Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)

Percentage Accurate: 24.3% → 55.5%
Time: 11.0s
Alternatives: 3
Speedup: 7.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 3 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 55.5% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{w + w} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)}{w \cdot 2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (if (<=
        (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))
        INFINITY)
     (* (/ c0 (+ w w)) (/ (* 2.0 (* (* c0 d) d)) (* (* (* h w) D) D)))
     (/ (* c0 (- 0.0)) (* w 2.0)))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = (c0 / (w + w)) * ((2.0 * ((c0 * d) * d)) / (((h * w) * D) * D));
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	double tmp;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = (c0 / (w + w)) * ((2.0 * ((c0 * d) * d)) / (((h * w) * D) * D));
	} else {
		tmp = (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	tmp = 0
	if ((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= math.inf:
		tmp = (c0 / (w + w)) * ((2.0 * ((c0 * d) * d)) / (((h * w) * D) * D))
	else:
		tmp = (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0)
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(w + w)) * Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(c0 * d) * d)) / Float64(Float64(Float64(h * w) * D) * D)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(-0.0)) / Float64(w * 2.0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))) <= Inf)
		tmp = (c0 / (w + w)) * ((2.0 * ((c0 * d) * d)) / (((h * w) * D) * D));
	else
		tmp = (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(c0 / N[(w + w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[(c0 * d), $MachinePrecision] * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision] * D), $MachinePrecision] * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c0 * (-0.0)), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0}{w + w} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)}{w \cdot 2}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 76.1%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c0 around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites73.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D}} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites77.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot \color{blue}{D}\right) \cdot D} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot w}} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D} \]
          2. count-2-revN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{w + w}} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D} \]
          3. lift-+.f6477.1

            \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{w + w}} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D} \]
        3. Applied rewrites77.1%

          \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{w + w}} \cdot \frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D} \]

        if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

        1. Initial program 0.0%

          \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

          \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites4.1%

            \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D}\right) \cdot c0\right)} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in c0 around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites37.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right)} \]
            3. Applied rewrites45.3%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)}{w \cdot 2}} \]
          4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 2: 33.5% accurate, 6.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)}{w \cdot 2} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 (/ (* c0 (- 0.0)) (* w 2.0)))
          double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
          	return (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0);
          }
          
          module fmin_fmax_functions
              implicit none
              private
              public fmax
              public fmin
          
              interface fmax
                  module procedure fmax88
                  module procedure fmax44
                  module procedure fmax84
                  module procedure fmax48
              end interface
              interface fmin
                  module procedure fmin88
                  module procedure fmin44
                  module procedure fmin84
                  module procedure fmin48
              end interface
          contains
              real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
          end module
          
          real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
          use fmin_fmax_functions
              real(8), intent (in) :: c0
              real(8), intent (in) :: w
              real(8), intent (in) :: h
              real(8), intent (in) :: d
              real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
              real(8), intent (in) :: m
              code = (c0 * -0.0d0) / (w * 2.0d0)
          end function
          
          public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
          	return (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0);
          }
          
          def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
          	return (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0)
          
          function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
          	return Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(-0.0)) / Float64(w * 2.0))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
          	tmp = (c0 * -0.0) / (w * 2.0);
          end
          
          code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := N[(N[(c0 * (-0.0)), $MachinePrecision] / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)}{w \cdot 2}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 23.8%

            \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

            \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites5.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D}\right) \cdot c0\right)} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in c0 around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites30.1%

                \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lift-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right)} \]
              3. Applied rewrites35.3%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(-0\right)}{w \cdot 2}} \]
              4. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 3: 29.2% accurate, 7.1× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c0}{w + w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 (* (/ c0 (+ w w)) (- 0.0)))
              double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
              	return (c0 / (w + w)) * -0.0;
              }
              
              module fmin_fmax_functions
                  implicit none
                  private
                  public fmax
                  public fmin
              
                  interface fmax
                      module procedure fmax88
                      module procedure fmax44
                      module procedure fmax84
                      module procedure fmax48
                  end interface
                  interface fmin
                      module procedure fmin88
                      module procedure fmin44
                      module procedure fmin84
                      module procedure fmin48
                  end interface
              contains
                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
              end module
              
              real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
              use fmin_fmax_functions
                  real(8), intent (in) :: c0
                  real(8), intent (in) :: w
                  real(8), intent (in) :: h
                  real(8), intent (in) :: d
                  real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
                  real(8), intent (in) :: m
                  code = (c0 / (w + w)) * -0.0d0
              end function
              
              public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
              	return (c0 / (w + w)) * -0.0;
              }
              
              def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
              	return (c0 / (w + w)) * -0.0
              
              function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
              	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(w + w)) * Float64(-0.0))
              end
              
              function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
              	tmp = (c0 / (w + w)) * -0.0;
              end
              
              code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := N[(N[(c0 / N[(w + w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-0.0)), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \frac{c0}{w + w} \cdot \left(-0\right)
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 23.8%

                \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

                \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites5.8%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(0 \cdot \frac{d \cdot d}{\left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D}\right) \cdot c0\right)} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in c0 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites30.1%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot w}} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
                    2. count-2-revN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{w + w}} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
                    3. lower-+.f6430.1

                      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{w + w}} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
                  3. Applied rewrites30.1%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{w + w}} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
                  4. Final simplification30.1%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{w + w} \cdot \left(-0\right) \]
                  5. Add Preprocessing

                  Reproduce

                  ?
                  herbie shell --seed 2025026 
                  (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
                    :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)"
                    :precision binary64
                    (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (sqrt (- (* (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))) (* M M))))))