ab-angle->ABCF C

Percentage Accurate: 80.2% → 80.2%
Time: 8.6s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: N/A×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\ {\left(a \cdot \cos t\_0\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin t\_0\right)}^{2} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) (/ angle 180.0))))
   (+ (pow (* a (cos t_0)) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin t_0)) 2.0))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\
{\left(a \cdot \cos t\_0\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin t\_0\right)}^{2}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 80.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\ {\left(a \cdot \cos t\_0\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin t\_0\right)}^{2} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) (/ angle 180.0))))
   (+ (pow (* a (cos t_0)) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin t_0)) 2.0))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\
{\left(a \cdot \cos t\_0\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin t\_0\right)}^{2}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 80.2% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle)
 :precision binary64
 (fma (* (* 1.0 a) 1.0) a (pow (* (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI))) b) 2.0)))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 79.9%

    \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites80.2%

      \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
      2. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2}} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot a\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
      6. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot a} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
      7. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
    3. Applied rewrites80.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 80.2% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b angle)
     :precision binary64
     (fma
      (* (* 1.0 a) 1.0)
      a
      (pow (* (sin (* (* 0.005555555555555556 (PI)) angle)) b) 2.0)))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 79.9%

      \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites80.2%

        \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
        2. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2}} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        3. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot a\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        6. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot a} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        7. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
      3. Applied rewrites80.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
      4. Taylor expanded in angle around inf

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        2. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(angle \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(angle \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        4. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(angle \cdot \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        7. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        8. lower-PI.f6480.1

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
      6. Applied rewrites80.1%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 67.4% accurate, 3.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.7 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= b 1.7e-90)
         (* a a)
         (fma
          (* (* 1.0 a) 1.0)
          a
          (pow (* (* (* 0.005555555555555556 (PI)) angle) b) 2.0))))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.7 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\
      \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if b < 1.69999999999999997e-90

        1. Initial program 79.4%

          \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
          2. lower-*.f6461.6

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
        5. Applied rewrites61.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]

        if 1.69999999999999997e-90 < b

        1. Initial program 81.0%

          \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites81.2%

            \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
            2. lift-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2}} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            3. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            4. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            5. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot a\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            6. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot a} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            7. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
          3. Applied rewrites81.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
          4. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)}\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            2. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            5. lower-PI.f6476.2

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
          6. Applied rewrites76.2%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 67.4% accurate, 3.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.7 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b angle)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= b 1.7e-90)
           (* a a)
           (fma
            (* (* 1.0 a) 1.0)
            a
            (pow (* (* (* b (PI)) 0.005555555555555556) angle) 2.0))))
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.7 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\
        \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if b < 1.69999999999999997e-90

          1. Initial program 79.4%

            \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
            2. lower-*.f6461.6

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
          5. Applied rewrites61.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]

          if 1.69999999999999997e-90 < b

          1. Initial program 81.0%

            \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites81.2%

              \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
              2. lift-pow.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot 1\right)}^{2}} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              3. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              4. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot 1\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              5. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot a\right)} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              6. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot a} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              7. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot 1\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
            3. Applied rewrites81.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
            4. Taylor expanded in angle around inf

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              2. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(angle \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              3. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(angle \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              4. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(angle \cdot \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              5. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              7. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              8. lower-PI.f6481.2

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\sin \left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            6. Applied rewrites81.2%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)} \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            7. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}}^{2}\right) \]
            8. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)}\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              2. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)}}^{2}\right) \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)}}^{2}\right) \]
              4. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)} \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              5. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)} \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              7. lower-PI.f6476.2

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\left(\left(\left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right) \]
            9. Applied rewrites76.2%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 \cdot a\right) \cdot 1, a, {\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(b \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}}^{2}\right) \]
          5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 53.7% accurate, 6.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{+66}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), 0.0001234567901234568, 0\right)\right), angle \cdot angle, a \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (a b angle)
           :precision binary64
           (if (<= a 3.9e+66)
             (fma
              (fma
               (* (* (* 3.08641975308642e-5 b) b) (PI))
               (PI)
               (*
                (* (* 0.5 (* a a)) -0.5)
                (fma (* (PI) (PI)) 0.0001234567901234568 0.0)))
              (* angle angle)
              (* a a))
             (* a a)))
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{+66}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), 0.0001234567901234568, 0\right)\right), angle \cdot angle, a \cdot a\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if a < 3.9000000000000004e66

