Linear.V3:$cdot from linear-1.19.1.3, B

Percentage Accurate: 97.8% → 99.0%
Time: 2.4s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* x y) (* z t)) (* a b)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b)
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + Float64(z * t)) + Float64(a * b))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b);
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 97.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* x y) (* z t)) (* a b)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b)
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + Float64(z * t)) + Float64(a * b))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((x * y) + (z * t)) + (a * b);
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.0% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (fma y x (fma b a (* t z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return fma(y, x, fma(b, a, (t * z)));
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return fma(y, x, fma(b, a, Float64(t * z)))
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(y * x + N[(b * a + N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.4%

    \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b} \]
    2. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right)} + a \cdot b \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot b} \]
    5. associate-+l+N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + \left(z \cdot t + a \cdot b\right)} \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \left(\color{blue}{z \cdot t} + a \cdot b\right) \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \left(\color{blue}{t \cdot z} + a \cdot b\right) \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot x} + \left(t \cdot z + a \cdot b\right) \]
    9. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto y \cdot x + \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot b + t \cdot z\right)} \]
    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, a \cdot b + t \cdot z\right)} \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \color{blue}{b \cdot a} + t \cdot z\right) \]
    12. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, \color{blue}{t \cdot z}\right)\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 55.0% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+50}:\\ \;\;\;\;b \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \cdot b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-27}:\\ \;\;\;\;t \cdot z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \cdot b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+79}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;b \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (* a b) -1e+50)
   (* b a)
   (if (<= (* a b) 5e-27) (* t z) (if (<= (* a b) 5e+79) (* y x) (* b a)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a * b) <= -1e+50) {
		tmp = b * a;
	} else if ((a * b) <= 5e-27) {
		tmp = t * z;
	} else if ((a * b) <= 5e+79) {
		tmp = y * x;
	} else {
		tmp = b * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((a * b) <= (-1d+50)) then
        tmp = b * a
    else if ((a * b) <= 5d-27) then
        tmp = t * z
    else if ((a * b) <= 5d+79) then
        tmp = y * x
    else
        tmp = b * a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a * b) <= -1e+50) {
		tmp = b * a;
	} else if ((a * b) <= 5e-27) {
		tmp = t * z;
	} else if ((a * b) <= 5e+79) {
		tmp = y * x;
	} else {
		tmp = b * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if (a * b) <= -1e+50:
		tmp = b * a
	elif (a * b) <= 5e-27:
		tmp = t * z
	elif (a * b) <= 5e+79:
		tmp = y * x
	else:
		tmp = b * a
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(a * b) <= -1e+50)
		tmp = Float64(b * a);
	elseif (Float64(a * b) <= 5e-27)
		tmp = Float64(t * z);
	elseif (Float64(a * b) <= 5e+79)
		tmp = Float64(y * x);
	else
		tmp = Float64(b * a);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a * b) <= -1e+50)
		tmp = b * a;
	elseif ((a * b) <= 5e-27)
		tmp = t * z;
	elseif ((a * b) <= 5e+79)
		tmp = y * x;
	else
		tmp = b * a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision], -1e+50], N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision], 5e-27], N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision], 5e+79], N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision], N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \cdot b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+50}:\\
\;\;\;\;b \cdot a\\

\mathbf{elif}\;a \cdot b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-27}:\\
\;\;\;\;t \cdot z\\

\mathbf{elif}\;a \cdot b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+79}:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;b \cdot a\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 a b) < -1.0000000000000001e50 or 5e79 < (*.f64 a b)

    1. Initial program 97.0%

      \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot b} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites74.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{b \cdot a} \]

      if -1.0000000000000001e50 < (*.f64 a b) < 5.0000000000000002e-27

      1. Initial program 99.2%

        \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot z} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites52.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot z} \]

        if 5.0000000000000002e-27 < (*.f64 a b) < 5e79

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites51.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot x} \]
        5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 85.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+79} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+96}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, a \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y z t a b)
         :precision binary64
         (if (or (<= (* x y) -5e+79) (not (<= (* x y) 2e+96)))
           (fma y x (* a b))
           (fma b a (* t z))))
        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (((x * y) <= -5e+79) || !((x * y) <= 2e+96)) {
        		tmp = fma(y, x, (a * b));
        	} else {
        		tmp = fma(b, a, (t * z));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if ((Float64(x * y) <= -5e+79) || !(Float64(x * y) <= 2e+96))
        		tmp = fma(y, x, Float64(a * b));
        	else
        		tmp = fma(b, a, Float64(t * z));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision], -5e+79], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision], 2e+96]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(y * x + N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(b * a + N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+79} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+96}\right):\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, a \cdot b\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (*.f64 x y) < -5e79 or 2.0000000000000001e96 < (*.f64 x y)

