quad2p (problem 3.2.1, positive)

Percentage Accurate: 51.9% → 85.2%
Time: 4.4s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.7×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b_2 c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a))
double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
	return (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b_2, c)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b_2
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a
end function
public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
	return (-b_2 + Math.sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
}
def code(a, b_2, c):
	return (-b_2 + math.sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a
function code(a, b_2, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b_2) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b_2 * b_2) - Float64(a * c)))) / a)
end
function tmp = code(a, b_2, c)
	tmp = (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
end
code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := N[(N[((-b$95$2) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b$95$2 * b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 51.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b_2 c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a))
double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
	return (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b_2, c)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b_2
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a
end function
public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
	return (-b_2 + Math.sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
}
def code(a, b_2, c):
	return (-b_2 + math.sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a
function code(a, b_2, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b_2) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b_2 * b_2) - Float64(a * c)))) / a)
end
function tmp = code(a, b_2, c)
	tmp = (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
end
code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := N[(N[((-b$95$2) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b$95$2 * b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 85.2% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{+120}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b\_2 \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b_2 c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b_2 -5.1e+120)
   (* -2.0 (/ b_2 a))
   (if (<= b_2 1.05e-130)
     (/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a)
     (* (/ c b_2) -0.5))))
double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_2 <= -5.1e+120) {
		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
	} else if (b_2 <= 1.05e-130) {
		tmp = (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b_2, c)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b_2
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b_2 <= (-5.1d+120)) then
        tmp = (-2.0d0) * (b_2 / a)
    else if (b_2 <= 1.05d-130) then
        tmp = (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a
    else
        tmp = (c / b_2) * (-0.5d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b_2 <= -5.1e+120) {
		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
	} else if (b_2 <= 1.05e-130) {
		tmp = (-b_2 + Math.sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b_2, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b_2 <= -5.1e+120:
		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a)
	elif b_2 <= 1.05e-130:
		tmp = (-b_2 + math.sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a
	else:
		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5
	return tmp
function code(a, b_2, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b_2 <= -5.1e+120)
		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b_2 / a));
	elseif (b_2 <= 1.05e-130)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-b_2) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b_2 * b_2) - Float64(a * c)))) / a);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b_2) * -0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b_2, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b_2 <= -5.1e+120)
		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
	elseif (b_2 <= 1.05e-130)
		tmp = (-b_2 + sqrt(((b_2 * b_2) - (a * c)))) / a;
	else
		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$2, -5.1e+120], N[(-2.0 * N[(b$95$2 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b$95$2, 1.05e-130], N[(N[((-b$95$2) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b$95$2 * b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{+120}:\\
\;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b\_2 \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b_2 < -5.10000000000000027e120

    1. Initial program 51.5%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites95.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}} \]

      if -5.10000000000000027e120 < b_2 < 1.05000000000000001e-130

      1. Initial program 82.3%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      if 1.05000000000000001e-130 < b_2

      1. Initial program 13.6%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites88.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5} \]
      5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 79.7% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq -100:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \frac{c}{b\_2}, -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b\_2 \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{\left(-a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b_2 c)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= b_2 -100.0)
         (fma 0.5 (/ c b_2) (* -2.0 (/ b_2 a)))
         (if (<= b_2 1.05e-130)
           (/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (* (- a) c))) a)
           (* (/ c b_2) -0.5))))
      double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (b_2 <= -100.0) {
      		tmp = fma(0.5, (c / b_2), (-2.0 * (b_2 / a)));
      	} else if (b_2 <= 1.05e-130) {
      		tmp = (-b_2 + sqrt((-a * c))) / a;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(a, b_2, c)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (b_2 <= -100.0)
      		tmp = fma(0.5, Float64(c / b_2), Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b_2 / a)));
      	elseif (b_2 <= 1.05e-130)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-b_2) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(-a) * c))) / a);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b_2) * -0.5);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$2, -100.0], N[(0.5 * N[(c / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(b$95$2 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b$95$2, 1.05e-130], N[(N[((-b$95$2) + N[Sqrt[N[((-a) * c), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq -100:\\
      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \frac{c}{b\_2}, -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;b\_2 \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{\left(-a\right) \cdot c}}{a}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if b_2 < -100