            1. Initial program 76.8%

              \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              2. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
              3. lower-pow.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              4. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)}}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              5. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \color{blue}{\left(angle \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)\right)}}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              6. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(angle \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              7. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\color{blue}{\cos \left(angle \cdot \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)}}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              9. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle\right)}}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              10. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)} \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              11. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)} \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              12. lower-PI.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, {a}^{2}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              13. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, \color{blue}{a \cdot a}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              14. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, \color{blue}{a \cdot a}, {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \]
              15. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, a \cdot a, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}\right) \]
              16. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, a \cdot a, \color{blue}{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites66.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}, a \cdot a, {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites66.3%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), -\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right)\right) + \cos \left(\left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot angle - \left(-\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right)\right)}{2}, \color{blue}{a} \cdot a, {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \]
              2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto {angle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{-1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right) + \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} \]
              3. Applied rewrites43.2%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), 0.0001234567901234568, 0\right)\right), \color{blue}{angle \cdot angle}, a \cdot a\right) \]

              if 3.9000000000000004e66 < a

              1. Initial program 91.1%

                \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
                2. lower-*.f6487.9

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
              5. Applied rewrites87.9%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
            7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            8. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 53.7% accurate, 8.8× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{+66}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a - b \cdot b\right), angle \cdot angle, a \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b angle)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= a 3.9e+66)
               (fma
                (* (* -3.08641975308642e-5 (* (PI) (PI))) (- (* a a) (* b b)))
                (* angle angle)
                (* a a))
               (* a a)))
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{+66}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a - b \cdot b\right), angle \cdot angle, a \cdot a\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;a \cdot a\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if a < 3.9000000000000004e66

              1. Initial program 76.8%

                \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{angle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right) + {a}^{2}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {angle}^{2}} + {a}^{2} \]
                2. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right), {angle}^{2}, {a}^{2}\right)} \]
              5. Applied rewrites43.2%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a - b \cdot b\right), angle \cdot angle, a \cdot a\right)} \]

              if 3.9000000000000004e66 < a

              1. Initial program 91.1%

                \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
                2. lower-*.f6487.9

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
              5. Applied rewrites87.9%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            4. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 7: 57.7% accurate, 74.7× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ a \cdot a \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b angle) :precision binary64 (* a a))
            double code(double a, double b, double angle) {
            	return a * a;
            }
            
            module fmin_fmax_functions
                implicit none
                private
                public fmax
                public fmin
            
                interface fmax
                    module procedure fmax88
                    module procedure fmax44
                    module procedure fmax84
                    module procedure fmax48
                end interface
                interface fmin
                    module procedure fmin88
                    module procedure fmin44
                    module procedure fmin84
                    module procedure fmin48
                end interface
            contains
                real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
            end module
            
            real(8) function code(a, b, angle)
            use fmin_fmax_functions
                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                code = a * a
            end function
            
            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle) {
            	return a * a;
            }
            
            def code(a, b, angle):
            	return a * a
            
            function code(a, b, angle)
            	return Float64(a * a)
            end
            
            function tmp = code(a, b, angle)
            	tmp = a * a;
            end
            
            code[a_, b_, angle_] := N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            a \cdot a
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 79.9%

              \[{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right)\right)}^{2} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a}^{2}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
              2. lower-*.f6457.4

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
            5. Applied rewrites57.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot a} \]
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Reproduce

            ?
            herbie shell --seed 2024360 
            (FPCore (a b angle)
              :name "ab-angle->ABCF C"
              :precision binary64
              (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (PI) (/ angle 180.0)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (PI) (/ angle 180.0)))) 2.0)))