Optimisation.CirclePacking:place from circle-packing-0.1.0.4, E

Percentage Accurate: 93.2% → 97.4%
Time: 5.6s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (+ x (/ (* y (- z t)) a)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return x + ((y * (z - t)) / a)
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(x + Float64(Float64(y * Float64(z - t)) / a))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[(y * N[(z - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 93.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (+ x (/ (* y (- z t)) a)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return x + ((y * (z - t)) / a)
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(x + Float64(Float64(y * Float64(z - t)) / a))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[(y * N[(z - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 97.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z - t, x\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (fma (/ y a) (- z t) x))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return fma((y / a), (z - t), x);
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return fma(Float64(y / a), Float64(z - t), x)
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z - t), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z - t, x\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 91.1%

    \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} + x} \]
    3. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}} + x \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}}{a} + x \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(z - t\right) \cdot y}}{a} + x \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(z - t\right) \cdot \frac{y}{a}} + x \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{a} \cdot \left(z - t\right)} + x \]
    8. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z - t, x\right)} \]
    9. lower-/.f6498.4

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{y}{a}}, z - t, x\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z - t, x\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 60.3% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -1000000000000 \lor \neg \left(t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+124}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{a} \cdot z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (* y (- z t)) a)))
   (if (or (<= t_1 -1000000000000.0) (not (<= t_1 5e+124))) (* (/ y a) z) x)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = (y * (z - t)) / a;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_1 <= -1000000000000.0) || !(t_1 <= 5e+124)) {
		tmp = (y / a) * z;
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = (y * (z - t)) / a
    if ((t_1 <= (-1000000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (t_1 <= 5d+124))) then
        tmp = (y / a) * z
    else
        tmp = x
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = (y * (z - t)) / a;
	double tmp;
	if ((t_1 <= -1000000000000.0) || !(t_1 <= 5e+124)) {
		tmp = (y / a) * z;
	} else {
		tmp = x;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	t_1 = (y * (z - t)) / a
	tmp = 0
	if (t_1 <= -1000000000000.0) or not (t_1 <= 5e+124):
		tmp = (y / a) * z
	else:
		tmp = x
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(y * Float64(z - t)) / a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((t_1 <= -1000000000000.0) || !(t_1 <= 5e+124))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(y / a) * z);
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = (y * (z - t)) / a;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_1 <= -1000000000000.0) || ~((t_1 <= 5e+124)))
		tmp = (y / a) * z;
	else
		tmp = x;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(y * N[(z - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1000000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e+124]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision], x]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -1000000000000 \lor \neg \left(t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+124}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{a} \cdot z\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (*.f64 y (-.f64 z t)) a) < -1e12 or 4.9999999999999996e124 < (/.f64 (*.f64 y (-.f64 z t)) a)

    1. Initial program 85.3%

      \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot z}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites48.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{z}{a} \cdot y} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites52.3%

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{z} \]

        if -1e12 < (/.f64 (*.f64 y (-.f64 z t)) a) < 4.9999999999999996e124

        1. Initial program 98.3%

          \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites76.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        6. Final simplification63.3%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \leq -1000000000000 \lor \neg \left(\frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+124}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{a} \cdot z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \]
        7. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 86.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{+58} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-33}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, -t, x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y z t a)
         :precision binary64
         (if (or (<= z -5.5e+58) (not (<= z 1.4e-33)))
           (fma (/ y a) z x)
           (fma (/ y a) (- t) x)))
        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
        	double tmp;
        	if ((z <= -5.5e+58) || !(z <= 1.4e-33)) {
        		tmp = fma((y / a), z, x);
        	} else {
        		tmp = fma((y / a), -t, x);
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(x, y, z, t, a)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if ((z <= -5.5e+58) || !(z <= 1.4e-33))
        		tmp = fma(Float64(y / a), z, x);
        	else
        		tmp = fma(Float64(y / a), Float64(-t), x);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -5.5e+58], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 1.4e-33]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision] * z + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision] * (-t) + x), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{+58} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-33}\right):\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, -t, x\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if z < -5.4999999999999999e58 or 1.4e-33 < z

          1. Initial program 91.7%

            \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{y \cdot z}{a}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites87.3%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)} \]

            if -5.4999999999999999e58 < z < 1.4e-33

            1. Initial program 90.5%

              \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}} \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} + x} \]
              3. lift-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}} + x \]
              4. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}}{a} + x \]
              5. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(z - t\right) \cdot y}}{a} + x \]
              6. associate-/l*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(z - t\right) \cdot \frac{y}{a}} + x \]
              7. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{a} \cdot \left(z - t\right)} + x \]
              8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z - t, x\right)} \]
              9. lower-/.f6497.7