        1. Initial program 64.0%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b\_2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{{b\_2}^{2}} + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites87.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b\_2}}{b\_2}, -0.5, \frac{2}{a}\right) \cdot \left(-b\_2\right)} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

            \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites88.0%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2}}, -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\right) \]

            if -100 < b_2 < 1.05000000000000001e-130

            1. Initial program 78.5%

              \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{a} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites67.9%

                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-a\right) \cdot c}}}{a} \]

              if 1.05000000000000001e-130 < b_2

              1. Initial program 13.6%

                \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites88.0%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5} \]
              5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
              6. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 3: 67.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \frac{c}{b\_2}, -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (a b_2 c)
               :precision binary64
               (if (<= b_2 -5e-310)
                 (fma 0.5 (/ c b_2) (* -2.0 (/ b_2 a)))
                 (* (/ c b_2) -0.5)))
              double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (b_2 <= -5e-310) {
              		tmp = fma(0.5, (c / b_2), (-2.0 * (b_2 / a)));
              	} else {
              		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              function code(a, b_2, c)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (b_2 <= -5e-310)
              		tmp = fma(0.5, Float64(c / b_2), Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b_2 / a)));
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b_2) * -0.5);
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$2, -5e-310], N[(0.5 * N[(c / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 * N[(b$95$2 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \frac{c}{b\_2}, -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\right)\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if b_2 < -4.999999999999985e-310

                1. Initial program 68.8%

                  \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b\_2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{{b\_2}^{2}} + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites64.6%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b\_2}}{b\_2}, -0.5, \frac{2}{a}\right) \cdot \left(-b\_2\right)} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                    \[\leadsto -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites64.9%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2}}, -2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\right) \]

                    if -4.999999999999985e-310 < b_2

                    1. Initial program 25.3%

                      \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites75.1%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5} \]
                    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 4: 67.5% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq 2.65 \cdot 10^{-284}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (a b_2 c)
                     :precision binary64
                     (if (<= b_2 2.65e-284) (* -2.0 (/ b_2 a)) (* (/ c b_2) -0.5)))
                    double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (b_2 <= 2.65e-284) {
                    		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    module fmin_fmax_functions
                        implicit none
                        private
                        public fmax
                        public fmin
                    
                        interface fmax
                            module procedure fmax88
                            module procedure fmax44
                            module procedure fmax84
                            module procedure fmax48
                        end interface
                        interface fmin
                            module procedure fmin88
                            module procedure fmin44
                            module procedure fmin84
                            module procedure fmin48
                        end interface
                    contains
                        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                        end function
                    end module
                    
                    real(8) function code(a, b_2, c)
                    use fmin_fmax_functions
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        real(8), intent (in) :: b_2
                        real(8), intent (in) :: c
                        real(8) :: tmp
                        if (b_2 <= 2.65d-284) then
                            tmp = (-2.0d0) * (b_2 / a)
                        else
                            tmp = (c / b_2) * (-0.5d0)
                        end if
                        code = tmp
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (b_2 <= 2.65e-284) {
                    		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    def code(a, b_2, c):
                    	tmp = 0
                    	if b_2 <= 2.65e-284:
                    		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a)
                    	else:
                    		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5
                    	return tmp
                    
                    function code(a, b_2, c)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (b_2 <= 2.65e-284)
                    		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b_2 / a));
                    	else
                    		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b_2) * -0.5);
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    function tmp_2 = code(a, b_2, c)
                    	tmp = 0.0;
                    	if (b_2 <= 2.65e-284)
                    		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
                    	else
                    		tmp = (c / b_2) * -0.5;
                    	end
                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                    end
                    
                    code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$2, 2.65e-284], N[(-2.0 * N[(b$95$2 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq 2.65 \cdot 10^{-284}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if b_2 < 2.6499999999999999e-284

                      1. Initial program 69.1%

                        \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites64.2%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}} \]

                        if 2.6499999999999999e-284 < b_2

                        1. Initial program 24.7%

                          \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites75.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2} \cdot -0.5} \]
                        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        6. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 5: 42.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+40}:\\ \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{b\_2} \cdot c\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (a b_2 c)
                         :precision binary64
                         (if (<= b_2 8e+40) (* -2.0 (/ b_2 a)) (* (/ 0.5 b_2) c)))
                        double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (b_2 <= 8e+40) {
                        		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = (0.5 / b_2) * c;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        module fmin_fmax_functions
                            implicit none
                            private
                            public fmax
                            public fmin
                        
