Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.8%
Time: 9.0s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 2.4×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))
function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end
function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end
code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\
t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}
def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))
function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end
function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end
code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\
t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  (/ rand (sqrt (* (- a 0.3333333333333333) 9.0)))
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma((rand / sqrt(((a - 0.3333333333333333) * 9.0))), (a - 0.3333333333333333), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
}
function code(a, rand)
	return fma(Float64(rand / sqrt(Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) * 9.0))), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(rand / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * 9.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    3. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    5. distribute-lft1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    6. lower-fma.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.8% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(rand, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right)}}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  rand
  (/ (- a 0.3333333333333333) (sqrt (* 9.0 (- a 0.3333333333333333))))
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma(rand, ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / sqrt((9.0 * (a - 0.3333333333333333)))), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
}
function code(a, rand)
	return fma(rand, Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333)))), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(rand * N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(rand, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right)}}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    3. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    5. distribute-lft1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    6. lower-fma.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    2. distribute-lft1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}} + 1\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}} + 1\right)} \]
    4. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}} + 1\right) \]
    5. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}\right)} \]
    6. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}\right) \]
    7. *-lft-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot rand}}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}\right) \]
    8. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1 \cdot rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}\right) \]
    9. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1 \cdot rand}{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}\right) \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1 \cdot rand}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1 \cdot rand}{{\color{blue}{\left(9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \]
    12. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1 \cdot rand}{{\left(9 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \]
    13. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1 \cdot rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}}}\right) \]
    14. associate-*l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand}\right) \]
    15. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    16. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \]
    17. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 1} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(rand, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right)}}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.8% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \cdot \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right), a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  0.3333333333333333
  (* (/ rand (sqrt (- a 0.3333333333333333))) (- a 0.3333333333333333))
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma(0.3333333333333333, ((rand / sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333))) * (a - 0.3333333333333333)), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
}
function code(a, rand)
	return fma(0.3333333333333333, Float64(Float64(rand / sqrt(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))) * Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333)), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
end
code[a_, rand_] := N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(N[(rand / N[Sqrt[N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \cdot \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right), a - 0.3333333333333333\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
    3. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
    5. distribute-lft1-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, \frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \cdot \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right), a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 69.4% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+93} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+71}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= rand -3.8e+93) (not (<= rand 4e+71)))
   (* (* (sqrt (- a 0.3333333333333333)) 0.3333333333333333) rand)
   (* (/ (- a 0.3333333333333333) rand) rand)))
double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if ((rand <= -3.8e+93) || !(rand <= 4e+71)) {
		tmp = (sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333)) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
	} else {
		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
	}
	return tmp;
}
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((rand <= (-3.8d+93)) .or. (.not. (rand <= 4d+71))) then
        tmp = (sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333d0)) * 0.3333333333333333d0) * rand
    else
        tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333d0) / rand) * rand
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if ((rand <= -3.8e+93) || !(rand <= 4e+71)) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333)) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
	} else {
		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, rand):
	tmp = 0
	if (rand <= -3.8e+93) or not (rand <= 4e+71):
		tmp = (math.sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333)) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand
	else:
		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand
	return tmp
function code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((rand <= -3.8e+93) || !(rand <= 4e+71))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333)) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((rand <= -3.8e+93) || ~((rand <= 4e+71)))
		tmp = (sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333)) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
	else
		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, rand_] := If[Or[LessEqual[rand, -3.8e+93], N[Not[LessEqual[rand, 4e+71]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / rand), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+93} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+71}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if rand < -3.7999999999999998e93 or 4.0000000000000002e71 < rand

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      3. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
      5. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
      6. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
      7. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
      9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
      10. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
      12. lower--.f6499.6

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) \cdot rand \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites95.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand \]

      if -3.7999999999999998e93 < rand < 4.0000000000000002e71

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
        3. associate--l+N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
        5. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
        6. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
        7. div-subN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
        8. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
        9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
        10. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
        11. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
        12. lower--.f6462.0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
      5. Applied rewrites62.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand} \cdot rand \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites58.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \]
      8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      9. Final simplification73.4%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+93} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+71}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \end{array} \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 69.4% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}\\ \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+71}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a rand)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (- a 0.3333333333333333))))
         (if (<= rand -3.8e+93)
           (* (* t_0 0.3333333333333333) rand)
           (if (<= rand 4e+71)
             (* (/ (- a 0.3333333333333333) rand) rand)
             (* (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) t_0)))))
      double code(double a, double rand) {
      	double t_0 = sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333));
      	double tmp;
      	if (rand <= -3.8e+93) {
      		tmp = (t_0 * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
      	} else if (rand <= 4e+71) {
      		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      module fmin_fmax_functions
          implicit none
          private
          public fmax
          public fmin
      