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{y}{a}}, z - t, x\right) \]
            4. Applied rewrites97.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z - t, x\right)} \]
            5. Taylor expanded in z around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t}, x\right) \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites91.1%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, \color{blue}{-t}, x\right) \]
            7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            8. Final simplification89.2%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -5.5 \cdot 10^{+58} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-33}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, -t, x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
            9. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 4: 84.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+89} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-33}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{t}{a} \cdot y\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y z t a)
             :precision binary64
             (if (or (<= z -3.4e+89) (not (<= z 1.4e-33)))
               (fma (/ y a) z x)
               (- x (* (/ t a) y))))
            double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
            	double tmp;
            	if ((z <= -3.4e+89) || !(z <= 1.4e-33)) {
            		tmp = fma((y / a), z, x);
            	} else {
            		tmp = x - ((t / a) * y);
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(x, y, z, t, a)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if ((z <= -3.4e+89) || !(z <= 1.4e-33))
            		tmp = fma(Float64(y / a), z, x);
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(x - Float64(Float64(t / a) * y));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -3.4e+89], N[Not[LessEqual[z, 1.4e-33]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision] * z + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(x - N[(N[(t / a), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+89} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-33}\right):\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;x - \frac{t}{a} \cdot y\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if z < -3.4000000000000002e89 or 1.4e-33 < z

              1. Initial program 90.5%

                \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{y \cdot z}{a}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites89.8%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)} \]

                if -3.4000000000000002e89 < z < 1.4e-33

                1. Initial program 91.5%

                  \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \frac{t \cdot y}{a}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites86.3%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x - \frac{t}{a} \cdot y} \]
                5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                6. Final simplification87.8%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+89} \lor \neg \left(z \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-33}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x - \frac{t}{a} \cdot y\\ \end{array} \]
                7. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 5: 69.9% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{-67} \lor \neg \left(z \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-272}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-t\right) \cdot \frac{y}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (x y z t a)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (or (<= z -4.8e-67) (not (<= z -5e-272)))
                   (fma (/ y a) z x)
                   (* (- t) (/ y a))))
                double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                	double tmp;
                	if ((z <= -4.8e-67) || !(z <= -5e-272)) {
                		tmp = fma((y / a), z, x);
                	} else {
                		tmp = -t * (y / a);
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if ((z <= -4.8e-67) || !(z <= -5e-272))
                		tmp = fma(Float64(y / a), z, x);
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(-t) * Float64(y / a));
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[z, -4.8e-67], N[Not[LessEqual[z, -5e-272]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision] * z + x), $MachinePrecision], N[((-t) * N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{-67} \lor \neg \left(z \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-272}\right):\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(-t\right) \cdot \frac{y}{a}\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if z < -4.8e-67 or -4.99999999999999982e-272 < z

                  1. Initial program 92.2%

                    \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{y \cdot z}{a}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites77.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)} \]

                    if -4.8e-67 < z < -4.99999999999999982e-272

                    1. Initial program 84.7%

                      \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{t \cdot y}{a}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites65.9%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-y\right) \cdot \frac{t}{a}} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites73.3%

                          \[\leadsto \left(-t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{a}} \]
                      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      4. Final simplification77.1%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{-67} \lor \neg \left(z \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-272}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-t\right) \cdot \frac{y}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
                      5. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 6: 71.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right) \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (fma (/ y a) z x))
                      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                      	return fma((y / a), z, x);
                      }
                      
                      function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                      	return fma(Float64(y / a), z, x)
                      end
                      
                      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(y / a), $MachinePrecision] * z + x), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 91.1%

                        \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \frac{y \cdot z}{a}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites71.6%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{a}, z, x\right)} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 7: 38.6% accurate, 23.0× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 x)
                        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                        	return x;
                        }
                        
                        module fmin_fmax_functions
                            implicit none
                            private
                            public fmax
                            public fmin
                        
                            interface fmax
                                module procedure fmax88
                                module procedure fmax44
                                module procedure fmax84
                                module procedure fmax48
                            end interface
                            interface fmin
                                module procedure fmin88
                                module procedure fmin44
                                module procedure fmin84
                                module procedure fmin48
                            end interface
                        contains
                            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                        end module
                        
                        real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        use fmin_fmax_functions
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            real(8), intent (in) :: z
                            real(8), intent (in) :: t
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            code = x
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                        	return x;
                        }
                        
                        def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                        	return x
                        
                        function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        	return x
                        end
                        
                        function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        	tmp = x;
                        end
                        
                        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := x
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        x
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 91.1%

