bug333 (missed optimization)

Percentage Accurate: 8.5% → 99.8%
Time: 6.6s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 30.0×

Specification

?
\[-1 \leq x \land x \leq 1\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x))))
double code(double x) {
	return sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0d0 - x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
def code(x):
	return math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt((1.0 - x))
function code(x)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(Float64(1.0 - x)))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x));
end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 8.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x))))
double code(double x) {
	return sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0d0 - x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - Math.sqrt((1.0 - x));
}
def code(x):
	return math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) - math.sqrt((1.0 - x))
function code(x)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) - sqrt(Float64(1.0 - x)))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = sqrt((1.0 + x)) - sqrt((1.0 - x));
end
code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.0322265625, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  (* (fma (fma (* x x) 0.0322265625 0.0546875) (* x x) 0.125) (* x x))
  x
  x))
double code(double x) {
	return fma((fma(fma((x * x), 0.0322265625, 0.0546875), (x * x), 0.125) * (x * x)), x, x);
}
function code(x)
	return fma(Float64(fma(fma(Float64(x * x), 0.0322265625, 0.0546875), Float64(x * x), 0.125) * Float64(x * x)), x, x)
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * 0.0322265625 + 0.0546875), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.125), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x + x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.0322265625, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 10.1%

    \[\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{7}{128} + \frac{33}{1024} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0322265625, x \cdot x, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites100.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.0322265625, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 99.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0546875, x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x)
       :precision binary64
       (fma (* (fma 0.0546875 (* x x) 0.125) (* x x)) x x))
      double code(double x) {
      	return fma((fma(0.0546875, (x * x), 0.125) * (x * x)), x, x);
      }
      
      function code(x)
      	return fma(Float64(fma(0.0546875, Float64(x * x), 0.125) * Float64(x * x)), x, x)
      end
      
      code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(0.0546875 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.125), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x + x), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0546875, x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 10.1%

        \[\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{7}{128} + \frac{33}{1024} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0322265625, x \cdot x, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x\right)} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites100.0%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.0322265625, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
          2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{128}, x \cdot x, \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites99.9%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0546875, x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 99.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0546875, x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x)
             :precision binary64
             (* (fma (fma 0.0546875 (* x x) 0.125) (* x x) 1.0) x))
            double code(double x) {
            	return fma(fma(0.0546875, (x * x), 0.125), (x * x), 1.0) * x;
            }
            
            function code(x)
            	return Float64(fma(fma(0.0546875, Float64(x * x), 0.125), Float64(x * x), 1.0) * x)
            end
            
            code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(0.0546875 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.125), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0546875, x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 10.1%

              \[\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{7}{128} + \frac{33}{1024} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0322265625, x \cdot x, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x\right)} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.0322265625, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{128}, x \cdot x, \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites99.9%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0546875, x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites99.9%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0546875, x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 4: 99.6% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.125 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (fma (* 0.125 (* x x)) x x))
                    double code(double x) {
                    	return fma((0.125 * (x * x)), x, x);
                    }
                    
                    function code(x)
                    	return fma(Float64(0.125 * Float64(x * x)), x, x)
                    end
                    
                    code[x_] := N[(N[(0.125 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x + x), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \mathsf{fma}\left(0.125 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right)
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 10.1%

                      \[\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{7}{128} + \frac{33}{1024} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0322265625, x \cdot x, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x\right)} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.0322265625, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{8} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites99.6%

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.125 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 5: 99.6% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.125, 1\right) \cdot x \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (fma (* x x) 0.125 1.0) x))
                          double code(double x) {
                          	return fma((x * x), 0.125, 1.0) * x;
                          }
                          
                          function code(x)
                          	return Float64(fma(Float64(x * x), 0.125, 1.0) * x)
                          end
                          
                          code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * 0.125 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.125, 1\right) \cdot x
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 10.1%

                            \[\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{7}{128} + \frac{33}{1024} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{3}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.0322265625, x \cdot x, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x\right)} \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.0322265625, 0.0546875\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{8} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites99.6%

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.125 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right) \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites99.5%

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 0.125, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 6: 99.0% accurate, 30.0× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 x)
                                  double code(double x) {
                                  	return x;
                                  }
                                  
                                  module fmin_fmax_functions
                                      implicit none
                                      private
                                      public fmax
                                      public fmin
                                  
                                      interface fmax
                                          module procedure fmax88
                                          module procedure fmax44
                                          module procedure fmax84
                                          module procedure fmax48
                                      end interface
                                      interface fmin
                                          module procedure fmin88
                                          module procedure fmin44
                                          module procedure fmin84
                                          module procedure fmin48
                                      end interface
                                  contains
                                      real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                      real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                      end function
                                  end module
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(x)
                                  use fmin_fmax_functions
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      code = x
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double x) {
                                  	return x;
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(x):
                                  	return x
                                  
                                  function code(x)
                                  	return x
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(x)
                                  	tmp = x;
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[x_] := x
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  x
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 10.1%

                                    \[\sqrt{1 + x} - \sqrt{1 - x} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing

                                    Developer Target 1: 100.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2 \cdot x}{\sqrt{1 + x} + \sqrt{1 - x}} \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (x)
                                     :precision binary64
                                     (/ (* 2.0 x) (+ (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x)))))
                                    double code(double x) {
                                    	return (2.0 * x) / (sqrt((1.0 + x)) + sqrt((1.0 - x)));
                                    }
                                    
                                    module fmin_fmax_functions
                                        implicit none
                                        private
                                        public fmax
                                        public fmin
                                    
                                        interface fmax
                                            module procedure fmax88
                                            module procedure fmax44
                                            module procedure fmax84
                                            module procedure fmax48
                                        end interface
                                        interface fmin
                                            module procedure fmin88
                                            module procedure fmin44
                                            module procedure fmin84
                                            module procedure fmin48
                                        end interface
                                    contains
                                        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                        end function
                                    end module
                                    
                                    real(8) function code(x)
                                    use fmin_fmax_functions
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        code = (2.0d0 * x) / (sqrt((1.0d0 + x)) + sqrt((1.0d0 - x)))
                                    end function
                                    
                                    public static double code(double x) {
                                    	return (2.0 * x) / (Math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) + Math.sqrt((1.0 - x)));
                                    }
                                    
                                    def code(x):
                                    	return (2.0 * x) / (math.sqrt((1.0 + x)) + math.sqrt((1.0 - x)))
                                    
                                    function code(x)
                                    	return Float64(Float64(2.0 * x) / Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 + x)) + sqrt(Float64(1.0 - x))))
                                    end
                                    
                                    function tmp = code(x)
                                    	tmp = (2.0 * x) / (sqrt((1.0 + x)) + sqrt((1.0 - x)));
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[x_] := N[(N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \frac{2 \cdot x}{\sqrt{1 + x} + \sqrt{1 - x}}
                                    \end{array}
                                    

                                    Reproduce

                                    ?
                                    herbie shell --seed 2025019 
                                    (FPCore (x)
                                      :name "bug333 (missed optimization)"
                                      :precision binary64
                                      :pre (and (<= -1.0 x) (<= x 1.0))
                                    
                                      :alt
                                      (! :herbie-platform default (/ (* 2 x) (+ (sqrt (+ 1 x)) (sqrt (- 1 x)))))
                                    
                                      (- (sqrt (+ 1.0 x)) (sqrt (- 1.0 x))))