%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + p}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in q around 0

                  \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(p + r\right)} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto q + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(p + r\right) \]
                  2. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(p + r\right) + q \]
                  3. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(r + p\right) + q \]
                  4. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(r + p\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} + q \]
                  5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2}}, q\right) \]
                  6. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
                  7. metadata-eval21.4

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, 0.5, q\right) \]
                8. Applied rewrites21.4%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r + p, \color{blue}{0.5}, q\right) \]
                9. Taylor expanded in p around 0

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r, \frac{1}{2}, q\right) \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites18.6%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(r, 0.5, q\right) \]

                  if 5.5999999999999998e72 < r

                  1. Initial program 21.4%

                    \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right)} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right) \]
                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                    3. mul-1-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                    5. lower-neg.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                    6. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \]
                    7. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2}\right) \]
                    8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites38.8%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + p\right) + r}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right)} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

                    \[\leadsto r \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites66.4%

                      \[\leadsto r \]
                  8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  9. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 6: 53.9% accurate, 35.6× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;r \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;q\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;r\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                  NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                  (FPCore (p r q_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= r 3.1e-5) q_m r))
                  q_m = fabs(q);
                  assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                  double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (r <= 3.1e-5) {
                  		tmp = q_m;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = r;
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  q_m =     private
                  NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                  module fmin_fmax_functions
                      implicit none
                      private
                      public fmax
                      public fmin
                  
                      interface fmax
                          module procedure fmax88
                          module procedure fmax44
                          module procedure fmax84
                          module procedure fmax48
                      end interface
                      interface fmin
                          module procedure fmin88
                          module procedure fmin44
                          module procedure fmin84
                          module procedure fmin48
                      end interface
                  contains
                      real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                  end module
                  
                  real(8) function code(p, r, q_m)
                  use fmin_fmax_functions
                      real(8), intent (in) :: p
                      real(8), intent (in) :: r
                      real(8), intent (in) :: q_m
                      real(8) :: tmp
                      if (r <= 3.1d-5) then
                          tmp = q_m
                      else
                          tmp = r
                      end if
                      code = tmp
                  end function
                  
                  q_m = Math.abs(q);
                  assert p < r && r < q_m;
                  public static double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (r <= 3.1e-5) {
                  		tmp = q_m;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = r;
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  q_m = math.fabs(q)
                  [p, r, q_m] = sort([p, r, q_m])
                  def code(p, r, q_m):
                  	tmp = 0
                  	if r <= 3.1e-5:
                  		tmp = q_m
                  	else:
                  		tmp = r
                  	return tmp
                  
                  q_m = abs(q)
                  p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                  function code(p, r, q_m)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (r <= 3.1e-5)
                  		tmp = q_m;
                  	else
                  		tmp = r;
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  q_m = abs(q);
                  p, r, q_m = num2cell(sort([p, r, q_m])){:}
                  function tmp_2 = code(p, r, q_m)
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  	if (r <= 3.1e-5)
                  		tmp = q_m;
                  	else
                  		tmp = r;
                  	end
                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                  end
                  
                  q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                  NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                  code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[r, 3.1e-5], q$95$m, r]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  q_m = \left|q\right|
                  \\
                  [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  \mathbf{if}\;r \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;q\_m\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;r\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if r < 3.10000000000000014e-5

                    1. Initial program 45.4%

                      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites18.8%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q} \]

                      if 3.10000000000000014e-5 < r

                      1. Initial program 30.2%

                        \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right) \]
                        2. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                        3. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                        5. lower-neg.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                        6. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \]
                        7. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} \cdot \frac{-1}{2} + \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2}\right) \]
                        8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites36.4%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + p\right) + r}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right)} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

                        \[\leadsto r \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites57.8%

                          \[\leadsto r \]
                      8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      9. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 7: 35.2% accurate, 250.0× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ q\_m \end{array} \]
                      q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                      NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      (FPCore (p r q_m) :precision binary64 q_m)
                      q_m = fabs(q);
                      assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                      double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                      	return q_m;
                      }
                      
                      q_m =     private
                      NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      module fmin_fmax_functions
                          implicit none
                          private
                          public fmax
                          public fmin
                      
                          interface fmax
                              module procedure fmax88
                              module procedure fmax44
                              module procedure fmax84
                              module procedure fmax48
                          end interface
                          interface fmin
                              module procedure fmin88
                              module procedure fmin44
                              module procedure fmin84
                              module procedure fmin48
                          end interface
                      contains
                          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                      end module
                      
                      real(8) function code(p, r, q_m)
                      use fmin_fmax_functions
                          real(8), intent (in) :: p
                          real(8), intent (in) :: r
                          real(8), intent (in) :: q_m
                          code = q_m
                      end function
                      
                      q_m = Math.abs(q);
                      assert p < r && r < q_m;
                      public static double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                      	return q_m;
                      }
                      
                      q_m = math.fabs(q)
                      [p, r, q_m] = sort([p, r, q_m])
                      def code(p, r, q_m):
                      	return q_m
                      
                      q_m = abs(q)
                      p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                      function code(p, r, q_m)
                      	return q_m
                      end
                      
                      q_m = abs(q);
                      p, r, q_m = num2cell(sort([p, r, q_m])){:}
                      function tmp = code(p, r, q_m)
                      	tmp = q_m;
                      end
                      
                      q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                      NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := q$95$m
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      q_m = \left|q\right|
                      \\
                      [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                      \\
                      q\_m
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 41.4%

                        \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites17.6%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing

                        Reproduce

                        ?
                        herbie shell --seed 2025037 
                        (FPCore (p r q)
                          :name "1/2(abs(p)+abs(r) + sqrt((p-r)^2 + 4q^2))"
                          :precision binary64
                          (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (+ (+ (fabs p) (fabs r)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- p r) 2.0) (* 4.0 (pow q 2.0)))))))