Prelude:atanh from fay-base-0.20.0.1

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 3.7s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)))
double code(double x) {
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x + 1.0d0) / (1.0d0 - x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
}
def code(x):
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x + 1}{1 - x}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)))
double code(double x) {
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x + 1.0d0) / (1.0d0 - x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
}
def code(x):
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x + 1}{1 - x}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)))
double code(double x) {
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(x)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x + 1.0d0) / (1.0d0 - x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
}
def code(x):
	return (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x);
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x + 1}{1 - x}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.1% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-1 - \frac{2}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 2\right), x, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)) -0.5)
   (- -1.0 (/ 2.0 x))
   (fma (fma 2.0 x 2.0) x 1.0)))
double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5) {
		tmp = -1.0 - (2.0 / x);
	} else {
		tmp = fma(fma(2.0, x, 2.0), x, 1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x)) <= -0.5)
		tmp = Float64(-1.0 - Float64(2.0 / x));
	else
		tmp = fma(fma(2.0, x, 2.0), x, 1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], N[(-1.0 - N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(2.0 * x + 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\
\;\;\;\;-1 - \frac{2}{x}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 2\right), x, 1\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)) < -0.5

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(1 + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 - \frac{2}{x}} \]

      if -0.5 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x))

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(2 + 2 \cdot x\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 2\right), x, 1\right)} \]
      5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 98.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 2\right), x, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)) -0.5) -1.0 (fma (fma 2.0 x 2.0) x 1.0)))
      double code(double x) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5) {
      		tmp = -1.0;
      	} else {
      		tmp = fma(fma(2.0, x, 2.0), x, 1.0);
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(x)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x)) <= -0.5)
      		tmp = -1.0;
      	else
      		tmp = fma(fma(2.0, x, 2.0), x, 1.0);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], -1.0, N[(N[(2.0 * x + 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\
      \;\;\;\;-1\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 2\right), x, 1\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)) < -0.5

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites98.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

          if -0.5 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x))

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot \left(2 + 2 \cdot x\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites99.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 2\right), x, 1\right)} \]
          5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 4: 98.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x)
           :precision binary64
           (if (<= (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)) -0.5) -1.0 (fma 2.0 x 1.0)))
          double code(double x) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5) {
          		tmp = -1.0;
          	} else {
          		tmp = fma(2.0, x, 1.0);
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x)) <= -0.5)
          		tmp = -1.0;
          	else
          		tmp = fma(2.0, x, 1.0);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], -1.0, N[(2.0 * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\
          \;\;\;\;-1\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 1\right)\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)) < -0.5

            1. Initial program 100.0%

              \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

              if -0.5 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x))

              1. Initial program 100.0%

                \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 2 \cdot x} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 1\right)} \]
              5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              6. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x - -1\right) + x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x)
               :precision binary64
               (if (<= (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)) -0.5) -1.0 (+ (- x -1.0) x)))
              double code(double x) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5) {
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	} else {
              		tmp = (x - -1.0) + x;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              module fmin_fmax_functions
                  implicit none
                  private
                  public fmax
                  public fmin
              
                  interface fmax
                      module procedure fmax88
                      module procedure fmax44
                      module procedure fmax84
                      module procedure fmax48
                  end interface
                  interface fmin
                      module procedure fmin88
                      module procedure fmin44
                      module procedure fmin84
                      module procedure fmin48
                  end interface
              contains
                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
              end module
              
              real(8) function code(x)
              use fmin_fmax_functions
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  if (((x + 1.0d0) / (1.0d0 - x)) <= (-0.5d0)) then
                      tmp = -1.0d0
                  else
                      tmp = (x - (-1.0d0)) + x
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double x) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5) {
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	} else {
              		tmp = (x - -1.0) + x;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(x):
              	tmp = 0
              	if ((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5:
              		tmp = -1.0
              	else:
              		tmp = (x - -1.0) + x
              	return tmp
              
              function code(x)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x)) <= -0.5)
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(x - -1.0) + x);
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(x)
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5)
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	else
              		tmp = (x - -1.0) + x;
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], -1.0, N[(N[(x - -1.0), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\
              \;\;\;\;-1\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\left(x - -1\right) + x\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)) < -0.5

                1. Initial program 100.0%

                  \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

                  if -0.5 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x))

                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                    \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 2 \cdot x} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 1\right)} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                        \[\leadsto \left(x - -1\right) + \color{blue}{x} \]
                    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    4. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 6: 97.8% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x)
                     :precision binary64
                     (if (<= (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)) -0.5) -1.0 (+ 1.0 x)))
                    double code(double x) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5) {
                    		tmp = -1.0;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = 1.0 + x;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    module fmin_fmax_functions
                        implicit none
                        private
                        public fmax
                        public fmin
                    