          1. Initial program 96.5%

            \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b} \]
            2. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right)} + a \cdot b \]
            3. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
            4. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot b} \]
            5. associate-+l+N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y + \left(z \cdot t + a \cdot b\right)} \]
            6. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \left(\color{blue}{z \cdot t} + a \cdot b\right) \]
            7. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto x \cdot y + \left(\color{blue}{t \cdot z} + a \cdot b\right) \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot x} + \left(t \cdot z + a \cdot b\right) \]
            9. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto y \cdot x + \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot b + t \cdot z\right)} \]
            10. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, a \cdot b + t \cdot z\right)} \]
            11. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \color{blue}{b \cdot a} + t \cdot z\right) \]
            12. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)}\right) \]
            13. lower-*.f64100.0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, \color{blue}{t \cdot z}\right)\right) \]
          4. Applied rewrites100.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\right)} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in z around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \color{blue}{a \cdot b}\right) \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites87.6%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, \color{blue}{a \cdot b}\right) \]

            if -5e79 < (*.f64 x y) < 2.0000000000000001e96

            1. Initial program 99.4%

              \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot b + t \cdot z} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites90.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)} \]
            5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            6. Final simplification89.3%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+79} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+96}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, a \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\ \end{array} \]
            7. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 4: 85.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+79} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+96}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, y \cdot x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y z t a b)
             :precision binary64
             (if (or (<= (* x y) -5e+79) (not (<= (* x y) 2e+96)))
               (fma b a (* y x))
               (fma b a (* t z))))
            double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (((x * y) <= -5e+79) || !((x * y) <= 2e+96)) {
            		tmp = fma(b, a, (y * x));
            	} else {
            		tmp = fma(b, a, (t * z));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if ((Float64(x * y) <= -5e+79) || !(Float64(x * y) <= 2e+96))
            		tmp = fma(b, a, Float64(y * x));
            	else
            		tmp = fma(b, a, Float64(t * z));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision], -5e+79], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision], 2e+96]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(b * a + N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(b * a + N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+79} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+96}\right):\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, y \cdot x\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (*.f64 x y) < -5e79 or 2.0000000000000001e96 < (*.f64 x y)

              1. Initial program 96.5%

                \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot b + x \cdot y} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites85.3%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, y \cdot x\right)} \]

                if -5e79 < (*.f64 x y) < 2.0000000000000001e96

                1. Initial program 99.4%

                  \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot b + t \cdot z} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites90.1%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)} \]
                5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                6. Final simplification88.5%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+79} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+96}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, y \cdot x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                7. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 5: 80.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+183} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+253}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (x y z t a b)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (or (<= (* x y) -4e+183) (not (<= (* x y) 2e+253)))
                   (* y x)
                   (fma b a (* t z))))
                double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (((x * y) <= -4e+183) || !((x * y) <= 2e+253)) {
                		tmp = y * x;
                	} else {
                		tmp = fma(b, a, (t * z));
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if ((Float64(x * y) <= -4e+183) || !(Float64(x * y) <= 2e+253))
                		tmp = Float64(y * x);
                	else
                		tmp = fma(b, a, Float64(t * z));
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision], -4e+183], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision], 2e+253]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision], N[(b * a + N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+183} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+253}\right):\\
                \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if (*.f64 x y) < -3.99999999999999979e183 or 1.9999999999999999e253 < (*.f64 x y)

