Numeric.SpecFunctions:invIncompleteBetaWorker from math-functions-0.1.5.2, E

Percentage Accurate: 99.9% → 99.9%
Time: 4.5s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ (- 1.0 x) (* y (sqrt x))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return (1.0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = (1.0d0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return (1.0 - x) + (y * Math.sqrt(x));
}
def code(x, y):
	return (1.0 - x) + (y * math.sqrt(x))
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) + Float64(y * sqrt(x)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = (1.0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x));
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (+ (- 1.0 x) (* y (sqrt x))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return (1.0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = (1.0d0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return (1.0 - x) + (y * Math.sqrt(x));
}
def code(x, y):
	return (1.0 - x) + (y * math.sqrt(x))
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) + Float64(y * sqrt(x)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = (1.0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x));
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1 - x\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (fma (sqrt x) y (- 1.0 x)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return fma(sqrt(x), y, (1.0 - x));
}
function code(x, y)
	return fma(sqrt(x), y, Float64(1.0 - x))
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * y + N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1 - x\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.9%

    \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(1 - x\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(1 - x\right) \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot y} + \left(1 - x\right) \]
    5. lower-fma.f6499.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1 - x\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1 - x\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 61.2% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \leq -50000:\\ \;\;\;\;-x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ (- 1.0 x) (* y (sqrt x))) -50000.0) (- x) 1.0))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (((1.0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x))) <= -50000.0) {
		tmp = -x;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x, y)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (((1.0d0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x))) <= (-50000.0d0)) then
        tmp = -x
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (((1.0 - x) + (y * Math.sqrt(x))) <= -50000.0) {
		tmp = -x;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y):
	tmp = 0
	if ((1.0 - x) + (y * math.sqrt(x))) <= -50000.0:
		tmp = -x
	else:
		tmp = 1.0
	return tmp
function code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) + Float64(y * sqrt(x))) <= -50000.0)
		tmp = Float64(-x);
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((1.0 - x) + (y * sqrt(x))) <= -50000.0)
		tmp = -x;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -50000.0], (-x), 1.0]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \leq -50000:\\
\;\;\;\;-x\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x) (*.f64 y (sqrt.f64 x))) < -5e4

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites66.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites65.5%

          \[\leadsto -x \]

        if -5e4 < (+.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x) (*.f64 y (sqrt.f64 x)))

        1. Initial program 99.9%

          \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites62.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto 1 \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites61.5%

              \[\leadsto 1 \]
          4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 94.8% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{+81} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{+39}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y)
           :precision binary64
           (if (or (<= y -1.9e+81) (not (<= y 2.9e+39))) (fma (sqrt x) y 1.0) (- 1.0 x)))
          double code(double x, double y) {
          	double tmp;
          	if ((y <= -1.9e+81) || !(y <= 2.9e+39)) {
          		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), y, 1.0);
          	} else {
          		tmp = 1.0 - x;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x, y)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if ((y <= -1.9e+81) || !(y <= 2.9e+39))
          		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), y, 1.0);
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(1.0 - x);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[y, -1.9e+81], N[Not[LessEqual[y, 2.9e+39]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{+81} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{+39}\right):\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;1 - x\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if y < -1.9e81 or 2.90000000000000029e39 < y

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \sqrt{x} \cdot y} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites95.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1\right)} \]

              if -1.9e81 < y < 2.90000000000000029e39

              1. Initial program 100.0%

                \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites98.1%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
              5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              6. Final simplification96.9%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{+81} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{+39}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - x\\ \end{array} \]
              7. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 92.7% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{+81} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+81}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{x} \cdot y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x y)
               :precision binary64
               (if (or (<= y -2.3e+81) (not (<= y 1.35e+81))) (* (sqrt x) y) (- 1.0 x)))
              double code(double x, double y) {
              	double tmp;
              	if ((y <= -2.3e+81) || !(y <= 1.35e+81)) {
              		tmp = sqrt(x) * y;
              	} else {
              		tmp = 1.0 - x;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              module fmin_fmax_functions
                  implicit none
                  private
                  public fmax
                  public fmin
              
                  interface fmax
                      module procedure fmax88
                      module procedure fmax44
                      module procedure fmax84
                      module procedure fmax48
                  end interface
                  interface fmin
                      module procedure fmin88
                      module procedure fmin44
                      module procedure fmin84
                      module procedure fmin48
                  end interface
              contains
                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
              end module
              
              real(8) function code(x, y)
              use fmin_fmax_functions
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  if ((y <= (-2.3d+81)) .or. (.not. (y <= 1.35d+81))) then
                      tmp = sqrt(x) * y
                  else
                      tmp = 1.0d0 - x
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double x, double y) {
              	double tmp;
              	if ((y <= -2.3e+81) || !(y <= 1.35e+81)) {
              		tmp = Math.sqrt(x) * y;
              	} else {
              		tmp = 1.0 - x;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(x, y):
              	tmp = 0
              	if (y <= -2.3e+81) or not (y <= 1.35e+81):
              		tmp = math.sqrt(x) * y
              	else:
              		tmp = 1.0 - x
              	return tmp
              
