Numeric.Log:$cexpm1 from log-domain-0.10.2.1, B

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 3.3s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* x y) x) y))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = ((x * y) + x) + y
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
def code(x, y):
	return ((x * y) + x) + y
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y)
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = ((x * y) + x) + y;
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* x y) x) y))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = ((x * y) + x) + y
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return ((x * y) + x) + y;
}
def code(x, y):
	return ((x * y) + x) + y
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y)
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = ((x * y) + x) + y;
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(x - -1, y, x\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (fma (- x -1.0) y x))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return fma((x - -1.0), y, x);
}
function code(x, y)
	return fma(Float64(x - -1.0), y, x)
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * y + x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(x - -1, y, x\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y} \]
    2. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot y + x\right)} + y \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot y} + x\right) + y \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + \left(x \cdot y + x\right)} \]
    5. associate-+r+N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + x \cdot y\right) + x} \]
    6. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot y + y\right)} + x \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{y \cdot x} + y\right) + x \]
    8. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(y \cdot x + \color{blue}{y \cdot 1}\right) + x \]
    9. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} + x \]
    10. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)} + x \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot y} + x \]
    12. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1 + x, y, x\right)} \]
    13. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x + 1}, y, x\right) \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x + \color{blue}{1 \cdot 1}, y, x\right) \]
    15. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \cdot 1}, y, x\right) \]
    16. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x - \color{blue}{-1} \cdot 1, y, x\right) \]
    17. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x - \color{blue}{-1}, y, x\right) \]
    18. lower--.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - -1}, y, x\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x - -1, y, x\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 83.4% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+302} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+238}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ (+ (* x y) x) y)))
   (if (or (<= t_0 -2e+302) (not (<= t_0 4e+238))) (* y x) (+ x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = ((x * y) + x) + y;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+302) || !(t_0 <= 4e+238)) {
		tmp = y * x;
	} else {
		tmp = x + y;
	}
	return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = ((x * y) + x) + y
    if ((t_0 <= (-2d+302)) .or. (.not. (t_0 <= 4d+238))) then
        tmp = y * x
    else
        tmp = x + y
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = ((x * y) + x) + y;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+302) || !(t_0 <= 4e+238)) {
		tmp = y * x;
	} else {
		tmp = x + y;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = ((x * y) + x) + y
	tmp = 0
	if (t_0 <= -2e+302) or not (t_0 <= 4e+238):
		tmp = y * x
	else:
		tmp = x + y
	return tmp
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+302) || !(t_0 <= 4e+238))
		tmp = Float64(y * x);
	else
		tmp = Float64(x + y);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	t_0 = ((x * y) + x) + y;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+302) || ~((t_0 <= 4e+238)))
		tmp = y * x;
	else
		tmp = x + y;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -2e+302], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 4e+238]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+302} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+238}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < -2.0000000000000002e302 or 4.0000000000000002e238 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y)

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites90.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites90.2%

          \[\leadsto \left(y - -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in y around inf

          \[\leadsto y \cdot x \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites86.0%

            \[\leadsto y \cdot x \]

          if -2.0000000000000002e302 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < 4.0000000000000002e238

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites86.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
          5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          6. Final simplification86.1%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+302} \lor \neg \left(\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+238}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \end{array} \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 62.2% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-251}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(y - -1\right) \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, y\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y)
           :precision binary64
           (if (<= (+ (+ (* x y) x) y) -2e-251) (* (- y -1.0) x) (fma y x y)))
          double code(double x, double y) {
          	double tmp;
          	if ((((x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251) {
          		tmp = (y - -1.0) * x;
          	} else {
          		tmp = fma(y, x, y);
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x, y)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251)
          		tmp = Float64(Float64(y - -1.0) * x);
          	else
          		tmp = fma(y, x, y);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision], -2e-251], N[(N[(y - -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * x + y), $MachinePrecision]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-251}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\left(y - -1\right) \cdot x\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, y\right)\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < -2.00000000000000003e-251

            1. Initial program 100.0%

              \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites58.7%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites58.7%

                  \[\leadsto \left(y - -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]

                if -2.00000000000000003e-251 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y)

                1. Initial program 100.0%

                  \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(1 + x\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites68.1%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, y\right)} \]
                5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                6. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 4: 62.2% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-251}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, y\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (x y)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (<= (+ (+ (* x y) x) y) -2e-251) (fma y x x) (fma y x y)))
                double code(double x, double y) {
                	double tmp;
                	if ((((x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251) {
                		tmp = fma(y, x, x);
                	} else {
                		tmp = fma(y, x, y);
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                function code(x, y)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251)
                		tmp = fma(y, x, x);
                	else
                		tmp = fma(y, x, y);
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision], -2e-251], N[(y * x + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * x + y), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-251}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, y\right)\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < -2.00000000000000003e-251

                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                    \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites58.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)} \]

                    if -2.00000000000000003e-251 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y)

                    1. Initial program 100.0%

                      \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(1 + x\right)} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites68.1%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, y\right)} \]
                    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 5: 86.9% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 860000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x y)
                     :precision binary64
                     (if (<= x -1.0) (fma y x x) (if (<= x 860000000000.0) (+ x y) (* y x))))
                    double code(double x, double y) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (x <= -1.0) {
                    		tmp = fma(y, x, x);
                    	} else if (x <= 860000000000.0) {
                    		tmp = x + y;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = y * x;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    function code(x, y)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (x <= -1.0)
                    		tmp = fma(y, x, x);
                    	elseif (x <= 860000000000.0)
                    		tmp = Float64(x + y);
                    	else
                    		tmp = Float64(y * x);
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.0], N[(y * x + x), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 860000000000.0], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision]]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)\\
                    