                            interface fmax
                                module procedure fmax88
                                module procedure fmax44
                                module procedure fmax84
                                module procedure fmax48
                            end interface
                            interface fmin
                                module procedure fmin88
                                module procedure fmin44
                                module procedure fmin84
                                module procedure fmin48
                            end interface
                        contains
                            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                        end module
                        
                        real(8) function code(a, b_2, c)
                        use fmin_fmax_functions
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b_2
                            real(8), intent (in) :: c
                            real(8) :: tmp
                            if (b_2 <= 8d+40) then
                                tmp = (-2.0d0) * (b_2 / a)
                            else
                                tmp = (0.5d0 / b_2) * c
                            end if
                            code = tmp
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (b_2 <= 8e+40) {
                        		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = (0.5 / b_2) * c;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        def code(a, b_2, c):
                        	tmp = 0
                        	if b_2 <= 8e+40:
                        		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a)
                        	else:
                        		tmp = (0.5 / b_2) * c
                        	return tmp
                        
                        function code(a, b_2, c)
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (b_2 <= 8e+40)
                        		tmp = Float64(-2.0 * Float64(b_2 / a));
                        	else
                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / b_2) * c);
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b_2, c)
                        	tmp = 0.0;
                        	if (b_2 <= 8e+40)
                        		tmp = -2.0 * (b_2 / a);
                        	else
                        		tmp = (0.5 / b_2) * c;
                        	end
                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                        end
                        
                        code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b$95$2, 8e+40], N[(-2.0 * N[(b$95$2 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+40}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{b\_2} \cdot c\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if b_2 < 8.00000000000000024e40

                          1. Initial program 64.9%

                            \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites48.4%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a}} \]

                            if 8.00000000000000024e40 < b_2

                            1. Initial program 6.8%

                              \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b\_2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{{b\_2}^{2}} + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites2.5%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b\_2}}{b\_2}, -0.5, \frac{2}{a}\right) \cdot \left(-b\_2\right)} \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in c around inf

                                \[\leadsto c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a \cdot c} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b\_2}\right)} \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites2.4%

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{b\_2}{a}}{c}, -2, \frac{0.5}{b\_2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{c} \]
                                2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{b\_2} \cdot c \]
                                3. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites30.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{b\_2} \cdot c \]
                                4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                5. Add Preprocessing

                                Alternative 6: 10.9% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{b\_2} \cdot c \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (a b_2 c) :precision binary64 (* (/ 0.5 b_2) c))
                                double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                                	return (0.5 / b_2) * c;
                                }
                                
                                module fmin_fmax_functions
                                    implicit none
                                    private
                                    public fmax
                                    public fmin
                                
                                    interface fmax
                                        module procedure fmax88
                                        module procedure fmax44
                                        module procedure fmax84
                                        module procedure fmax48
                                    end interface
                                    interface fmin
                                        module procedure fmin88
                                        module procedure fmin44
                                        module procedure fmin84
                                        module procedure fmin48
                                    end interface
                                contains
                                    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                        real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                    end function
                                end module
                                
                                real(8) function code(a, b_2, c)
                                use fmin_fmax_functions
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: b_2
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: c
                                    code = (0.5d0 / b_2) * c
                                end function
                                
                                public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                                	return (0.5 / b_2) * c;
                                }
                                
                                def code(a, b_2, c):
                                	return (0.5 / b_2) * c
                                
                                function code(a, b_2, c)
                                	return Float64(Float64(0.5 / b_2) * c)
                                end
                                
                                function tmp = code(a, b_2, c)
                                	tmp = (0.5 / b_2) * c;
                                end
                                
                                code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := N[(N[(0.5 / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                \frac{0.5}{b\_2} \cdot c
                                \end{array}
                                
                                Derivation
                                1. Initial program 48.1%

                                  \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b\_2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{{b\_2}^{2}} + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites34.9%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b\_2}}{b\_2}, -0.5, \frac{2}{a}\right) \cdot \left(-b\_2\right)} \]
                                  2. Taylor expanded in c around inf

                                    \[\leadsto c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \frac{b\_2}{a \cdot c} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b\_2}\right)} \]
                                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites29.2%