              function code(x, y)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if ((y <= -2.3e+81) || !(y <= 1.35e+81))
              		tmp = Float64(sqrt(x) * y);
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(1.0 - x);
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if ((y <= -2.3e+81) || ~((y <= 1.35e+81)))
              		tmp = sqrt(x) * y;
              	else
              		tmp = 1.0 - x;
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[y, -2.3e+81], N[Not[LessEqual[y, 1.35e+81]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{+81} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+81}\right):\\
              \;\;\;\;\sqrt{x} \cdot y\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;1 - x\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if y < -2.2999999999999999e81 or 1.35e81 < y

                1. Initial program 99.8%

                  \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot y} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites91.0%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot y} \]

                  if -2.2999999999999999e81 < y < 1.35e81

                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                    \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites96.3%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
                  5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  6. Final simplification94.3%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{+81} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+81}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{x} \cdot y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - x\\ \end{array} \]
                  7. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 5: 98.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0.008:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, -x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (x y)
                   :precision binary64
                   (if (<= x 0.008) (fma (sqrt x) y 1.0) (fma (sqrt x) y (- x))))
                  double code(double x, double y) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (x <= 0.008) {
                  		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), y, 1.0);
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), y, -x);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  function code(x, y)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (x <= 0.008)
                  		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), y, 1.0);
                  	else
                  		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), y, Float64(-x));
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 0.008], N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * y + (-x)), $MachinePrecision]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0.008:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1\right)\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, -x\right)\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if x < 0.0080000000000000002

                    1. Initial program 99.9%

                      \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \sqrt{x} \cdot y} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.6%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1\right)} \]

                      if 0.0080000000000000002 < x

                      1. Initial program 99.9%

                        \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. lift-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
                        2. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(1 - x\right)} \]
                        3. lift-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(1 - x\right) \]
                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot y} + \left(1 - x\right) \]
                        5. lower-fma.f6499.9

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1 - x\right)} \]
                      4. Applied rewrites99.9%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, 1 - x\right)} \]
                      5. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x}\right) \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites98.8%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, y, \color{blue}{-x}\right) \]
                      7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      8. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 6: 61.7% accurate, 5.5× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 - x \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 x))
                      double code(double x, double y) {
                      	return 1.0 - x;
                      }
                      
                      module fmin_fmax_functions
                          implicit none
                          private
                          public fmax
                          public fmin
                      
                          interface fmax
                              module procedure fmax88
                              module procedure fmax44
                              module procedure fmax84
                              module procedure fmax48
                          end interface
                          interface fmin
                              module procedure fmin88
                              module procedure fmin44
                              module procedure fmin84
                              module procedure fmin48
                          end interface
                      contains
                          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                      end module
                      
                      real(8) function code(x, y)
                      use fmin_fmax_functions
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          code = 1.0d0 - x
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double x, double y) {
                      	return 1.0 - x;
                      }
                      
                      def code(x, y):
                      	return 1.0 - x
                      
                      function code(x, y)
                      	return Float64(1.0 - x)
                      end
                      
                      function tmp = code(x, y)
                      	tmp = 1.0 - x;
                      end
                      
                      code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      1 - x
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 99.9%

                        \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites64.3%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 7: 31.4% accurate, 22.0× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 1.0)
                        double code(double x, double y) {
                        	return 1.0;
                        }
                        
                        module fmin_fmax_functions
                            implicit none
                            private
                            public fmax
                            public fmin
                        
                            interface fmax
                                module procedure fmax88
                                module procedure fmax44
                                module procedure fmax84
                                module procedure fmax48
                            end interface
                            interface fmin
                                module procedure fmin88
                                module procedure fmin44
                                module procedure fmin84
                                module procedure fmin48
                            end interface
                        contains
                            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                        end module
                        
                        real(8) function code(x, y)
                        use fmin_fmax_functions
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            code = 1.0d0
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double x, double y) {
                        	return 1.0;
                        }
                        
                        def code(x, y):
                        	return 1.0
                        
                        function code(x, y)
                        	return 1.0
                        end
                        
                        function tmp = code(x, y)
                        	tmp = 1.0;
                        end
                        
                        code[x_, y_] := 1.0
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        1
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 99.9%

                          \[\left(1 - x\right) + y \cdot \sqrt{x} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites64.3%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - x} \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                            \[\leadsto 1 \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites30.1%

                              \[\leadsto 1 \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing

                            Reproduce

                            ?
                            herbie shell --seed 2025021 
                            (FPCore (x y)
                              :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:invIncompleteBetaWorker from math-functions-0.1.5.2, E"
                              :precision binary64
                              (+ (- 1.0 x) (* y (sqrt x))))