          interface fmax
              module procedure fmax88
              module procedure fmax44
              module procedure fmax84
              module procedure fmax48
          end interface
          interface fmin
              module procedure fmin88
              module procedure fmin44
              module procedure fmin84
              module procedure fmin48
          end interface
      contains
          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(4), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
              real(4), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
          end function
      end module
      
      real(8) function code(a, rand)
      use fmin_fmax_functions
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: rand
          real(8) :: t_0
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_0 = sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333d0))
          if (rand <= (-3.8d+93)) then
              tmp = (t_0 * 0.3333333333333333d0) * rand
          else if (rand <= 4d+71) then
              tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333d0) / rand) * rand
          else
              tmp = (0.3333333333333333d0 * rand) * t_0
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double rand) {
      	double t_0 = Math.sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333));
      	double tmp;
      	if (rand <= -3.8e+93) {
      		tmp = (t_0 * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
      	} else if (rand <= 4e+71) {
      		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(a, rand):
      	t_0 = math.sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333))
      	tmp = 0
      	if rand <= -3.8e+93:
      		tmp = (t_0 * 0.3333333333333333) * rand
      	elif rand <= 4e+71:
      		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand
      	else:
      		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * t_0
      	return tmp
      
      function code(a, rand)
      	t_0 = sqrt(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (rand <= -3.8e+93)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * 0.3333333333333333) * rand);
      	elseif (rand <= 4e+71)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand) * t_0);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
      	t_0 = sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333));
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (rand <= -3.8e+93)
      		tmp = (t_0 * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
      	elseif (rand <= 4e+71)
      		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
      	else
      		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * t_0;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[rand, -3.8e+93], N[(N[(t$95$0 * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[rand, 4e+71], N[(N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / rand), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+71}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot t\_0\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if rand < -3.7999999999999998e93

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
          3. associate--l+N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
          5. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
          6. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
          7. div-subN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
          8. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
          9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
          10. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
          12. lower--.f6499.5

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) \cdot rand \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites97.2%

            \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand \]

          if -3.7999999999999998e93 < rand < 4.0000000000000002e71

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
            3. associate--l+N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
            4. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
            5. associate-*r/N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
            6. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
            7. div-subN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
            8. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
            9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
            10. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
            11. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
            12. lower--.f6462.0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
          5. Applied rewrites62.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand} \cdot rand \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites58.7%

              \[\leadsto \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \]

            if 4.0000000000000002e71 < rand

            1. Initial program 99.6%

              \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
              4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
              5. lower--.f6494.0

                \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites94.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]
          8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          9. Final simplification73.4%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 4 \cdot 10^{+71}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}\\ \end{array} \]
          10. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 6: 68.4% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.4 \cdot 10^{+94} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 1.15 \cdot 10^{+88}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (a rand)
           :precision binary64
           (if (or (<= rand -2.4e+94) (not (<= rand 1.15e+88)))
             (* (* (sqrt a) 0.3333333333333333) rand)
             (* (/ (- a 0.3333333333333333) rand) rand)))
          double code(double a, double rand) {
          	double tmp;
          	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || !(rand <= 1.15e+88)) {
          		tmp = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
          	} else {
          		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          module fmin_fmax_functions
              implicit none
              private
              public fmax
              public fmin
          
              interface fmax
                  module procedure fmax88
                  module procedure fmax44
                  module procedure fmax84
                  module procedure fmax48
              end interface
              interface fmin
                  module procedure fmin88
                  module procedure fmin44
                  module procedure fmin84
                  module procedure fmin48
              end interface
          contains
              real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
              real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
              end function
          end module
          
          real(8) function code(a, rand)
          use fmin_fmax_functions
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8), intent (in) :: rand
              real(8) :: tmp
              if ((rand <= (-2.4d+94)) .or. (.not. (rand <= 1.15d+88))) then
                  tmp = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333d0) * rand
              else
                  tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333d0) / rand) * rand
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double a, double rand) {
          	double tmp;
          	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || !(rand <= 1.15e+88)) {
          		tmp = (Math.sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
          	} else {
          		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(a, rand):
          	tmp = 0
          	if (rand <= -2.4e+94) or not (rand <= 1.15e+88):
          		tmp = (math.sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand
          	else:
          		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand
          	return tmp
          
          function code(a, rand)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || !(rand <= 1.15e+88))
          		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand);
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || ~((rand <= 1.15e+88)))
          		tmp = (sqrt(a) * 0.3333333333333333) * rand;
          	else
          		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[a_, rand_] := If[Or[LessEqual[rand, -2.4e+94], N[Not[LessEqual[rand, 1.15e+88]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / rand), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.4 \cdot 10^{+94} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 1.15 \cdot 10^{+88}\right):\\
          \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if rand < -2.39999999999999983e94 or 1.1500000000000001e88 < rand