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{b\_2}{a}}{c}, -2, \frac{0.5}{b\_2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{c} \]
                                    2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{b\_2} \cdot c \]
                                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites11.1%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{b\_2} \cdot c \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing

                                      Alternative 7: 10.9% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

                                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2} \end{array} \]
                                      (FPCore (a b_2 c) :precision binary64 (* 0.5 (/ c b_2)))
                                      double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                                      	return 0.5 * (c / b_2);
                                      }
                                      
                                      module fmin_fmax_functions
                                          implicit none
                                          private
                                          public fmax
                                          public fmin
                                      
                                          interface fmax
                                              module procedure fmax88
                                              module procedure fmax44
                                              module procedure fmax84
                                              module procedure fmax48
                                          end interface
                                          interface fmin
                                              module procedure fmin88
                                              module procedure fmin44
                                              module procedure fmin84
                                              module procedure fmin48
                                          end interface
                                      contains
                                          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                          end function
                                      end module
                                      
                                      real(8) function code(a, b_2, c)
                                      use fmin_fmax_functions
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: b_2
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: c
                                          code = 0.5d0 * (c / b_2)
                                      end function
                                      
                                      public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                                      	return 0.5 * (c / b_2);
                                      }
                                      
                                      def code(a, b_2, c):
                                      	return 0.5 * (c / b_2)
                                      
                                      function code(a, b_2, c)
                                      	return Float64(0.5 * Float64(c / b_2))
                                      end
                                      
                                      function tmp = code(a, b_2, c)
                                      	tmp = 0.5 * (c / b_2);
                                      end
                                      
                                      code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := N[(0.5 * N[(c / b$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                      
                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                      
                                      \\
                                      0.5 \cdot \frac{c}{b\_2}
                                      \end{array}
                                      
                                      Derivation
                                      1. Initial program 48.1%

                                        \[\frac{\left(-b\_2\right) + \sqrt{b\_2 \cdot b\_2 - a \cdot c}}{a} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in b_2 around -inf

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b\_2 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{{b\_2}^{2}} + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites34.9%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b\_2}}{b\_2}, -0.5, \frac{2}{a}\right) \cdot \left(-b\_2\right)} \]
                                        2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
                                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites11.1%

                                            \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b\_2}} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing

                                          Developer Target 1: 99.6% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

                                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{\left|a\right|} \cdot \sqrt{\left|c\right|}\\ t_1 := \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(a, c\right) = a:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left|b\_2\right| - t\_0} \cdot \sqrt{\left|b\_2\right| + t\_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{hypot}\left(b\_2, t\_0\right)\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 < 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1 - b\_2}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b\_2 + t\_1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                          (FPCore (a b_2 c)
                                           :precision binary64
                                           (let* ((t_0 (* (sqrt (fabs a)) (sqrt (fabs c))))
                                                  (t_1
                                                   (if (== (copysign a c) a)
                                                     (* (sqrt (- (fabs b_2) t_0)) (sqrt (+ (fabs b_2) t_0)))
                                                     (hypot b_2 t_0))))
                                             (if (< b_2 0.0) (/ (- t_1 b_2) a) (/ (- c) (+ b_2 t_1)))))
                                          double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                                          	double t_0 = sqrt(fabs(a)) * sqrt(fabs(c));
                                          	double tmp;
                                          	if (copysign(a, c) == a) {
                                          		tmp = sqrt((fabs(b_2) - t_0)) * sqrt((fabs(b_2) + t_0));
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp = hypot(b_2, t_0);
                                          	}
                                          	double t_1 = tmp;
                                          	double tmp_1;
                                          	if (b_2 < 0.0) {
                                          		tmp_1 = (t_1 - b_2) / a;
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp_1 = -c / (b_2 + t_1);
                                          	}
                                          	return tmp_1;
                                          }
                                          
                                          public static double code(double a, double b_2, double c) {
                                          	double t_0 = Math.sqrt(Math.abs(a)) * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(c));
                                          	double tmp;
                                          	if (Math.copySign(a, c) == a) {
                                          		tmp = Math.sqrt((Math.abs(b_2) - t_0)) * Math.sqrt((Math.abs(b_2) + t_0));
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp = Math.hypot(b_2, t_0);
                                          	}
                                          	double t_1 = tmp;
                                          	double tmp_1;
                                          	if (b_2 < 0.0) {
                                          		tmp_1 = (t_1 - b_2) / a;
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp_1 = -c / (b_2 + t_1);
                                          	}
                                          	return tmp_1;
                                          }
                                          