                          \[x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites39.9%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing

                          Developer Target 1: 99.2% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{a}{z - t}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y < -1.0761266216389975 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{\frac{t\_1}{y}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y < 2.894426862792089 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{y}{t\_1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (x y z t a)
                           :precision binary64
                           (let* ((t_1 (/ a (- z t))))
                             (if (< y -1.0761266216389975e-10)
                               (+ x (/ 1.0 (/ t_1 y)))
                               (if (< y 2.894426862792089e-49)
                                 (+ x (/ (* y (- z t)) a))
                                 (+ x (/ y t_1))))))
                          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	double t_1 = a / (z - t);
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (y < -1.0761266216389975e-10) {
                          		tmp = x + (1.0 / (t_1 / y));
                          	} else if (y < 2.894426862792089e-49) {
                          		tmp = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = x + (y / t_1);
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          module fmin_fmax_functions
                              implicit none
                              private
                              public fmax
                              public fmin
                          
                              interface fmax
                                  module procedure fmax88
                                  module procedure fmax44
                                  module procedure fmax84
                                  module procedure fmax48
                              end interface
                              interface fmin
                                  module procedure fmin88
                                  module procedure fmin44
                                  module procedure fmin84
                                  module procedure fmin48
                              end interface
                          contains
                              real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                              real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                              real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                              real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                              real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                              real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                              real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                              real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                              end function
                          end module
                          
                          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          use fmin_fmax_functions
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              real(8), intent (in) :: z
                              real(8), intent (in) :: t
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              real(8) :: t_1
                              real(8) :: tmp
                              t_1 = a / (z - t)
                              if (y < (-1.0761266216389975d-10)) then
                                  tmp = x + (1.0d0 / (t_1 / y))
                              else if (y < 2.894426862792089d-49) then
                                  tmp = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a)
                              else
                                  tmp = x + (y / t_1)
                              end if
                              code = tmp
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	double t_1 = a / (z - t);
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (y < -1.0761266216389975e-10) {
                          		tmp = x + (1.0 / (t_1 / y));
                          	} else if (y < 2.894426862792089e-49) {
                          		tmp = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = x + (y / t_1);
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                          	t_1 = a / (z - t)
                          	tmp = 0
                          	if y < -1.0761266216389975e-10:
                          		tmp = x + (1.0 / (t_1 / y))
                          	elif y < 2.894426862792089e-49:
                          		tmp = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a)
                          	else:
                          		tmp = x + (y / t_1)
                          	return tmp
                          
                          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	t_1 = Float64(a / Float64(z - t))
                          	tmp = 0.0
                          	if (y < -1.0761266216389975e-10)
                          		tmp = Float64(x + Float64(1.0 / Float64(t_1 / y)));
                          	elseif (y < 2.894426862792089e-49)
                          		tmp = Float64(x + Float64(Float64(y * Float64(z - t)) / a));
                          	else
                          		tmp = Float64(x + Float64(y / t_1));
                          	end
                          	return tmp
                          end
                          
                          function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	t_1 = a / (z - t);
                          	tmp = 0.0;
                          	if (y < -1.0761266216389975e-10)
                          		tmp = x + (1.0 / (t_1 / y));
                          	elseif (y < 2.894426862792089e-49)
                          		tmp = x + ((y * (z - t)) / a);
                          	else
                          		tmp = x + (y / t_1);
                          	end
                          	tmp_2 = tmp;
                          end
                          
                          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a / N[(z - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[y, -1.0761266216389975e-10], N[(x + N[(1.0 / N[(t$95$1 / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[Less[y, 2.894426862792089e-49], N[(x + N[(N[(y * N[(z - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + N[(y / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          t_1 := \frac{a}{z - t}\\
                          \mathbf{if}\;y < -1.0761266216389975 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{\frac{t\_1}{y}}\\
                          
                          \mathbf{elif}\;y < 2.894426862792089 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;x + \frac{y \cdot \left(z - t\right)}{a}\\
                          
                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;x + \frac{y}{t\_1}\\
                          
                          
                          \end{array}
                          \end{array}
                          

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2025025 
                          (FPCore (x y z t a)
                            :name "Optimisation.CirclePacking:place from circle-packing-0.1.0.4, E"
                            :precision binary64
                          
                            :alt
                            (! :herbie-platform default (if (< y -430450648655599/4000000000000000000000000) (+ x (/ 1 (/ (/ a (- z t)) y))) (if (< y 2894426862792089/10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (+ x (/ (* y (- z t)) a)) (+ x (/ y (/ a (- z t)))))))
                          
                            (+ x (/ (* y (- z t)) a)))