            1. Initial program 99.5%

              \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
              3. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
              4. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
              5. distribute-lft1-inN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
              6. lower-fma.f6499.6

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
            4. Applied rewrites99.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
            5. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
              4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
              5. lower--.f6497.5

                \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]
            7. Applied rewrites97.5%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]
            8. Taylor expanded in a around inf

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
            9. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites96.0%

                \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \color{blue}{rand} \]

              if -2.39999999999999983e94 < rand < 1.1500000000000001e88

              1. Initial program 100.0%

                \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                3. associate--l+N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
                4. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                5. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                6. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                7. div-subN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
                9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                10. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                12. lower--.f6463.2

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
              5. Applied rewrites63.2%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand} \cdot rand \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites58.3%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \]
              8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              9. Final simplification72.7%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.4 \cdot 10^{+94} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 1.15 \cdot 10^{+88}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot rand\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \end{array} \]
              10. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 7: 68.4% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.4 \cdot 10^{+94} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{+87}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (a rand)
               :precision binary64
               (if (or (<= rand -2.4e+94) (not (<= rand 9.8e+87)))
                 (* (* rand 0.3333333333333333) (sqrt a))
                 (* (/ (- a 0.3333333333333333) rand) rand)))
              double code(double a, double rand) {
              	double tmp;
              	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || !(rand <= 9.8e+87)) {
              		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * sqrt(a);
              	} else {
              		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              module fmin_fmax_functions
                  implicit none
                  private
                  public fmax
                  public fmin
              
                  interface fmax
                      module procedure fmax88
                      module procedure fmax44
                      module procedure fmax84
                      module procedure fmax48
                  end interface
                  interface fmin
                      module procedure fmin88
                      module procedure fmin44
                      module procedure fmin84
                      module procedure fmin48
                  end interface
              contains
                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                  end function
              end module
              
              real(8) function code(a, rand)
              use fmin_fmax_functions
                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                  real(8), intent (in) :: rand
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  if ((rand <= (-2.4d+94)) .or. (.not. (rand <= 9.8d+87))) then
                      tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333d0) * sqrt(a)
                  else
                      tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333d0) / rand) * rand
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double a, double rand) {
              	double tmp;
              	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || !(rand <= 9.8e+87)) {
              		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * Math.sqrt(a);
              	} else {
              		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(a, rand):
              	tmp = 0
              	if (rand <= -2.4e+94) or not (rand <= 9.8e+87):
              		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * math.sqrt(a)
              	else:
              		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand
              	return tmp
              
              function code(a, rand)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || !(rand <= 9.8e+87))
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(rand * 0.3333333333333333) * sqrt(a));
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand);
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if ((rand <= -2.4e+94) || ~((rand <= 9.8e+87)))
              		tmp = (rand * 0.3333333333333333) * sqrt(a);
              	else
              		tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[a_, rand_] := If[Or[LessEqual[rand, -2.4e+94], N[Not[LessEqual[rand, 9.8e+87]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(rand * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / rand), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.4 \cdot 10^{+94} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{+87}\right):\\
              \;\;\;\;\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if rand < -2.39999999999999983e94 or 9.79999999999999943e87 < rand

                1. Initial program 99.5%

                  \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]
                  2. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
                  3. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                  4. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                  5. distribute-lft1-inN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
                  6. lower-fma.f6499.6

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
                4. Applied rewrites99.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
                5. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]
                  4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]
                  5. lower--.f6497.5

                    \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]
                7. Applied rewrites97.5%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]
                8. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
                9. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites96.0%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \color{blue}{rand} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites96.0%

                      \[\leadsto \left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \sqrt{a} \]

                    if -2.39999999999999983e94 < rand < 9.79999999999999943e87

                    1. Initial program 100.0%

                      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                      2. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                      3. associate--l+N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                      5. associate-*r/N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                      6. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                      7. div-subN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
                      9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                      10. lower--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                      12. lower--.f6463.2

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                    5. Applied rewrites63.2%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                    6. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

                      \[\leadsto \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites58.3%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                    8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    9. Final simplification72.7%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -2.4 \cdot 10^{+94} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{+87}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(rand \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand\\ \end{array} \]
                    10. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 8: 99.8% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (a rand)
                     :precision binary64
                     (fma
                      (* 0.3333333333333333 rand)
                      (sqrt (- a 0.3333333333333333))
                      (- a 0.3333333333333333)))
                    double code(double a, double rand) {
                    	return fma((0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333)), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
                    }
                    
                    function code(a, rand)
                    	return fma(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333)), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
                    end
                    
                    code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 99.8%

                      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + a\right)} - \frac{1}{3} \]
                      2. associate--l+N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
                      3. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
                      5. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      7. lower--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      8. lower--.f6499.8