                                          def code(a, b_2, c):
                                          	t_0 = math.sqrt(math.fabs(a)) * math.sqrt(math.fabs(c))
                                          	tmp = 0
                                          	if math.copysign(a, c) == a:
                                          		tmp = math.sqrt((math.fabs(b_2) - t_0)) * math.sqrt((math.fabs(b_2) + t_0))
                                          	else:
                                          		tmp = math.hypot(b_2, t_0)
                                          	t_1 = tmp
                                          	tmp_1 = 0
                                          	if b_2 < 0.0:
                                          		tmp_1 = (t_1 - b_2) / a
                                          	else:
                                          		tmp_1 = -c / (b_2 + t_1)
                                          	return tmp_1
                                          
                                          function code(a, b_2, c)
                                          	t_0 = Float64(sqrt(abs(a)) * sqrt(abs(c)))
                                          	tmp = 0.0
                                          	if (copysign(a, c) == a)
                                          		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(abs(b_2) - t_0)) * sqrt(Float64(abs(b_2) + t_0)));
                                          	else
                                          		tmp = hypot(b_2, t_0);
                                          	end
                                          	t_1 = tmp
                                          	tmp_1 = 0.0
                                          	if (b_2 < 0.0)
                                          		tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(t_1 - b_2) / a);
                                          	else
                                          		tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(-c) / Float64(b_2 + t_1));
                                          	end
                                          	return tmp_1
                                          end
                                          
                                          function tmp_3 = code(a, b_2, c)
                                          	t_0 = sqrt(abs(a)) * sqrt(abs(c));
                                          	tmp = 0.0;
                                          	if ((sign(c) * abs(a)) == a)
                                          		tmp = sqrt((abs(b_2) - t_0)) * sqrt((abs(b_2) + t_0));
                                          	else
                                          		tmp = hypot(b_2, t_0);
                                          	end
                                          	t_1 = tmp;
                                          	tmp_2 = 0.0;
                                          	if (b_2 < 0.0)
                                          		tmp_2 = (t_1 - b_2) / a;
                                          	else
                                          		tmp_2 = -c / (b_2 + t_1);
                                          	end
                                          	tmp_3 = tmp_2;
                                          end
                                          
                                          code[a_, b$95$2_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sqrt[N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[Abs[c], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = If[Equal[N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[a], TMP2 = Sign[c]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision], a], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[Abs[b$95$2], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[Abs[b$95$2], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[b$95$2 ^ 2 + t$95$0 ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]]}, If[Less[b$95$2, 0.0], N[(N[(t$95$1 - b$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / N[(b$95$2 + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                                          
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          
                                          \\
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          t_0 := \sqrt{\left|a\right|} \cdot \sqrt{\left|c\right|}\\
                                          t_1 := \begin{array}{l}
                                          \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(a, c\right) = a:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left|b\_2\right| - t\_0} \cdot \sqrt{\left|b\_2\right| + t\_0}\\
                                          
                                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{hypot}\left(b\_2, t\_0\right)\\
                                          
                                          
                                          \end{array}\\
                                          \mathbf{if}\;b\_2 < 0:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1 - b\_2}{a}\\
                                          
                                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b\_2 + t\_1}\\
                                          
                                          
                                          \end{array}
                                          \end{array}
                                          

                                          Reproduce

                                          ?
                                          herbie shell --seed 2025018 
                                          (FPCore (a b_2 c)
                                            :name "quad2p (problem 3.2.1, positive)"
                                            :precision binary64
                                            :herbie-expected 10
                                          
                                            :alt
                                            (! :herbie-platform default (let ((sqtD (let ((x (* (sqrt (fabs a)) (sqrt (fabs c))))) (if (== (copysign a c) a) (* (sqrt (- (fabs b_2) x)) (sqrt (+ (fabs b_2) x))) (hypot b_2 x))))) (if (< b_2 0) (/ (- sqtD b_2) a) (/ (- c) (+ b_2 sqtD)))))
                                          
                                            (/ (+ (- b_2) (sqrt (- (* b_2 b_2) (* a c)))) a))