
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (asinh x))
float code(float x) {
return asinhf(x);
}
function code(x) return asinh(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = asinh(x); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sinh^{-1} x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 4 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x))
float code(float x) {
return copysignf(logf((fabsf(x) + sqrtf(((x * x) + 1.0f)))), x);
}
function code(x) return copysign(log(Float32(abs(x) + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(1.0))))), x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sign(x) * abs(log((abs(x) + sqrt(((x * x) + single(1.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (copysign (asinh x) x))
float code(float x) {
return copysignf(asinhf(x), x);
}
function code(x) return copysign(asinh(x), x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sign(x) * abs(asinh(x)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\sinh^{-1} x, x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.8%
lift-log.f32N/A
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-sqrt.f32N/A
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
sqr-abs-revN/A
lift-fabs.f32N/A
lift-fabs.f32N/A
asinh-def-revN/A
lower-asinh.f3299.6
lift-fabs.f32N/A
rem-sqrt-square-revN/A
pow2N/A
sqrt-pow1N/A
metadata-evalN/A
unpow199.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (copysign (fma (* x x) (* x -0.16666666666666666) x) x))
float code(float x) {
return copysignf(fmaf((x * x), (x * -0.16666666666666666f), x), x);
}
function code(x) return copysign(fma(Float32(x * x), Float32(x * Float32(-0.16666666666666666)), x), x) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, x \cdot -0.16666666666666666, x\right), x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.8%
lift-log.f32N/A
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-sqrt.f32N/A
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
sqr-abs-revN/A
lift-fabs.f32N/A
lift-fabs.f32N/A
asinh-def-revN/A
lower-asinh.f3299.6
lift-fabs.f32N/A
rem-sqrt-square-revN/A
pow2N/A
sqrt-pow1N/A
metadata-evalN/A
unpow199.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
+-commutativeN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*r*N/A
unpow2N/A
cube-multN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
lower-pow.f3258.6
Applied rewrites58.6%
Applied rewrites58.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (copysign (fma (* -0.16666666666666666 (* x x)) x x) x))
float code(float x) {
return copysignf(fmaf((-0.16666666666666666f * (x * x)), x, x), x);
}
function code(x) return copysign(fma(Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * Float32(x * x)), x, x), x) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right), x, x\right), x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.8%
lift-log.f32N/A
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-sqrt.f32N/A
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
sqr-abs-revN/A
lift-fabs.f32N/A
lift-fabs.f32N/A
asinh-def-revN/A
lower-asinh.f3299.6
lift-fabs.f32N/A
rem-sqrt-square-revN/A
pow2N/A
sqrt-pow1N/A
metadata-evalN/A
unpow199.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
+-commutativeN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*r*N/A
unpow2N/A
cube-multN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
lower-pow.f3258.6
Applied rewrites58.6%
Applied rewrites58.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (copysign (* -0.5 x) x))
float code(float x) {
return copysignf((-0.5f * x), x);
}
function code(x) return copysign(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * x), x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sign(x) * abs((single(-0.5) * x)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(-0.5 \cdot x, x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 35.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
+-commutativeN/A
*-lft-identityN/A
associate-*l/N/A
associate-*l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
unpow2N/A
associate-*l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
Applied rewrites60.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
Applied rewrites12.7%
Applied rewrites12.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
Applied rewrites20.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (fabs x)))) (copysign (log1p (+ (fabs x) (/ (fabs x) (+ (hypot 1.0 t_0) t_0)))) x)))
float code(float x) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / fabsf(x);
return copysignf(log1pf((fabsf(x) + (fabsf(x) / (hypotf(1.0f, t_0) + t_0)))), x);
}
function code(x) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / abs(x)) return copysign(log1p(Float32(abs(x) + Float32(abs(x) / Float32(hypot(Float32(1.0), t_0) + t_0)))), x) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{\left|x\right|}\\
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left|x\right| + \frac{\left|x\right|}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, t\_0\right) + t\_0}\right), x\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024363
(FPCore (x)
:name "Rust f32::asinh"
:precision binary32
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (let* ((ax (fabs x)) (ix (/ 1 ax))) (copysign (log1p (+ ax (/ ax (+ (hypot 1 ix) ix)))) x)))
(copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x))