                        interface fmax
                            module procedure fmax88
                            module procedure fmax44
                            module procedure fmax84
                            module procedure fmax48
                        end interface
                        interface fmin
                            module procedure fmin88
                            module procedure fmin44
                            module procedure fmin84
                            module procedure fmin48
                        end interface
                    contains
                        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                    end module
                    
                    real(8) function code(x)
                    use fmin_fmax_functions
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8) :: tmp
                        if (((x + 1.0d0) / (1.0d0 - x)) <= (-0.5d0)) then
                            tmp = -1.0d0
                        else
                            tmp = 1.0d0 + x
                        end if
                        code = tmp
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double x) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5) {
                    		tmp = -1.0;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = 1.0 + x;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    def code(x):
                    	tmp = 0
                    	if ((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5:
                    		tmp = -1.0
                    	else:
                    		tmp = 1.0 + x
                    	return tmp
                    
                    function code(x)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x)) <= -0.5)
                    		tmp = -1.0;
                    	else
                    		tmp = Float64(1.0 + x);
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    function tmp_2 = code(x)
                    	tmp = 0.0;
                    	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -0.5)
                    		tmp = -1.0;
                    	else
                    		tmp = 1.0 + x;
                    	end
                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                    end
                    
                    code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.5], -1.0, N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -0.5:\\
                    \;\;\;\;-1\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;1 + x\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)) < -0.5

                      1. Initial program 100.0%

                        \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

                        if -0.5 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x))

                        1. Initial program 100.0%

                          \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + 2 \cdot x} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, x, 1\right)} \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                              \[\leadsto \left(x - -1\right) + \color{blue}{x} \]
                            2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                              \[\leadsto 1 + x \]
                            3. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites97.5%

                                \[\leadsto 1 + x \]
                            4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                            5. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 7: 97.7% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-309}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (x)
                             :precision binary64
                             (if (<= (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)) -1e-309) -1.0 1.0))
                            double code(double x) {
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -1e-309) {
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            module fmin_fmax_functions
                                implicit none
                                private
                                public fmax
                                public fmin
                            
                                interface fmax
                                    module procedure fmax88
                                    module procedure fmax44
                                    module procedure fmax84
                                    module procedure fmax48
                                end interface
                                interface fmin
                                    module procedure fmin88
                                    module procedure fmin44
                                    module procedure fmin84
                                    module procedure fmin48
                                end interface
                            contains
                                real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                                real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                                real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                                real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                                real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                                real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                                real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                                real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                end function
                            end module
                            
                            real(8) function code(x)
                            use fmin_fmax_functions
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8) :: tmp
                                if (((x + 1.0d0) / (1.0d0 - x)) <= (-1d-309)) then
                                    tmp = -1.0d0
                                else
                                    tmp = 1.0d0
                                end if
                                code = tmp
                            end function
                            
                            public static double code(double x) {
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -1e-309) {
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            def code(x):
                            	tmp = 0
                            	if ((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -1e-309:
                            		tmp = -1.0
                            	else:
                            		tmp = 1.0
                            	return tmp
                            
                            function code(x)
                            	tmp = 0.0
                            	if (Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(1.0 - x)) <= -1e-309)
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	else
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	end
                            	return tmp
                            end
                            
                            function tmp_2 = code(x)
                            	tmp = 0.0;
                            	if (((x + 1.0) / (1.0 - x)) <= -1e-309)
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	else
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	end
                            	tmp_2 = tmp;
                            end
                            
                            code[x_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1e-309], -1.0, 1.0]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-309}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;-1\\
                            
                            \mathbf{else}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;1\\
                            
                            
                            \end{array}
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Split input into 2 regimes
                            2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)) < -1.000000000000002e-309

                              1. Initial program 100.0%

                                \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

                                if -1.000000000000002e-309 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x))

                                1. Initial program 100.0%

                                  \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites97.4%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                                5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                6. Add Preprocessing

                                Alternative 8: 49.6% accurate, 18.0× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -1.0)
                                double code(double x) {
                                	return -1.0;
                                }
                                
                                module fmin_fmax_functions
                                    implicit none
                                    private
                                    public fmax
                                    public fmin
                                
                                    interface fmax
                                        module procedure fmax88
                                        module procedure fmax44
                                        module procedure fmax84
                                        module procedure fmax48
                                    end interface
                                    interface fmin
                                        module procedure fmin88
                                        module procedure fmin44
                                        module procedure fmin84
                                        module procedure fmin48
                                    end interface
                                contains
                                    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                end module
                                
                                real(8) function code(x)
                                use fmin_fmax_functions
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    code = -1.0d0
                                end function
                                
                                public static double code(double x) {
                                	return -1.0;
                                }
                                
                                def code(x):
                                	return -1.0
                                
                                function code(x)
                                	return -1.0
                                end
                                
                                function tmp = code(x)
                                	tmp = -1.0;
                                end
                                
                                code[x_] := -1.0
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                -1
                                \end{array}
                                
                                Derivation
                                1. Initial program 100.0%

                                  \[\frac{x + 1}{1 - x} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites43.5%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                  Reproduce

                                  ?
                                  herbie shell --seed 2025019 
                                  (FPCore (x)
                                    :name "Prelude:atanh from fay-base-0.20.0.1"
                                    :precision binary64
                                    (/ (+ x 1.0) (- 1.0 x)))