                    \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 860000000000:\\
                    \;\;\;\;x + y\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;y \cdot x\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 3 regimes
                    2. if x < -1

                      1. Initial program 100.0%

                        \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites98.8%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)} \]

                        if -1 < x < 8.6e11

                        1. Initial program 100.0%

                          \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites96.4%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]

                          if 8.6e11 < x

                          1. Initial program 100.0%

                            \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites99.9%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)} \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites99.9%

                                \[\leadsto \left(y - -1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                                \[\leadsto y \cdot x \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites57.8%

                                  \[\leadsto y \cdot x \]
                              4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                              5. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 6: 38.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-251}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= (+ (+ (* x y) x) y) -2e-251) x y))
                              double code(double x, double y) {
                              	double tmp;
                              	if ((((x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251) {
                              		tmp = x;
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = y;
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              module fmin_fmax_functions
                                  implicit none
                                  private
                                  public fmax
                                  public fmin
                              
                                  interface fmax
                                      module procedure fmax88
                                      module procedure fmax44
                                      module procedure fmax84
                                      module procedure fmax48
                                  end interface
                                  interface fmin
                                      module procedure fmin88
                                      module procedure fmin44
                                      module procedure fmin84
                                      module procedure fmin48
                                  end interface
                              contains
                                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                              end module
                              
                              real(8) function code(x, y)
                              use fmin_fmax_functions
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                  real(8) :: tmp
                                  if ((((x * y) + x) + y) <= (-2d-251)) then
                                      tmp = x
                                  else
                                      tmp = y
                                  end if
                                  code = tmp
                              end function
                              
                              public static double code(double x, double y) {
                              	double tmp;
                              	if ((((x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251) {
                              		tmp = x;
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = y;
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              def code(x, y):
                              	tmp = 0
                              	if (((x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251:
                              		tmp = x
                              	else:
                              		tmp = y
                              	return tmp
                              
                              function code(x, y)
                              	tmp = 0.0
                              	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251)
                              		tmp = x;
                              	else
                              		tmp = y;
                              	end
                              	return tmp
                              end
                              
                              function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
                              	tmp = 0.0;
                              	if ((((x * y) + x) + y) <= -2e-251)
                              		tmp = x;
                              	else
                              		tmp = y;
                              	end
                              	tmp_2 = tmp;
                              end
                              
                              code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision], -2e-251], x, y]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              \mathbf{if}\;\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-251}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;x\\
                              
                              \mathbf{else}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;y\\
                              
                              
                              \end{array}
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Split input into 2 regimes
                              2. if (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y) < -2.00000000000000003e-251

                                1. Initial program 100.0%

                                  \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites39.1%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]

                                  if -2.00000000000000003e-251 < (+.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 x y) x) y)

                                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                                    \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites37.2%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y} \]
                                  5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                  6. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 7: 75.1% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ x + y \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ x y))
                                  double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return x + y;
                                  }
                                  
                                  module fmin_fmax_functions
                                      implicit none
                                      private
                                      public fmax
                                      public fmin
                                  
                                      interface fmax
                                          module procedure fmax88
                                          module procedure fmax44
                                          module procedure fmax84
                                          module procedure fmax48
                                      end interface
                                      interface fmin
                                          module procedure fmin88
                                          module procedure fmin44
                                          module procedure fmin84
                                          module procedure fmin48
                                      end interface
                                  contains
                                      real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                  end module
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(x, y)
                                  use fmin_fmax_functions
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      code = x + y
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return x + y;
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(x, y):
                                  	return x + y
                                  
                                  function code(x, y)
                                  	return Float64(x + y)
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(x, y)
                                  	tmp = x + y;
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[x_, y_] := N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  x + y
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                                    \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites73.3%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} + y \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing

                                    Alternative 8: 38.7% accurate, 12.0× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 x)
                                    double code(double x, double y) {
                                    	return x;
                                    }
                                    
                                    module fmin_fmax_functions
                                        implicit none
                                        private
                                        public fmax
                                        public fmin
                                    
                                        interface fmax
                                            module procedure fmax88
                                            module procedure fmax44
                                            module procedure fmax84
                                            module procedure fmax48
                                        end interface
                                        interface fmin
                                            module procedure fmin88
                                            module procedure fmin44
                                            module procedure fmin84
                                            module procedure fmin48
                                        end interface
                                    contains
                                        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                    end module
                                    
                                    real(8) function code(x, y)
                                    use fmin_fmax_functions
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        code = x
                                    end function
                                    
                                    public static double code(double x, double y) {
                                    	return x;
                                    }
                                    
                                    def code(x, y):
                                    	return x
                                    
                                    function code(x, y)
                                    	return x
                                    end
                                    
                                    function tmp = code(x, y)
                                    	tmp = x;
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[x_, y_] := x
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    x
                                    \end{array}
                                    
                                    Derivation
                                    1. Initial program 100.0%

                                      \[\left(x \cdot y + x\right) + y \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites36.5%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing

                                      Reproduce

                                      ?
                                      herbie shell --seed 2025026 
                                      (FPCore (x y)
                                        :name "Numeric.Log:$cexpm1 from log-domain-0.10.2.1, B"
                                        :precision binary64
                                        (+ (+ (* x y) x) y))