                  1. Initial program 93.6%

                    \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites87.5%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot x} \]

                    if -3.99999999999999979e183 < (*.f64 x y) < 1.9999999999999999e253

                    1. Initial program 99.5%

                      \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot b + t \cdot z} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites84.1%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)} \]
                    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    6. Final simplification84.8%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+183} \lor \neg \left(x \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+253}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, a, t \cdot z\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                    7. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 6: 54.7% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+50} \lor \neg \left(a \cdot b \leq 10^{-24}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;b \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t \cdot z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x y z t a b)
                     :precision binary64
                     (if (or (<= (* a b) -1e+50) (not (<= (* a b) 1e-24))) (* b a) (* t z)))
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (((a * b) <= -1e+50) || !((a * b) <= 1e-24)) {
                    		tmp = b * a;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t * z;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    module fmin_fmax_functions
                        implicit none
                        private
                        public fmax
                        public fmin
                    
                        interface fmax
                            module procedure fmax88
                            module procedure fmax44
                            module procedure fmax84
                            module procedure fmax48
                        end interface
                        interface fmin
                            module procedure fmin88
                            module procedure fmin44
                            module procedure fmin84
                            module procedure fmin48
                        end interface
                    contains
                        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                    end module
                    
                    real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                    use fmin_fmax_functions
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        real(8), intent (in) :: z
                        real(8), intent (in) :: t
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                        real(8) :: tmp
                        if (((a * b) <= (-1d+50)) .or. (.not. ((a * b) <= 1d-24))) then
                            tmp = b * a
                        else
                            tmp = t * z
                        end if
                        code = tmp
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (((a * b) <= -1e+50) || !((a * b) <= 1e-24)) {
                    		tmp = b * a;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t * z;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
                    	tmp = 0
                    	if ((a * b) <= -1e+50) or not ((a * b) <= 1e-24):
                    		tmp = b * a
                    	else:
                    		tmp = t * z
                    	return tmp
                    
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if ((Float64(a * b) <= -1e+50) || !(Float64(a * b) <= 1e-24))
                    		tmp = Float64(b * a);
                    	else
                    		tmp = Float64(t * z);
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                    	tmp = 0.0;
                    	if (((a * b) <= -1e+50) || ~(((a * b) <= 1e-24)))
                    		tmp = b * a;
                    	else
                    		tmp = t * z;
                    	end
                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                    end
                    
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision], -1e+50], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision], 1e-24]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+50} \lor \neg \left(a \cdot b \leq 10^{-24}\right):\\
                    \;\;\;\;b \cdot a\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t \cdot z\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if (*.f64 a b) < -1.0000000000000001e50 or 9.99999999999999924e-25 < (*.f64 a b)

                      1. Initial program 97.5%

                        \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot b} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites66.8%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{b \cdot a} \]

                        if -1.0000000000000001e50 < (*.f64 a b) < 9.99999999999999924e-25

                        1. Initial program 99.3%

                          \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot z} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites52.0%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot z} \]
                        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        6. Final simplification58.9%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \cdot b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+50} \lor \neg \left(a \cdot b \leq 10^{-24}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;b \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t \cdot z\\ \end{array} \]
                        7. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 7: 36.0% accurate, 3.7× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ b \cdot a \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (* b a))
                        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
                        	return b * a;
                        }
                        
                        module fmin_fmax_functions
                            implicit none
                            private
                            public fmax
                            public fmin
                        
                            interface fmax
                                module procedure fmax88
                                module procedure fmax44
                                module procedure fmax84
                                module procedure fmax48
                            end interface
                            interface fmin
                                module procedure fmin88
                                module procedure fmin44
                                module procedure fmin84
                                module procedure fmin48
                            end interface
                        contains
                            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                        end module
                        
                        real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                        use fmin_fmax_functions
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            real(8), intent (in) :: z
                            real(8), intent (in) :: t
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                            code = b * a
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
                        	return b * a;
                        }
                        
                        def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
                        	return b * a
                        
                        function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                        	return Float64(b * a)
                        end
                        
                        function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                        	tmp = b * a;
                        end
                        
                        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        b \cdot a
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 98.4%

                          \[\left(x \cdot y + z \cdot t\right) + a \cdot b \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot b} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites39.3%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{b \cdot a} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2025026 
                          (FPCore (x y z t a b)
                            :name "Linear.V3:$cdot from linear-1.19.1.3, B"
                            :precision binary64
                            (+ (+ (* x y) (* z t)) (* a b)))