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites99.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
                    6. Final simplification99.8%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]
                    7. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 9: 98.7% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (a rand)
                     :precision binary64
                     (fma (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) (sqrt a) (- a 0.3333333333333333)))
                    double code(double a, double rand) {
                    	return fma((0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(a), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
                    }
                    
                    function code(a, rand)
                    	return fma(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(a), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
                    end
                    
                    code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 99.8%

                      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + a\right)} - \frac{1}{3} \]
                      2. associate--l+N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
                      3. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]
                      5. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      7. lower--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                      8. lower--.f6499.8

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites99.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
                    6. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]
                      2. Final simplification98.7%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]
                      3. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 10: 39.4% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (a rand)
                       :precision binary64
                       (* (/ (- a 0.3333333333333333) rand) rand))
                      double code(double a, double rand) {
                      	return ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
                      }
                      
                      module fmin_fmax_functions
                          implicit none
                          private
                          public fmax
                          public fmin
                      
                          interface fmax
                              module procedure fmax88
                              module procedure fmax44
                              module procedure fmax84
                              module procedure fmax48
                          end interface
                          interface fmin
                              module procedure fmin88
                              module procedure fmin44
                              module procedure fmin84
                              module procedure fmin48
                          end interface
                      contains
                          real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(4), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                          real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                          end function
                      end module
                      
                      real(8) function code(a, rand)
                      use fmin_fmax_functions
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          real(8), intent (in) :: rand
                          code = ((a - 0.3333333333333333d0) / rand) * rand
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double a, double rand) {
                      	return ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
                      }
                      
                      def code(a, rand):
                      	return ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand
                      
                      function code(a, rand)
                      	return Float64(Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand)
                      end
                      
                      function tmp = code(a, rand)
                      	tmp = ((a - 0.3333333333333333) / rand) * rand;
                      end
                      
                      code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / rand), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 99.8%

                        \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                        2. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                        3. associate--l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                        5. associate-*r/N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                        6. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                        7. div-subN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                        8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
                        9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                        10. lower--.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                        12. lower--.f6477.1

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                      5. Applied rewrites77.1%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites38.0%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                        2. Final simplification38.0%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                        3. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 11: 38.5% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a}{rand} \cdot rand \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 (* (/ a rand) rand))
                        double code(double a, double rand) {
                        	return (a / rand) * rand;
                        }
                        
                        module fmin_fmax_functions
                            implicit none
                            private
                            public fmax
                            public fmin
                        
                            interface fmax
                                module procedure fmax88
                                module procedure fmax44
                                module procedure fmax84
                                module procedure fmax48
                            end interface
                            interface fmin
                                module procedure fmin88
                                module procedure fmin44
                                module procedure fmin84
                                module procedure fmin48
                            end interface
                        contains
                            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                            end function
                        end module
                        
                        real(8) function code(a, rand)
                        use fmin_fmax_functions
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            real(8), intent (in) :: rand
                            code = (a / rand) * rand
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double a, double rand) {
                        	return (a / rand) * rand;
                        }
                        
                        def code(a, rand):
                        	return (a / rand) * rand
                        
                        function code(a, rand)
                        	return Float64(Float64(a / rand) * rand)
                        end
                        
                        function tmp = code(a, rand)
                        	tmp = (a / rand) * rand;
                        end
                        
                        code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(a / rand), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \frac{a}{rand} \cdot rand
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 99.8%

                          \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{rand \cdot \left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                          2. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \frac{a}{rand}\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                          3. associate--l+N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right)} \cdot rand \]
                          4. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                          5. associate-*r/N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{rand}}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                          6. metadata-evalN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \left(\frac{a}{rand} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{rand}\right)\right) \cdot rand \]
                          7. div-subN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \frac{1}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                          8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right)} \cdot rand \]
                          9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                          10. lower--.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, \frac{1}{3}, \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, \frac{1}{3}, \color{blue}{\frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand}}\right) \cdot rand \]
                          12. lower--.f6477.1

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}}{rand}\right) \cdot rand \]
                        5. Applied rewrites77.1%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, 0.3333333333333333, \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand}\right) \cdot rand} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

                          \[\leadsto \frac{a - \frac{1}{3}}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites38.0%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{a - 0.3333333333333333}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                            \[\leadsto \frac{a}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites37.2%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{a}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                            2. Final simplification37.2%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{a}{rand} \cdot rand \]
                            3. Add Preprocessing

                            Reproduce

                            ?
                            herbie shell --seed 2024360 
                            (FPCore (a rand)
                              :name "Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg"
                              :precision binary64
                              (* (- a (/ 1.0 3.0)) (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))) rand))))